scholarly journals Optimal Design of High-Strength Ti‒Al‒V‒Zr Alloys through a Combinatorial Approach

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1603
Author(s):  
Di Wu ◽  
Yueyan Tian ◽  
Ligang Zhang ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
Jinwen Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Total Elongation ◽  
Peak Hardness ◽  
Combinatorial Approach ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Lamella Thickness ◽  
Major Factors

The influence of various Zr contents (0–45 wt.%) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V alloy was investigated through a combinatorial approach. The diffusion multiples of Ti6Al4V–Ti6Al4V20Fe–Ti6Al4V20Cr–Ti6Al4V20Mo–Ti6Al4V45Zr were manufactured and diffusion-annealed to obtain a large composition space. Scanning electron microscopy, electron probe micro-analysis, and a microhardness system were combined to determine the relationships among the composition, microstructure, and hardness of these alloys. The Ti–6Al–4V–30Zr alloy was found to contain the thinnest α lath and showed peak hardness. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope results indicated that after quenching from the β-field, the metastable α″-phase formed; moreover, at the secondary aging stage, the metastable α″-phase acted as precursor nucleation sites for the stable α-phase. The bulk Ti6Al4V30Zr alloy was manufactured. After aging at 550 °C, the alloy showed excellent balance of strength and ductility, and the tensile strength was 1464 MPa with a moderate elongation (8.3%). As the aging temperature increased, the tensile strength and yield strength of the alloys rose, but the total elongation decreased. The lamella thickness and volume fraction of the α-phase were the major factors that had great impacts on the mechanical properties.

The Influence of Quenching Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of a Dual-Phase Steel with 0.094% C and 0.53% Mn

2015 ◽  
Vol 808 ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin Dulucheanu ◽  
Nicolai Bancescu ◽  
Traian Severin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Dual Phase Steel ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Total Elongation ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Quenching Temperature ◽  
Offset Yield Strength ◽  
Martensite Structure

In this article, the authors have analysed the influence of quenching temperature (TQ) on the mechanical properties of a dual-phase steel with 0.094 % C and 0.53% Mn. In order to obtain a ferrite-martensite structure, specimens of this material have been the subjected to intercritical quenching that consisted of heating at 750, 770, 790, 810 and 830 °C, maintaining for 30 minutes and cooling in water. These specimens have then been subjected to metallographic analysis and tensile test in order to determine the volume fraction of martensite (VM) in the structure, ultimate tensile strength (Rm), the 0.2% offset yield strength (Rp0.2), the total elongation (A5) and the Rp0.2/Rm ratio.

Study on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Cold-Rolled C-Mn-Si-Al TRIP Steel

2010 ◽  
Vol 146-147 ◽  
pp. 678-681
Author(s):  
Zheng You Tang ◽  
Hua Ding
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Trip Steel ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Total Elongation ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Microstructures And Mechanical Properties

The effect of the partial substitution of Si by Al on the microstructures and the mechanical properties of cold rolled C-Mn-Si TRIP steel was investigated. The results show that the partial substitution of Si by Al could refine the microstructures, increase the volume fraction of ferrite and retained austenite. In addition, the excellent mechanical properties of the Al partial substituted TRIP steel could be obtained, the tensile strength, total elongation and strength-ductility of C-Mn-Si-Al TRIP steel are 739MPa, 38% and 28082MPa%, respectively.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TRIP-Aided Steels with Different Heat Treatments

2015 ◽  
Vol 817 ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Dong ◽  
Ai Min Zhao ◽  
Ran Ding ◽  
Jian Guo He ◽  
Han Jiang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Total Elongation ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Soft Matrix ◽  
Significant Difference

The microstructures, mechanical properties and retained austenite characteristics of TRIP-aided steels with three different heat treatments were studied in this paper. The results indicated that the designed annealing treatments resulted in completely different matrices and the morphologies of second phase, and a significant difference in mechanical properties. The TAM steel was found to have fine annealed martensite lath matrix and inter lath acicular retained austenite, and possessed an excellent combination of strength and elongation which attributed to the highest retained austenite volume fraction and carbon concentration. For TPF steel, the higher instability and lower carbon content of retained austenite and the soft matrix resulted in the lowest ultimate tensile strength and total elongation. While in TBF steel, the stability of retained austenite was lower than that in TAM steel but higher than that in TPF steel. The ultimate tensile strength of TBF was significantly higher than the TAM and TPF steels, but the ductility of TBF steel was lower than TAM steel.

scholarly journals Correlation between Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Heat-Treated Ti–6Al–4V with Fe Alloying

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongwei Liu ◽  
Fuwen Chen ◽  
Guanglong Xu ◽  
Yuwen Cui ◽  
Hui Chang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Phase Interface ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
High Aging Temperature ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties

The microstructure and mechanical properties of a newly developed Fe-microalloyed Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy were investigated after different heat treatments. The volume fraction and the morphological features of the lamellar α phase had significant effects on the alloy’s mechanical performance. A dataset showing the relationship between microstructural features and tensile strength, elongation, and fracture toughness was developed. A high aging temperature resulted in high plasticity and fracture toughness, but relatively low strength. The high strength favored the fine α and the slender β. The high aspect ratio of lamellar α led to high strength but low fracture toughness. The alloy with ~84 vol % α exhibited the highest strength and lowest fracture toughness because the area of its α/β-phase interface was the highest. Optimal comprehensive mechanical performance and heat-treatment procedures were thus obtained from the dataset. Optimal tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and fracture toughness were 999 and 919 MPa, 10.4%, and 94.4 MPa·m1/2, respectively.

scholarly journals Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mo-Nb microalloyed medium Manganese trip Steel by cyclic quenching

10.30544/426 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunquan Liu ◽  
Qichun Peng ◽  
Zhengliang Xue
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Trip Steel ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Total Elongation ◽  
Reverse Transformation ◽  
Comprehensive Properties ◽  
Cyclic Quenching ◽  
Strength And Ductility

A novel cyclic quenching (CQ) and austenite reverse transformation (ART) was proposed for a Fe-0.25C-3.98Mn-1.22Al-0.20Si-0.19Mo-0.03Nb (wt.%) Mo-Nb microalloyed medium-Mn TRIP steel to improve strength and ductility. The results show that after twice cyclic quenching and ART exhibited optimum comprehensive properties, characterized by an ultimate tensile strength of 838 MPa, a total elongation of 90.8%, a product of strength and elongation (PSE) of 76.1 GPa·%, and the volume fraction of austenite of approximately 62 vol.%.

scholarly journals A Novel Cyclic-Quenching-ART for Stabilizing Austenite in Nb–Mo Micro-Alloyed Medium-Mn Steel

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunquan Liu ◽  
Qichun Peng ◽  
Zhengliang Xue ◽  
Chengwei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Total Elongation ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Medium Mn Steel ◽  
Cyclic Quenching ◽  
Mn Steel

In the context of obtaining an excellent elongation and tensile-strength combination in the third generation of advanced high strength steel, we emphasized the practical significance of adjusting the retained austenite fraction and stability in medium-Mn steel to obtain better mechanical properties. A novel cyclic quenching and austenite reverse transformation (CQ-ART) was used to obtain a large retained austenite content in Fe-0.25C-3.98Mn-1.22Al-0.20Si-0.19Mo-0.03Nb (wt.%) Nb–Mo micro-alloyed medium-Mn steel. The results show that after twice cyclic quenching and ART, the alloy exhibited optimum comprehensive properties, characterized by an ultimate tensile strength of 838 MPa, a total elongation of 90.8%, a product of strength and elongation of 76.1 GPa%, and the volume fraction of austenite of approximately 62 vol.%. The stability of retained austenite was significantly improved with the increasing of the number of cyclic quenching. Moreover, the effects of CQ-ART on the microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, C/Mn partitioning behavior, and austenite stability were investigated. Further, the strengthening effect of microalloying elements Nb–Mo was also discussed.

Effect of Retrogression Medium to the Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloy 7075

2012 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ng Guan Yao ◽  
Bin Abd Rashid Mohd Warikh ◽  
Buang Zolkepli ◽  
N. Nadiah ◽  
S.C. Leng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Aluminum Alloy 7075

Aluminum alloy 7075 is a useful material in industry due to its light weight, high strength, and resistance to general corrosion properties. The drawback of this alloy is its susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). From the previous research, it was found that retrogression and re-aging (RRA) heat treatment is able to improve the SCC resistance of this alloy. In this study, the mechanical properties and microstructure alteration due to RRA was studied. First, the tensile specimens are heat treated to T6 and then retrogressed at 165/185/205°C for 10/30 minutes followed by re-aging at 120°C for 24 hours. The retrogression methods are categorized as standard retrogression and oil retrogression. Next, the specimens were gone through tensile test, hardness test, and microstructure characterization by using SEM. From the mechanical test result, the tensile strength and hardness of the alloy decreased upon the increment of retrogression temperature and time. The highest tensile strength of 638.48 MPa was observed at oil retrogress sample at 165°C for 10 minutes which is slight higher than T6 sample. Besides, different phases of precipitation were reviewed by the Kellers etching process. Also, the volume fraction of η phase is increased upon increasing the retrogression temperature and time.

Mechanical Properties of Ultra-Fine Grained Fe-Cr-Ni Alloy Fabricated by ARB

2007 ◽  
Vol 26-28 ◽  
pp. 413-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taro Maekawa ◽  
Hiromoto Kitahara ◽  
Nobuhiro Tsuji
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Lath Martensite ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Lamellar Spacing ◽  
Total Elongation ◽  
Austenitic Phase ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Ni Alloy ◽  
Martensite Structure

Microstructures and mechanical properties of Fe-15wt.%Cr-10wt.%Ni alloy ARB processed by various cycles were studied. The starting material showed lath martensite structure. However, the austenitic phase became stable by the high straining (ARB) above Af temperature. The volume fraction of austenitic phase greatly increased to around 90 % by 2 ARB cycles and nearly saturated at about 95 % after higher ARB cycles. The grain refinement progressed during the ARB, which leaded to the formation of ultrafine lamellar UFG austenitic microstructure with mean lamellar spacing of about 300 nm. The UFG Fe-Cr-Ni alloy performed both high strength and large elongation. Especially, the yield strength of the alloy ARB processed by 5 cycles reached to 900 MPa, and the total elongation was 40 %. The good ductility of the present specimens was attributed to the occurrence of transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP).

scholarly journals Heat Treatment Evaluation for the Camshafts Production of ADI Low Alloyed with Vanadium

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1036
Author(s):  
Eduardo Colin García ◽  
Alejandro Cruz Ramírez ◽  
Guillermo Reyes Castellanos ◽  
José Federico Chávez Alcalá ◽  
Jaime Téllez Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Energy Impact ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Mold Casting ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Good Agreement

Ductile iron camshafts low alloyed with 0.2 and 0.3 wt % vanadium were produced by one of the largest manufacturers of the ductile iron camshafts in México “ARBOMEX S.A de C.V” by a phenolic urethane no-bake sand mold casting method. During functioning, camshafts are subject to bending and torsional stresses, and the lobe surfaces are highly loaded. Thus, high toughness and wear resistance are essential for this component. In this work, two austempering ductile iron heat treatments were evaluated to increase the mechanical properties of tensile strength, hardness, and toughness of the ductile iron camshaft low alloyed with vanadium. The austempering process was held at 265 and 305 °C and austempering times of 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. The volume fraction of high-carbon austenite was determined for the heat treatment conditions by XRD measurements. The ausferritic matrix was determined in 90 min for both austempering temperatures, having a good agreement with the microstructural and hardness evolution as the austempering time increased. The mechanical properties of tensile strength, hardness, and toughness were evaluated from samples obtained from the camshaft and the standard Keel block. The highest mechanical properties were obtained for the austempering heat treatment of 265 °C for 90 min for the ADI containing 0.3 wt % V. The tensile and yield strength were 1200 and 1051 MPa, respectively, while the hardness and the energy impact values were of 47 HRC and 26 J; these values are in the range expected for an ADI grade 3.

scholarly journals Design of Low-Cost and High-Strength Titanium Alloys Using Pseudo-Spinodal Mechanism through Diffusion Couple Technology and CALPHAD

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2910
Author(s):  
Chaoyi Ding ◽  
Chun Liu ◽  
Ligang Zhang ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Libin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Couple ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Cr System

The high cost of development and raw materials have been obstacles to the widespread use of titanium alloys. In the present study, the high-throughput experimental method of diffusion couple combined with CALPHAD calculation was used to design and prepare the low-cost and high-strength Ti-Al-Cr system titanium alloy. The results showed that ultra-fine α phase was obtained in Ti-6Al-10.9Cr alloy designed through the pseudo-spinodal mechanism, and it has a high yield strength of 1437 ± 7 MPa. Furthermore, application of the 3D strength model of Ti-6Al-xCr alloy showed that the strength of the alloy depended on the volume fraction and thickness of the α phase. The large number of α/β interfaces produced by ultra-fine α phase greatly improved the strength of the alloy but limited its ductility. Thus, we have demonstrated that the pseudo-spinodal mechanism combined with high-throughput diffusion couple technology and CALPHAD was an efficient method to design low-cost and high-strength titanium alloys.

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