scholarly journals Chemical Interaction-Induced Evolution of Phase Compatibilization in Blends of Poly(hydroxy ether of bisphenol-A)/Poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate)

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1667
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Hsiang-Ching Wang ◽  
Chean-Cheng Su ◽  
Cheng-Fu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Chemical Exchange ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Random Copolymers ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Butylene Terephthalate ◽  
Alcoholysis Reaction ◽  
Immiscible Blend ◽  
Hydroxy Ether

An immiscible blend of poly(hydroxy ether of bisphenol-A) (phenoxy) and poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate) (PBT) with phase separation was observed in as-blended samples. The compatibilization of phenoxy/PBT blends can be promoted through chemical exchange reactions of phenoxy with PBT upon annealing. The annealed phenoxy/PBT blends had a homogeneous phase with a single Tg that could be enhanced by annealing at 260 °C. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy demonstrated that phase homogenization could be promoted by annealing the phenoxy/PBT blend, where alcoholytic exchange occurred between the dangling hydroxyl group (–OH) in phenoxy and the carbonyl group (C=O) in PBT in the heated blends. The alcoholysis reaction changed the aromatic linkages to aliphatic linkages in the carbonyl groups, which initially led to the formation of a graft copolymer of phenoxy and PBT with an aliphatic/aliphatic carbonyl link. The progressive alcoholysis reaction resulted in the transformation of the initial homopolymers into block copolymers and finally into random copolymers, which promoted phase compatibilization in blends of phenoxy with PBT. As the amount of copolymers increased upon annealing, the crystallization of PBT was inhibited by alcoholytic exchange in the blends.

scholarly journals Chemical Interaction–Induced Evolution of Phase Compatibilization in Blends of Poly(hydroxy ether of bisphenol-A) with Poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Hsiang-Ching Wang ◽  
Chean-Cheng Su ◽  
Cheng-Fu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Chemical Exchange ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Random Copolymers ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Butylene Terephthalate ◽  
Alcoholysis Reaction ◽  
Immiscible Blend ◽  
Hydroxy Ether

An immiscible blend of poly(hydroxy ether of bisphenol-A) (phenoxy) and poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate) (PBT) with phase separation was observed in as-blended samples. However, compatibilization of the phenoxy/PBT blends can be promoted through chemical exchange reactions of phenoxy with PBT upon annealing. In contrast to the as-blended samples, the annealed phenoxy/PBT blends had a homogeneous phase with a single Tg that could be enhanced by annealing at 260°C. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy demonstrated that phase homogenization could be promoted by annealing of the phenoxy/PBT blend, where alcoholytic exchange occurred between the dangling hydroxyl group in phenoxy and the carbonyl group in PBT in the heated blends. The alcoholysis reaction changes the aromatic linkages to aliphatic linkages in carbonyl groups, which initially led to the formation of a graft copolymer of phenoxy and PBT with an aliphatic/aliphatic carbonyl link. The progressive alcoholysis reaction resulted in the transformation of the initial homopolymers into block copolymers and finally into random copolymers, which promoted phase compatibilization in blends of phenoxy with PBT. Due to the fact that the amount of copolymers increased upon annealing, crystallization of PBT was inhibited by alcoholytic exchange in the blends.

Chemical Exchange Reactions in Blends of the Biodegradable Polyester with poly(hydroxy ether of bisphenol-A)

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 1246-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chean Cheng Su ◽  
Chern Hwa Chen ◽  
Neng Lang Shih ◽  
Yin Shuo Li
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Chemical Exchange ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Butylene Terephthalate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hydroxy Ether

Compatibilization via transreactions in blends of poly (butylene succinate-co-butylene terephthalate) [P(BS-co-BT)] with poly (hydroxy ether of bisphenol-A) (phenoxy) were investigated. Analyses were based on characterization using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). They revealed that the P(BS-co-BT)/phenoxy blend had a phase morphology that could be homogenized only following annealing at high temperatures. As-blended P(BS-co-BT)/phenoxy (50/50 composition) exhibited immiscible phases with two distinct Tgs, but the initially phase separated blends finally merged to form a homogeneous phase with a single Tgupon heating and annealing for 60 min at 280 °C. Chemical exchange reactions upon heat-annealing were likely to have caused the phase homogenization in the P(BS-co-BT)/phenoxy blend. NMR was performed on blend samples before and after they were heated to 280 °C, but the similarity of bonds made obtaining straight results difficult. Results of this study demonstrate phase homogenization can be brought only upon heat-annealing in the P(BS-co-BT)/phenoxy blend.

A review on aromatic poly(ester-carbonate)s and transesterification resistant polyesters

e-Polymers ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio S. Montaudo
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Great Emphasis ◽  
Random Copolymers ◽  
Butylene Terephthalate

AbstractThe review discusses poly(ester-carbonate)s (PECAs for brief), their production, characterization and their use. Great emphasis is on their production via ester-carbonate exchange and in particular on the copolymer obtained when mixing and heating poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT for brief) or poly(ethyylene terephthalate) (PET for brief) together with poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PC for brief). Some notes are added on PECAs with long polyester and /or long polycarbonate blocks and for the case of "transesterification resistant" polymers i.e. when the production of random copolymers via ester-carbonate exchange is impossible under ordinary conditions.

Recent 31 P n.m.r. studies of myocardium

1980 ◽  
Vol 289 (1037) ◽  
pp. 437-439 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Chemical Exchange ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Perfused Heart ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Biochemical State ◽  
Perfused Hearts ◽  
Kinetics Of

Earlier work from this laboratory has concerned the possible use of phosphorus n.m.r. as a method to monitor, in a non-invasive manner, the biochemical state of the perfused heart as a function of its mechanical performance. We showed that a simulated coronary infarction could be detected by 31 P n.m.r. (Hollis et al 1978 a and that hypothermia and KC1 arrest could preserve the pH and the ATP levels at more nearly normal values than in a non-arrested heart during long periods (40 min) of ischaemia (Hollis et al . 1978 b ).More recently it was shown that multiple doses of KC1, given at intervals, were more effective in this respect than was a single dose (Flaherty et al . 1979). These studies essentially followed the kinetics of transitions of the heart between two or more distinct physiological states (i.e. normoxic and ischaemic, with or without KC1 arrest) by observation of the 31 P n.m.r. spectra at various time intervals over periods of up to 1 h. As described in detail and demonstrated in Dr Truman Brown’s contribution to these discussions, the rates of chemical exchange reactions occurring in a steady state can be measured by the techniques of saturation transfer in various biological systems, including perfused hearts.

Influence of Chain Structure on Phase Behavior and Thermal Degradation of Poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/Poly(hydroxy ether) of Bisphenol-A Blends

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (10–11) ◽  
pp. 1103-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madjid Farmahini-Farahani ◽  
Seyed Hassan Jafari ◽  
Hossein Ali Khonakdar ◽  
Ahmad Yavari ◽  
Raheleh Bakhshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Trimethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Hydroxy Ether
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