scholarly journals Psycho-Social Factors in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Attending a Family-Centred Prevention and Rehabilitation Programme: EUROACTION Model in Spain

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Cristina Buigues ◽  
Ana Queralt ◽  
Jose Antonio De Velasco ◽  
Antonio Salvador-Sanz ◽  
Catriona Jennings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Illness Perceptions ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Coronary Patients ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
One Year

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) persists as the leading cause of death worldwide. Cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation (CVPR) has an interdisciplinary focus, and includes not only in physiological components, but it also addresses psycho-social factors. Methods: The study analysed the Spanish psycho-social data collected during the EUROACTION study. In Spain, two hospitals were randomised in the Valencia community. Coronary patients were prospectively and consecutively identified in both hospitals. The intervention hospital carried out a 16-week CVPR programme, which aimed to assess illness perceptions and establish healthy behaviours in patients and their partners. Results: Illness perceptions were significantly and inversely associated with anxiety and depression. Low levels of anxiety were associated with better self-management of total cholesterol (p = 0.004) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p = 0.004). There was concordance at one year among patients and partners who participated in the programme related to anxiety (p < 0.001), fruit consumption (p < 0.001), and vegetable consumption (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The EUROACTION study emphasised the importance of assessing psycho-social factors in a CVPR programme and the inclusion of family as support in patients’ changes in behaviour.

scholarly journals Lifestyle and impact on cardiovascular risk factor control in coronary patients across 27 countries: Results from the European Society of Cardiology ESC-EORP EUROASPIRE V registry

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 824-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornelia Kotseva ◽  
Guy De Backer ◽  
Dirk De Bacquer ◽  
Lars Rydén ◽  
Arno Hoes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Coronary Patients

Aims The aim of this study was to determine whether the Joint European Societies guidelines on secondary cardiovascular prevention are followed in everyday practice. Design A cross-sectional ESC-EORP survey (EUROASPIRE V) at 131 centres in 81 regions in 27 countries. Methods Patients (<80 years old) with verified coronary artery events or interventions were interviewed and examined ≥6 months later. Results A total of 8261 patients (females 26%) were interviewed. Nineteen per cent smoked and 55% of them were persistent smokers, 38% were obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2), 59% were centrally obese (waist circumference: men ≥102 cm; women ≥88 cm) while 66% were physically active <30 min 5 times/week. Forty-two per cent had a blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg (≥140/85 if diabetic), 71% had low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥1.8 mmol/L (≥70 mg/dL) and 29% reported having diabetes. Cardioprotective medication was: anti-platelets 93%, beta-blockers 81%, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers 75% and statins 80%. Conclusion A large majority of coronary patients have unhealthy lifestyles in terms of smoking, diet and sedentary behaviour, which adversely impacts major cardiovascular risk factors. A majority did not achieve their blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose targets. Cardiovascular prevention requires modern preventive cardiology programmes delivered by interdisciplinary teams of healthcare professionals addressing all aspects of lifestyle and risk factor management, in order to reduce the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events.

scholarly journals MEDICAL COLLEGE STUDENTS HEALTH CHANGES DURING THE STUDY PERIOD

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Rita Geske ◽  
Alevtīna Leice ◽  
Iveta Strode ◽  
Maira Lāce
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Medical College ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Lipid Parameters

The goal of this research is to analyze the change of students’ physical health during the one year of studies in context of lifestyle. The research participants were 103 Medical College’s students aged 19 to 56 years. All tests, measurements and questionnaires were done at falls of 2015 and 2016. Students’ physical health was evaluated in accordance with Apanasenko’s methods based on investigative anthropometric and functional testing measurements. These measurements included body mass index, lungs vital capacity, strength index, Robinson index and Recovery Heart Rate. Students’ lifestyle habits were determined with the help of questionnaire that included question groups regarding the self-evaluation of health status, health problems and illnesses, eating habits, and physical activities. During the research, lipid parameters in blood were also measured determining the total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL).

scholarly journals Deficiency of ASGR1 in pigs recapitulates reduced risk factor for cardiovascular disease in humans

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. e1009891
Author(s):  
Baocai Xie ◽  
Xiaochen Shi ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Bo Xia ◽  
Jia Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Atherogenic Diet ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Reduced Risk

Genetic variants in the asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in humans. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Given the cardiovascular similarities between pigs and humans, we generated ASGR1-deficient pigs using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. These pigs show age-dependent low levels of non-HDL-C under standard diet. When received an atherogenic diet for 6 months, ASGR1-deficient pigs show lower levels of non-HDL-C and less atherosclerotic lesions than that of controls. Furthermore, by analysis of hepatic transcriptome and in vivo cholesterol metabolism, we show that ASGR1 deficiency reduces hepatic de novo cholesterol synthesis by downregulating 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), and increases cholesterol clearance by upregulating the hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which together contribute to the low levels of non-HDL-C. Despite the cardioprotective effect, we unexpectedly observed mild to moderate hepatic injury in ASGR1-deficient pigs, which has not been documented in humans with ASGR1 variants. Thus, targeting ASGR1 might be an effective strategy to reduce hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, whereas further clinical evidence is required to assess its hepatic impact.

scholarly journals Statin Therapy in Very Old Patients: Lights and Shadows

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Cobos-Palacios ◽  
Jaime Sanz-Cánovas ◽  
Mónica Muñoz-Ubeda ◽  
María Dolores Lopez-Carmona ◽  
Luis Miguel Perez-Belmonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Very Old Patients ◽  
Statin Use

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. High levels of total cholesterol—and of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in particular—are one of the main risk factors associated with ASCVD. Statins are first-line treatment for hypercholesterolemia and have been proven to reduce major vascular events in adults with and without underlying ASCVD. Findings in the literature show that statins reduce coronary and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality in middle-aged people, but their benefits in older adults are not as well-established, especially in primary prevention. Furthermore, many particularities must be considered regarding their use in old subjects, such as age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, comorbidities, polypharmacy, and frailty, which decrease the safety and efficacy of statins in this population. Myopathy and a possible higher risk of falling along with cognitive decline are classic concerns for physicians when considering statin use in the very old. Additionally, some studies suggest that the relative risk for coronary events and cardiovascular mortality associated with high levels of cholesterol decreases after age 70, making the role of statins unclear. On the other hand, ASCVD are one of the most important causes of disability in old subjects, so cardiovascular prevention is of particular interest in this population in order to preserve functional status. This review aims to gather the current available evidence on the efficacy and safety of statin use in very old patients in both primary and secondary prevention.

Pharmacological Management of Dyslipidemia in Atherosclerosis: Limitations, Challenges, and New Therapeutic Opportunities

Angiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyriakos E. Kypreos ◽  
Rafael Bitzur ◽  
Eleni A. Karavia ◽  
Eva Xepapadaki ◽  
George Panayiotakopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Residual Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Low Levels

Clinical and epidemiological studies during the last 7 decades indicated that elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels correlate with the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerotic lesions in the arterial wall. This observation led to the development of LDL-C-lowering drugs for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, some with greater success than others. However, a body of recent clinical evidence shows that a substantial residual cardiovascular risk exists even at very low levels of LDL-C, suggesting that new therapeutic modalities are still needed for reduction of atherosclerosis morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, HDL-C-raising drugs developed toward this goal had disappointing results thus far. Here, we critically review the literature presenting available evidence and challenges that need to be met and discuss possible new avenues for the development of novel lipid pharmacotherapeutics to reduce the burden of atherosclerosis.

Abstract TMP16: Morphologic Evolution and Remodelling of Intracranial Atherosclerosis Under Intensive Risk Factor Control

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Leung ◽  
Yannie Soo ◽  
Vincent Ip ◽  
Ka Sing Wong ◽  
Simon Yu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Plaque Rupture ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Risk Factor Control ◽  
Luminal Narrowing ◽  
Atherosclerotic Stenosis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
One Year

Introduction: In SAMMPRIS, the benefit of aggressive medical therapy over stenting persisted throughout the extended follow-up. It is uncertain how modern medical management could diminish stroke relapses. Method: In a prospective academic-initiated study, we recruited 40 patients (mean age 63.4±9.0 years) with acute strokes attributed to high-grade (≥70%) intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis for 3D-rotational angiograms before and after intensive medical therapy for 12 months. Treatment targets included low-density lipoprotein <70 mg/dl; HbA1c <6.5%; and systolic blood pressure <140 mmHg. We analyzed the morphologic and geometric evolution of the symptomatic plaques. Results: Overall, the risk factor control reached the pre-specified intensity. Plaque thickness, and hence luminal narrowing, significantly diminished at one year (from 1.50±0.48 to 1.24±0.42mm; p<0.001). The site of maximal stenosis shifted significantly towards mid-portion of the plaque (p<0.001), leading to a diminished upstream angulation. The ulcers noted at baseline (n=3) had all healed by one year. There was no significant change in terms of plaque length or lesion eccentricity. Conclusion: Intracranial plaques might regress and positively remodel under intensive risk factor control. These morphologic changes might stabilise the plaques, alleviate unfavourable hemodynamics across the steno-occlusion, and hence reduce the risk of plaque rupture or platelet aggregation.

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