scholarly journals Is There a Link between COVID-19 Infection, Periodontal Disease and Acute Myocardial Infarction?

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1050
Author(s):  
Ioana-Patricia Rodean ◽  
Carmen-Ioana Biriș ◽  
Vasile-Bogdan Halațiu ◽  
Andrei Modiga ◽  
Luminița Lazăr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Atheromatous Plaque ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Chronic Disorders ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Both periodontal disease and atherosclerosis are chronic disorders with an inflammatory substrate that leads to alteration of the host’s immune response. In PD, inflammation is responsible for bone tissue destruction, while in atherosclerosis, it leads to atheromatous plaque formation. These modifications result from the action of pro-inflammatory cytokines that are secreted both locally at gingival or coronary sites, and systemically. Recently, it was observed that in patients with PD or with cardiovascular disease, COVID-19 infection is prone to be more severe. While the association between PD, inflammation and cardiovascular disease is well-known, the impact of COVID-19-related inflammation on the systemic complications of these conditions has not been established yet. The purpose of this review is to bring light upon the latest advances in understanding the link between periodontal–cardiovascular diseases and COVID-19 infection.

IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS ROLE IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-783
Author(s):  
Victor A. Ognev ◽  
Anna A. Podpriadova ◽  
Anna V. Lisova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
The Impact

Introduction:The high level of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease is largely due toinsufficient influence on the main risk factors that contribute to the development of myocardial infarction.Therefore, a detailed study and assessment of risk factors is among the most important problems of medical and social importance. The aim: To study and evaluate the impact of biological, social and hygienic, social and economic, psychological, natural and climatic risk factors on the development of myocardial infarction. Materials and methods: A sociological survey was conducted in 500 people aged 34 to 85. They were divided into two groups. The main group consisted of 310 patients with myocardial infarction. The control group consisted of 190 practically healthy people, identical by age, gender and other parameters, without diseases of the cardiovascular system. Results: It was defined that 30 factors have a significant impact on the development of myocardial infarction.Data analysis revealed that the leading risk factors for myocardial infarction were biological and socio-hygienic. The main biological factors were: hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. The man socio-hygienic factor was smoking. Conclusions: Identification of risk factors provides new opportunities for the development of more effective approaches for the prevention and treatment of myocardial infarction.

scholarly journals Nexus between COVID-19 and periodontal disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 030006052110026
Author(s):  
Kanchana Sukumar ◽  
Anupama Tadepalli
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Multifactorial Disease ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Appropriate Care ◽  
Bacterial Stimulation ◽  
Plaque Control ◽  
Disease Understanding ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Over the past several decades, studies have demonstrated the existence of bi-directional relationships between periodontal disease and systemic conditions. Periodontitis is a polymicrobial and multifactorial disease involving both host and environmental factors. Tissue destruction is primarily associated with hyperresponsiveness of the host resulting in release of inflammatory mediators. Pro-inflammatory cytokines play a major role in bacterial stimulation and tissue destruction. In addition, these cytokines are thought to underlie the associations between periodontitis and systemic conditions. Current research suggests that increased release of cytokines from host cells, referred to as the cytokine storm, is associated with disease progression in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). An intersection between periodontitis and pulmonary disease is biologically plausible. Hence, we reviewed the evidence linking COVID-19, cytokines, and periodontal disease. Plaque control is essential to prevent exchange of bacteria between the mouth and the lungs, reducing the risk of lung disease. Understanding these associations may help identify individuals at high risk and deliver appropriate care at early stages.

scholarly journals The Diagnostic Value of Mir-133a in ST Elevation and Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-Analysis

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 793
Author(s):  
Yehuda Wexler ◽  
Udi Nussinovitch
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve ◽  
St Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
St Elevation ◽  
The Impact

Numerous studies have reported correlations between plasma microRNA signatures and cardiovascular disease. MicroRNA-133a (Mir-133a) has been researched extensively for its diagnostic value in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). While initial results seemed promising, more recent studies cast doubt on the diagnostic utility of Mir-133a, calling its clinical prospects into question. Here, the diagnostic potential of Mir-133a was analyzed using data from multiple papers. Medline, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched for publications containing “Cardiovascular Disease”, “MicroRNA”, “Mir-133a” and their synonyms. Diagnostic performance was assessed using area under the summary receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC), while examining the impact of age, sex, final diagnosis, and time. Of the 753 identified publications, 9 were included in the quantitative analysis. The pooled AUC for Mir-133a was 0.73. Analyses performed separately on studies using healthy vs. symptomatic controls yielded pooled AUCs of 0.89 and 0.68, respectively. Age and sex were not found to significantly affect diagnostic performance. Our findings indicate that control characteristics and methodological inconsistencies are likely the causes of incongruent reports, and that Mir-133a may have limited use in distinguishing symptomatic patients from those suffering AMI. Lastly, we hypothesized that Mir-133a may find a new use as a risk stratification biomarker in patients with specific subsets of non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).

The Effect of Plaque Morphology on Cap Stresses in Coronary Arteries

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Akyildiz ◽  
L. Speelman ◽  
H. Nieuwstadt ◽  
R. Virmani ◽  
J. Wentzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Plaque Morphology

Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease characterized by plaque formation in the vessel wall. The region of an atherosclerotic plaque separating its pathological content from the lumen is called cap. Cap rupture initiates thrombus formation and may lead to myocardial infarction and sudden death [1].

scholarly journals Associations among Periodontitis, Calcified Carotid Artery Atheromas, and Risk of Myocardial Infarction

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Gustafsson ◽  
J. Ahlqvist ◽  
U. Näslund ◽  
K. Buhlin ◽  
A. Gustafsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Index Score ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Increased Risk

Cardiovascular disease is a common cause of morbidity and premature mortality. Cardiovascular disease can be prevented when risk factors are identified early. Calcified carotid artery atheromas (CCAAs), detected in panoramic radiographs, and periodontitis have both been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This case-control study aimed to 1) investigate associations between periodontitis and CCAA detected in panoramic radiographs and 2) determine the risk of future myocardial infarctions due to CCAA combined with periodontitis. We evaluated 1,482 participants (738 cases and 744 controls) with periodontitis and CCAAs recruited from the PAROKRANK study (Periodontitis and Its Relation to Coronary Artery Disease). Participants were examined with panoramic radiographs, including the carotid regions. Associations between myocardial infarction and periodontitis combined with CCAA were evaluated in 696 cases and 696 age-, sex-, and residential area–matched controls. Periodontitis was evaluated radiographically (as degree of bone loss) and with a clinical periodontal disease index score (from clinical and radiographic assessments). We found associations between CCAA and clinical periodontal disease index score among cases (odds ratio [OR], 1.51; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.10; P = 0.02) and controls (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.38; P < 0.01), although not between CCAA and the degree of bone loss. In a multivariable model, myocardial infarction was associated with CCAA combined with periodontitis, as assessed by degree of bone loss (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.74; P = 0.01). When the cohort was stratified by sex, only men showed a significant association between myocardial infarction and CCAA combined with periodontitis. Participants with clinically diagnosed periodontitis exhibited CCAA in panoramic radiographs more often than those without periodontitis, irrespective of the presence of a recent myocardial infarction. Participants with combined periodontitis and CCAA had a higher risk of having had myocardial infarction as compared with participants with either condition alone. These findings implied that patients in dental care might benefit from dentists assessing panoramic radiographs for CCAA—particularly, patients with periodontitis who have not received any preventive measures for cardiovascular disease.

Awareness of Periodontal Medicine among Medical Students at a Tertiary Care Center

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
Junima Rajkarnikar ◽  
Jemish Acharya ◽  
Karnika Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tertiary Care Center ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Periodontal Medicine

Introduction: Tissue destruction of supporting periodontal tissues is mediated by an overreactive immune inflammatory response to bacteria in the subgingival environment. Tissue destruction in periodontitis occurs by the stimulatory action of pro inflammatory cytokines and proteolytic enzymes released by neutrophils, macrophages, and the action of bone resorption mediators, all of which are being regulated by B and T cells. Periodontitis act as a focus of infection and bacteria metastases through blood stream to various vital organs like heart, lungs, joints and amniotic fluid. Objective: To assess the awareness of periodontal medicine among medical students at a tertiary care center in Kathmandu. Methods: A total of 115 subjects were taken for the present study. Data was collected using a questionnaire which included questions used to assess the knowledge about periodontal diseases and its possible effects on systemic conditions. Results: Out of the total participants, 58 (50.4%) said that periodontal disease was not related to coronary heart diseases. Only 14 (12.2%) had an idea about the association of pre-term birth and periodontitis. While 86 (74.8%) knew the impact of diabetes on periodontium, only 34 (29.6%) said that there was an association between periodontitis and hospital acquired pneumonia. Conclusion: Knowledge about the association of periodontal disease with various systemic conditions is not satisfactory among the various medical students of this hospital.

scholarly journals Relation between ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein, diabetes and periodontal disease in patients with and without myocardial infarction

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francina Escobar Arregoces ◽  
Catalina Latorre Uriza ◽  
Juliana Velosa Porras ◽  
Maria Beatriz Ferro Camargo ◽  
Alvaro Ruiz Morales
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of diabetes and periodontal disease in us-CRP, an inflammatory marker in patients with and without acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Subjects and methods: A case-control study was conducted in 401 subjects aged between 30 and 75 years, living in Bogotá D.C. (Colombia). Patients arriving at the emergency room of the San Ignacio University Hospital with AMI were included into the case group. The control group was defined as those subjects without AMI. The following blood tests were performed: complete blood count (CBC), glycemia, total cholesterol, triglycerides, cHDL, cLDL, and us-CRP. Patients with infections or antibiotic treatment within the last three months, who had received periodontal treatment within the six months prior to the study entry, had oral ulcerations, or less than seven teeth were excluded from the study. Periodontal disease was diagnosed based on the 1999 Armitage’s classification. Results: The mean us-CRP value found in diabetic patients with severe chronic periodontitis was 5.31 mg/L (SD 6.82), and 2.38 mg/L (SD 4.42) in non-diabetic patients, being statistically significant (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Diabetes had an impact in periodontal disease and us-CRP. In patients with AMI, DM and PD considerably increased the us-CRP.

scholarly journals 1462. The protective effect of pneumococcal vaccination on cardiovascular disease in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S733-S733
Author(s):  
Fawziah Marra ◽  
Angel Zhang ◽  
Emma Gillman ◽  
Katherine Bessai ◽  
Kamalpreet Parhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Cardiovascular Event ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background Epidemiological studies suggest a link between pneumococcal infection and an adverse cardiovascular outcome such as myocardial infarction. Therefore, studies have evaluated the protective effect of the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccination (PPV23), but results have varied. We conducted a meta-analysis to summarize the available evidence on the impact of PPV23 on cardiovascular disease Methods A literature search from January 1946 to September 2019 was conducted in Embase, Medline and Cochrane. All studies evaluating PPV23 compared to a control (placebo, no vaccine or another vaccine) for any cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure, cerebrovascular events were included. Risk ratios (RRs) were pooled using random effects models. Results Eighteen studies were included, with a total of 716,108 participants. Vaccination with PPV23 was associated with decreased risk of any cardiovascular event (RR: 0.91;95% CI: 0.84-0.99), and MI (RR of 0.88; 95% CI:0.79-0.98) in all age groups, with a significant effect in those 65 years and older, but not in the younger age group. Similarly, PPV23 vaccine was associated with significant risk reduction in all-cause mortality in all ages (RR: 0.78; 95%CI: 0.68-0.88), specifically in those aged 65 years and older (RR: 0.71; 95%CI: 0.60-0.84). A significant risk reduction in cerebrovascular disease was not observed following pneumococcal vaccination. Conclusion Polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccination decreases the risk of a cardiovascular event, specifically acute MI in the vaccinated population, particularly those 65 years of age and older. It would be highly beneficial to vaccinate the population who is at greater risk for cardiovascular diseases. Disclosures Fawziah Marra, BSc (Pharm), PharmD, Pfizer Inc (Research Grant or Support) Nirma Khatri Vadlamudi, BA, BS, MPH, Pfizer Inc (Research Grant or Support)

scholarly journals A A Scenario-based Modelling Study of the Prevention of Myocardial Infarction in Iran : A Scenario-based and Modeling Study on the Prevention of Heart Attack in Iran

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
Healthcare Interventions ◽  
Five Phases ◽  
The Impact

Background and Objectives: Globally, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of mortality. In this regard, this study aimed to provide policies for the management of CVD by focusing on the reduction of myocardial infarction (MI) mortality rate in Iran. Materials and Methods: The sequential mixed methods design will be employed to foresight the prevalence of MI in Iran in the next 10 years. This study consists of five phases and in the first phase, the risk factors of cardiovascular disease will be investigated using a systematic review. In the second phase, the uncertainty and impact of those factors will be demonstrated by the experts. Moreover, the impact/uncertainty grid will be used to identify the drivers that are less important and critical uncertainties. In the third phase, the cross-impact matrix will be developed by Scenario wizard, and the scenario logic and the scenarios will be developed. Once the scenario logic is established, details can be added to the scenarios. The next phase consists of statistical estimations of the rate of mortality due to heart attack using artificial neural networks. Finally, the policies will be developed based on the opinions of the panel of experts. The initial results will be published in mid-2020. Results: This future study will develop policies to prevent from MI with scenario-based and modeling approaches. The findings can be useful for healthcare professionals and it can improve our understanding of the future of MI to enhance the management of MI patients. Conclusion: The obtained policies will help policymakers to make evidence-based decisions, re-design structures, and processes of healthcare interventions, and also plan to decrease MI mortality rate.

scholarly journals COPD and acute myocardial infarction

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (156) ◽  
pp. 190139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurien Goedemans ◽  
Jeroen J. Bax ◽  
Victoria Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Function ◽  
Shared Risk ◽  
The Impact

COPD is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, in particular acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Besides shared risk factors, COPD-related factors, such as systemic inflammation and hypoxia, underlie the pathophysiological interaction between COPD and AMI. The prevalence of COPD amongst AMI populations ranges from 7% to 30%, which is possibly even an underestimation due to underdiagnoses of COPD in general. Following the acute event, patients with COPD have an increased risk of mortality, heart failure and arrhythmias during follow-up. Adequate risk stratification can be performed using various imaging techniques, evaluating cardiac size and function after AMI. Conventional imaging techniques such as echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging have already indicated impaired cardiac function in patients with COPD without known cardiovascular disease. Advanced imaging techniques such as speckle-tracking echocardiography and T1 mapping could provide more insight into cardiac structure and function after AMI and have proven to be of prognostic value. Future research is required to better understand the impact of AMI on patients with COPD in order to provide effective secondary prevention. The present article summarises the current knowledge on the pathophysiologic factors involved in the interaction between COPD and AMI, the prevalence and outcomes of AMI in patients with COPD and the role of imaging in the acute phase and risk stratification after AMI in patients with COPD.

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