scholarly journals How Useful Is a Distributed Ledger for Tracking and Tracing in Supply Chains? A Systems Thinking Approach

Logistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Christian Straubert ◽  
Eric Sucky
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Systems Thinking ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
The Status

Background: The use of blockchain technology for tracking and tracing (T&T) in supply chains is the subject of lively debate in scientific literature. However, distributed ledger technology (DLT) does not have to have the characteristic blockchain structure and often performs better without such a structure. Generalized DLT for T&T in supply chains has rarely been discussed in the existing literature. Methods: This article presents an exploratory case study research of eight companies to identify the main goals, and problems that the companies have when they engage in T&T. This practical perspective is complemented by a theoretical systems thinking perspective. Based on these two foundations, we discuss the usefulness of blockchain technology and, more generally, DLT for T&T in supply chains. Results: Based on our analysis, DLT is only necessary in special cases, e.g., when the owners of the data have an interest in deleting the data, but the data stakeholders do not. In the other cases examined, DLT competes with other technologies, such as conventional, centralized databases in combination with digital signatures. Furthermore, it became evident that DLT can only be useful for supply chain tracing. The technological features of DLT do not provide any benefit for supply chain tracking, i.e., the timely communication of the status of a physical good. Conclusions: Distributed ledgers often have a disadvantage in that they are very complex and, therefore, expensive. DLT should preferably only be used when it is technologically necessary or the simplest/cheapest choice, which is probably not all that often. Finally, the usefulness of distributed ledger technology and its integrated smart contract technology is highly dependent on how easy it is to link the real physical world to a digital record/contract in an error-free and tamper-proof way. Currently, such a definite link exists only in very few cases and is often impossible.

scholarly journals Overview on the Blockchain-Based Supply Chain Systematics and Their Scalability Tools

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 45-69
Author(s):  
Houssein Hellani ◽  
Layth Sliman ◽  
Abed Ellatif Samhat ◽  
Ernesto Exposito
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Supply Chain System ◽  
Time To Market ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Transaction Fees ◽  
Tools And Techniques

Modern IT technologies shaped the shift in economic models with many advantages on cost, optimization, and time to market. This economic shift has increased the need for transparency and traceability in supply chain platforms to achieve trust among partners. Distributed ledger technology (DLT) is proposed to enable supply chains systems with trust requirements. In this paper, we investigate the existing DLT-based supply chain projects to show their technical part and limitations and extract the tools and techniques used to avoid the DLT scalability issue. We then set the requirements for a typical DLT-based supply chain in this context. The analyses are based on the scalability metrics such as computing, data storage, and transaction fees that fit the typical supply chain system. This paper highlights the effects of Blockchain techniques on scalability and their incorporation in supply chains systems. It also presents other existing solutions that can be applied to the supply chain. The investigation shows the necessity of having such tools in supply chains and developing them to achieve an efficient and scalable system. The paper calls for further scalability enhancements throughout introducing new tools and/or reutilize the current ones. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-SP1-04 Full Text: PDF

SOLVING LOGISTICS PROBLEMS AND OPTIMIZING SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT USING BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
M. E. FILKIN ◽  
◽  
M. A. BOZHKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Sales Management ◽  
Business Practice ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Critical Problems

The article is devoted to the analysis of the advantages and risks of using distributed ledger technology in the tasks of logistics and supply chain management. The specificity of the blockchain system makes it possible to solve a number of critical problems of sales management in an enterprise, and, apparently, in one form or another, it will be introduced into economic and business practice. The use of technology will require a number of economic, legal and technological solutions, as well as taking into account new types of risks.

scholarly journals An ISM Modeling of Barriers for Blockchain/Distributed Ledger Technology Adoption in Supply Chains towards Cybersecurity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4672
Author(s):  
Niloofar Etemadi ◽  
Pieter Van Gelder ◽  
Fernanda Strozzi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Supply Chain Risk Management ◽  
Supply Chain Risk ◽  
Interpretive Structural Modeling ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology

Over the last few years, the increasing level of cyber risks derived from the growing connectedness of Industry 4.0 has led to the emergence of blockchain technology as a major innovation in supply chain cybersecurity. The main purpose of this study is to identify and rank the significant barriers affecting the implementation of blockchain technology as a key component of cyber supply chain risk management (CSCRM). This research relied on the “interpretive structural modeling (ISM)” technique in the structure of a hierarchical model to investigate the contextual relationships of identified challenges for blockchain adoption in CSCRM; it also classifies the influential challenges based on their driving and dependence powers. The results highlight that “cryptocurrency volatility” is the challenge at the top level of the hierarchy, implying weak driving power but it is strongly dependent on the other challenges. “Poor regulatory provisions”, “technology immaturity”, “dependent on input information from external oracles”, “scalability and bandwidth issues”, and “smart contract issues” are significant challenges for the adoption of blockchain in cyber supply chain risk management and are located at the bottom level of the hierarchy with higher driving power. The implications for theory and practice of the research are also highlighted.

scholarly journals Enhancing Agricultural Product Supply Chain Management Using Blockchain Technology: Concept

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Jawale ◽  
A B Pawar
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Direct Benefit ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Entire Procedure

In traditional agricultural supply chain management, due to involvement of many stakeholders in the entire procedure ranging from farmers, retailers to final vendors, it is merely the producer of the agricultural products i.e., farmers get its direct benefit. The middle stakeholders are always more beneficial than farmers and hence, the conditions of farmers are always the same though they sometimes get good earning and it is becoming a very serious concern in India. The major reason behind it, the transparency and traceability of the entire supply chain of this agricultural products journey from farm to vendor shop. In addition, consumers are becoming more conscious of where their food and food products come from. Block chains have distributed ledger technology (DLT) which has potential to provide transparency and trust for agricultural product supply chains at its different stages and even useful for improving its efficiency. This can boost confidence of all stakeholders who are involved in this farming supply chain. This research paper proposes the same concept in its subsequent sections.

scholarly journals The Effect of Blockchain Technology on Supply Chain Sustainability Performances

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1726
Author(s):  
Arim Park ◽  
Huan Li
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Equity ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Sustainability Performance ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Improve Supply Chain

Improving supply chain sustainability is an essential part of achieving the UN’s sustainable goals. Digitalization, such as blockchain technology, shows the potential to reshape supply chain management. Using distributed ledger technology, the blockchain platform provides a digital system and database to record the transactions along the supply chain. This decentralized database of transactions brings transparency, reliability, traceability, and efficiency to the supply chain management. This paper focuses on such novel blockchain-based supply chain management and its sustainability performances in the areas of environmental protection, social equity, and governance efficiency. Using a systematic literature review and two case studies, we evaluate whether the three sustainability indicators can be improved indirectly along supply chains based on blockchain technology. Our study shows that blockchain technology has the potential to improve supply chain sustainability performance, and we expect blockchain technology to rise in popularity in supply chain management.

From Supply Chain Management to Blockchain-Based Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
G. V. Zubakov ◽  
O D. Protsenko ◽  
I. O. Protsenko
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Mutual Trade ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Supply Chain Management System ◽  
The Government

The presented study addresses the current problems in the implementation of the distributed ledger (blockchain) technology in supply chain management mechanisms in the context of the digital economy. Aim. The study aims to analyze the application of the blockchain technology in modern economic processes from the perspective of logistics.Tasks. The authors consider the possibility of using the blockchain technology in the supply chain management system and explore ways to use the findings of the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) in the fieldof digital economy to organize information standardization processes within the supply chains of foreign and mutual trade.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to examine approaches to the implementation of the blockchain technology in transport and logistics processes and to find opportunities for the implementation of smart contracts to ensure the traceability of the entire chain of commodity and information fl ws.Results. Implementation of the distributed ledger (blockchain) technology in the logistics processes of foreign and mutual trade increases the transparency of information fl ws and the speed of decisionmaking. This technology would allow the parties to negotiate directly, minimizing potential risks and the time required to approve a supply deal.Conclusions. The authors consider the possibility of using a systematic approach to the digitalization of transport and logistics processes and the subsequent standardization of information interaction at the B2B, B2G, and G2G levels, segmented by separate fields of transport and foreign trade and individual economic sectors. As a conclusion, the study assesses the prospects of the practical implementation of blockchain mechanisms in the creation of industrial platforms — digital platforms that provide integrated services for businesses and the government using a single window system.

scholarly journals Distributed Interoperable Records: The Key to Better Supply Chain Management

Computers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Annegret Henninger ◽  
Atefeh Mashatan
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Global Supply Chain ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future State ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology

The global supply chain is a network of interconnected processes that create, use, and exchange records, but which were not designed to interact with one another. As such, the key to unlocking the full potential of supply chain management (SCM) technologies is achieving interoperability across participating records systems and networks. We review existing research and solutions using distributed ledger technology (DLT) and provide a survey of its current state of practice. We additionally propose a holistic solution: a DLT-based interoperable future state that could enable the interoperable, efficient, reliable, and secure exchange of records with integrity. Finally, we provide a gap analysis between our proposed future state and the current state, which also serves as a gap analysis for many fractional DLT-based SCM solutions and research.

scholarly journals Research on the Application of Blockchain Technology in the Management of Financial Transfer Payment

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 01065
Author(s):  
Zhang Jiangen ◽  
Xing Shuxia ◽  
Qi meng
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Personal Computer ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Payment System ◽  
Transfer Payment ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Status ◽  
Adaptation Scenarios ◽  
Great Development ◽  
Financial Transfer

Blockchain technology is considered to be a subversive innovation of computing mode after mainframe, personal computer and Internet. In the financial, medical, supply chain and other industries show great development potential. As an important part of financial management, financial transfer payment system is an important part of modern financial system. This paper combines blockchain technology with the management of financial transfer payment, analyzes the adaptation scenarios of blockchain technology, summarizes the status and development bottleneck of financial transfer payment informatization, tries to establish a financial transfer payment system based on blockchain technology, describes the advantages of blockchain technology in supporting the management of financial transfer payment, and puts forward suggestions on the possible problems.

Supply chain, geographical indicator and blockchain: provenance model for commodity

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohita Gangwar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Value Distribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Right ◽  
Theory Framework

PurposeMany commodity supply chains suffer from an unfair value distribution across the supply chain like “Coffee Paradox.” This study explores the coffee supply chain to determine how the country of origin–geographical indicator can be used as a method of fair distribution of value and provenance across the supply chain effectuated by the blockchain technology. By looking at an exemplar case study for India, this study provides insights into diverse research streams and practice.Design/methodology/approachBased on the case method, analyzing the implementation of blockchain in the coffee industry by a leading Indian software implementation of the logic, dynamics and forces for a provenance model has been devised. It further adopts a stakeholder cum institutional theory framework to understand the logical implementation of a blockchain project embedded in a territorial logic for a commodity supply chain.FindingsThis study specifically looks at coffee which is representative of a commodity supply chain. It also explores how the malaise of unfair value distribution gets addressed by bringing farmers and the consumers on a common platform facilitated by blockchain technology. This study contributes to the literature on blockchain, territory, commodity and supply chain. Using stakeholder cum institutional theory, this study helps to explore how the implementation is successful by different actors in the supply chain through collaboration.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides a new stream of multi-disciplinary study at the interface of supply chain, technology, international trade and geography.Practical implicationsBlockchains are embedded in the supply chain, and supply chains are embedded in territories. This linkage is paramount and the ability to make these blockchain projects successful requires the deep study of the interaction of territory, technology and actors from the provenance angle. De-commodification of coffee can be actualized through blockchain.Social implicationsThe coffee paradox and skewed value distribution is also a social problem wherein the farmers do not get the right price of their produce and are exploited. This case also highlights how this social malaise can be addressed and rightful and equitable distribution of value happens across the value chain.Originality/valueThis linkage between territory, blockchain, commodity supply chain and institutions has not been discussed in the literature. Adopting the territorial design approach, this study is an attempt to stimulate inter-disciplinary conversations and thereby create a provenance framework for commodity and research questions for scholars from different disciplines and divergent disciplinary perspectives.

Distributed Trust Using Blockchain for Efficient Pharmaceutical Supply Chain

2019 ◽  
pp. 248-268
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Nageswar ◽  
Siva Yellampalli
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Enterprise Value ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Business Excellence ◽  
Counterfeit Products ◽  
High Level ◽  
Last Mile Delivery

With traditional ERP systems, there is a lack of networking among suppliers, partners, and logistics providers. So, there is a need to have a holistic view of production and movement of goods from production to last mile delivery. The physical and digital supply chains need to be integrated to ensure secure supply chains that promote business excellence, collaboration among stakeholders, and reduce costs. The high-level view over their supply chains allows them to function better in a multi-channel world. It also helps them identify where to reduce stock without compromising customer service. Otherwise, it leads to a delay in delivery, counterfeit products, thefts, fraud, and cyberpiracy, which may lead to lawsuits and losing of brand image. The tacit function of supply chain management is to provide tracking of specific goods in the supply chain. So, it is imperative to leverage the blockchain technology stack to map multi-enterprise value networks and enable connected multi-modal networks.

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