scholarly journals The Impact of Cultivation Management and Weed Control Systems of Very Early Potato on Weed Infestation, Biodiversity, and Health Safety of Tubers

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 826
Author(s):  
Dominika Skiba ◽  
Barbara Sawicka ◽  
Piotr Pszczółkowski ◽  
Piotr Barbaś ◽  
Barbara Krochmal-Marczak
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Early Potato ◽  
Early Variety ◽  
Herbicide Residues ◽  
Maximum Residue Level ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the research was to determine the impact of potato cultivation management and weeding systems on weed infestation and to evaluate the possibility of using biomarkers to assess consumer exposure to herbicide residues in potato tubers. The experiment was carried out in 2016–2018 in Central-Eastern Poland. The subject of research was the very early variety Lord. The experiment was established using the randomized block method in a split-plot design. The first order factor was cultivation management: (A) traditional and (B) under polyethylene sheeting (PE-sheeting) put “on flat”. The second-order factors were weed control systems: (a) mechanical (b) to (d)-chemical. The study determined the degree of damage to crops and weeds, fresh and dry weight of weeds, their number and floristic composition, and herbicide residues in tubers and in the soil. The fresh and dry mass of weeds was most effectively limited by mechanical and chemical treatment with the use of a preparation containing linuron. Managing potato cultivation with PE-sheeting and soil herbicides has proven to be safe for very early potato production. Used for pre-emergence care, the preparation containing linuron did not leave even trace amounts of this active substance in the tubers. The determined amount of the active substance fluorochloridon and clomazone was lower than the Maximum Residue Level (MRL) norm in the EU (European Union). As a result, the adopted, innovative management and weeding control systems in the cultivation of early potato varieties can be considered safe for the consumer.

Weed Control in Narrow and Wide-Row Soybeans

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Wax ◽  
W.R. Nave ◽  
R.L. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Weed Infestation

Field studies were conducted over a 3-yr period to evaluate weed control systems for soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] grown in 18- and 76-cm rows. Combinations of herbicides satisfactorily controlled a broad spectrum of annual grass and broadleaf weeds in soybeans grown in 76-cm rows with cultivation and in 18-cm rows without cultivation. Where a single herbicide treatment was used to control only annual grasses, the 76-cm rows (which were cultivated once) yielded from essentially the same as 18-cm rows up to almost 50% more than the 18-cm rows, which received no cultivation, depending on the year and broadleaf weed infestation. However, where herbicide combinations were used to effectively control all weeds, soybeans in 18-cm rows averaged up to 9% higher yields than those in the 76-cm rows.

scholarly journals Changes in weed infestation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under conditions of strip intercropping and different weed control methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Głowacka
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Strip Intercropping

The experiment was conducted in the years 2004-2006 in a private farm in the village of Frankamionka in Zamość district. There were two experimental factors: I. Cultivation methods - sole cropping and strip intercropping; and II. Tending methods - mechanical, mechanical-chemical, and chemical weed control. The subject of the study was weed infestation of the Mela variety of common bean. Beans were sown between 30 April and 5 May. Weed infestation was assessed in the last week before harvesting by determining its floristic composition and the frequency of occurrence of particular weed species, as well as the air-dry weight of weeds. The dominant weed species were <i>Galinsoga parviflora</i>, <i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i>, <i>Chenopodium album</i>, and <i>Amaranthus retroflexus</i>, which comprised 84.7% of the total number of weeds. Strip intercropping markedly reduced the number of weeds per unit area (by 50%), as well as the dry weight of their aerial parts. The most effective method of weed control was the mechanical-chemical method, which resulted in the lowest occurrence of weeds. It also significantly reduced the weight of weeds.

Weed Control in a Conservation Tillage Rotation in the Texas Blacklands

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Brown ◽  
James M. Chandler ◽  
John E. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
No Till ◽  
Primary Tillage ◽  
And Control

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate weed control systems in a conservation tillage rotation of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench.] – cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) – wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). Herbicide systems included fall and spring/summer inputs of high and low intensity. Tillage regimes were no-till (NT) and reduced-till (RT) systems; the latter included fall primary tillage followed by spring stale seedbed planting. Both tillage systems utilized controlled traffic lanes and wide, raised beds. Effective johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers. # SORHA] control required intense herbicide inputs at one or both application periods, i.e., in the fall and/or spring/summer. Grain sorghum and cotton yields for the most intense weed control system, which included high inputs in both the fall and spring/summer, were not superior to systems that included high inputs in only one of the two application periods. Seedling johnsongrass emergence occurred before spring planting in RT (but not in NT) in 2 of 3 yr, and control measures were ineffective. After 3 yr, the predominant weeds were johnsongrass and browntop panicum (Panicum fasciculatumSw. # PANFA).

scholarly journals Effect of Barley Sowing Density on the Integrated Weed Management of Lolium rigidum (Annual Ryegrass) in Mediterranean Dryland: A Modeling Approach

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1565
Author(s):  
María Belén D’Amico ◽  
Guillermo R. Chantre ◽  
Guillermo L. Calandrini ◽  
José L. González-Andújar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Seed Removal ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
High Control ◽  
Weed Dynamics ◽  
The Impact

Population models are particularly helpful for understanding long-term changes in the weed dynamics associated with integrated weed management (IWM) strategies. IWM practices for controlling L. rigidum are of high importance, mainly due to its widespread resistance that precludes chemical control as a single management method. The objective of this contribution is to simulate different IWM scenarios with special emphasis on the impact of different levels of barley sowing densities on L. rigidum control. To this effect, a weed–crop population model for both L. rigidum and barley life cycles was developed. Our results point out: (i) the necessity of achieving high control efficiencies (>99%), (ii) that the increase of twice the standard sowing density of barley resulted in a reduction of 23.7% of the weed density, (iii) non-herbicide-based individual methods, such as delayed sowing and weed seed removal at harvest, proved to be inefficient for reducing drastically weed population, (iv) the implementation of at least three control tactics (seed removal, delay sowing and herbicides) is required for weed infestation eradication independently of the sowing rate, and (v) the effect of an increase in the sowing density is diluted as a more demanding weed control is reached. Future research should aim to disentangle the effect of different weed resistance levels on L. rigidum population dynamics and the required efficiencies for more sustainable IWM programs.

Herbicide residues' changes in wheat samples in late weed control

2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Zs. Szentpétery ◽  
Cs. Kleinheincz ◽  
A. Tarnawa ◽  
M. Jolánkai
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Residues
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