scholarly journals One-Seventh of Patients with COVID-19 Had Olfactory and Gustatory Abnormalities as Their Initial Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin Chi ◽  
Nan-Chang Chiu ◽  
Chun-Chih Peng ◽  
Chao-Hsu Lin ◽  
Yu-Lin Tai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cardinal Symptoms ◽  
Negative Controls

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients exhibited protean clinical manifestations. Olfactory and gustatory abnormalities (anosmia and ageusia) were observed in COVID-19 patients, but the reported prevalence varied. In this systematic review, the prevalence of olfactory and gustatory abnormalities (OGA) was evaluated in laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients. On 8 May 2020, 14,506 articles were screened, while 12 of them were enrolled. A total of 1739 COVID-19 patients were analyzed, with a wide range of prevalence observed (5.6–94%). The pooled prevalence was 48.5% with high heterogeneity (I2, 98.8%; p < 0.0001). In total, 15.5% had OGA as their first symptom (I2, 22.6%; p = 0.27) among the patients analyzed. Contradictory to COVID-19 negative controls, patients with COVID-19 had a higher risk of OGA (odds ratio, 5.3; I2, 66.5%; p = 0.03). In conclusion, approximately half of COVID-19 patients had OGA, and one-seventh of them had OGA as their initial symptoms. OGA were cardinal symptoms of COVID-19, which may serve as clues for early diagnosis. Diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 was suggested in patients with OGA during the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure timely diagnosis and appropriate quarantine.

scholarly journals Adherence to antihypertensive medications and associated factors among hypertensive patients in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212098245
Author(s):  
Assefa Tola Gemeda ◽  
Lemma Demissie Regassa ◽  
Adisu Birhanu Weldesenbet ◽  
Bedasa Taye Merga ◽  
Nanti Legesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

The foundation of controlling hypertension is adherence to antihypertensive medication adherence. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of adherence to antihypertensive medication among adult hypertensive patients in Ethiopia. A comprehensible bibliographic searching was conducted from PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science core collection. All published and unpublished studies that had been accessible before 31 May 2020, and written in English were eligible. Joanna Briggs Institute assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the findings of the included studies. Stata software 16.0 was used to analyze the data. Study-specific estimates were pooled to determine the overall prevalence estimate across studies using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Publication bias and heterogeneity were checked. Fourteen studies with a total of 4938 hypertensive patients were included in the final systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of medication adherence among hypertensive patients in Ethiopia was 65.41% (95% confidence interval: 58.91–71.91). Sub-group analysis shown that the pooled prevalence of medication adherence was the highest (69.07%, 95% confidence interval: 57.83–80.31, I2 = 93.51) among studies using questionnaire technique whereas the lowest in Morisky Medication Adherence Scale eight-items (60.66%, 95% confidence interval: 48.92–72.40, I2 = 97.16). Moreover, medication adherence was associated with the presence of comorbidities (pooled odds ratio = 0.23, 95% confidence interval: 0.07–0.38, p = 0.030, I2 = 54.9%) and knowledge about the disease and its management (pooled odds ratio = 2.98, 95% confidence interval: 1.72–4.24, p = 0.04, I2 = 55.55%) but not with place of residence (pooled odds ratio = 1.22, 95% confidence interval: 0.51–1.93, p = 0.00, I2 = 76.9%). Despite a lack of uniformity among included studies, adherence to antihypertensive medication among the hypertensive population in Ethiopia was moderate. The presence of comorbidities and/or complications reduced the odds of adherence whereas having good knowledge about the disease increased chance of medication adherence among hypertensive patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence and characteristics of fever in adult and paediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis of 17515 patients

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249788
Author(s):  
Md Asiful Islam ◽  
Shoumik Kundu ◽  
Sayeda Sadia Alam ◽  
Tareq Hossan ◽  
Mohammad Amjad Kamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
High Grade ◽  
High Grade Fever ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Significant Difference

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 started to spread globally since December 2019 from Wuhan, China. Fever has been observed as one of the most common clinical manifestations, although the prevalence and characteristics of fever in adult and paediatric COVID-19 patients is inconclusive. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the overall pooled prevalence of fever and chills in addition to fever characteristics (low, medium, and high temperature) in both adult and paediatric COVID-19 patients. Methods The protocol of this systematic review and meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020176327). PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases were searched between 1st December 2019 and 3rd April 2020 without language restrictions. Both adult (≥18 years) and paediatric (<18 years) COVID-19 patients were considered eligible. We used random-effects model for the meta-analysis to obtain the pooled prevalence and risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Quality assessment of included studies was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic and Cochran’s Q test. Robustness of the pooled estimates was checked by different subgroups and sensitivity analyses. Results We identified 2055 studies, of which 197 studies (n = 24266) were included in the systematic review and 167 studies with 17142 adults and 373 paediatrics were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled prevalence of fever in adult and paediatric COVID-19 patients were 79.43% [95% CI: 77.05–81.80, I2 = 95%] and 45.86% [95% CI: 35.24–56.48, I2 = 78%], respectively. Besides, 14.45% [95% CI: 10.59–18.32, I2 = 88%] of the adult COVID-19 patients were accompanied with chills. In adult COVID-19 patients, the prevalence of medium-grade fever (44.33%) was higher compared to low- (38.16%) and high-grade fever (14.71%). In addition, the risk of both low (RR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.69–3.22, p<0.00001, I2 = 84%) and medium grade fever (RR: 2.79, 95% CI: 2.21–3.51, p<0.00001, I2 = 75%) were significantly higher compared to high-grade fever, however, there was no significant difference between low- and medium-grade fever (RR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.94–1.44, p = 0.16, I2 = 87%). 88.8% of the included studies were of high-quality. The sensitivity analyses indicated that our findings of fever prevalence for both adult and paediatric patients are reliable and robust. Conclusions The prevalence of fever in adult COVID-19 patients was high, however, 54.14% of paediatric COVID-19 patients did not exhibit fever as an initial clinical feature. Prevalence and risk of low and medium-grade fevers were higher compared to high-grade fever.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Calf Mortality in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ephrem Tora ◽  
Mesfin Shrube ◽  
Tamirat Kaba ◽  
Wasihun Seyoum
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Calf Mortality

Background. Calf mortality has been a major cause of economic losses in the dairy industry in Ethiopia. The condition results in a significant drop in the number of replacing heifers and bulls for sustainable dairy business. Reports on calf mortality with a wide range of prevalence are rising in the country; however, a pooled prevalence of this condition has not been established. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively estimate the pooled prevalence of calf mortality in Ethiopia. Methods. Meta-analysis was carried out to obtain the pooled prevalence of calf mortality in Ethiopia. A comprehensive literature search was carried out on PubMed, African Journals Online, CAB, Web of Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Moderators such as the study area, breed of calf, study design, agroecology, and year of study article published were used as a milestone of data extraction. The random-effect model was used to estimate pooled prevalence. Publication bias and the variation in prevalence estimates attributed to heterogeneity were also assessed. Results. Twenty-five original research papers on the prevalence of calf mortality in various parts of Ethiopia were included. The reported prevalence of calf mortality was between 0.9% and 37%. The pooled prevalence of calf mortality in the country was 14.79%, and the pooled calf mortality estimate across studies for the entire period regarding 1991 to 2000, 2001 to 2010, 2011 to 2016, and 2017 to 2020 was 26.54%, 17.03%, 14.21%, and 11.23%, respectively. Analysis of study subgroups and location revealed significant variations in prevalence. High heterogeneity was observed in the pooled estimates and even after the subgroup meta-analysis. The funnel plots and Egger’s regression asymmetry coefficient (b = −1.0434) (95% CI = −1.49, −0.59; p value of 0.012) did suggest the presence of publication bias. There was also an indication of missing studies that could be incorporated by Duval and Tweedie’s trim and fill method where they might fall on a funnel plot and visualize them in an attempt to increase the plot’s symmetry. Analyses also suggest that calf breed, sample size, and study location are likely to be moderators of calf mortality prevalence in Ethiopia. Conclusion. This finding shows that calf mortality is widespread and could result in considerable economic losses for the dairy industry in Ethiopia. Inevitably, a significant reduction in calf mortality prevalence has been observed in recent years since 2010, but the reduction has not yet reached an economically tolerable level. Calf breed susceptibility contributed to the high prevalence. Therefore, interventions for increasing calf health and performance should be focused on minimizing calf mortality on farm and animal levels.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Headache in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 14,275 Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Asiful Islam ◽  
Sayeda Sadia Alam ◽  
Shoumik Kundu ◽  
Tareq Hossan ◽  
Mohammad Amjad Kamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started to spread globally since December 2019 from Wuhan, China. Headache has been observed as one of the clinical manifestations in COVID-19 patients. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the overall pooled prevalence of headache in COVID-19 patients.Methods: PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify studies published between December 2019 and March 2020. Adult (≥18 years) COVID-19 patients were considered eligible. We used random-effects model to estimate the pooled prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Quality assessment was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020182529).Results: We identified 2,055 studies, of which 86 studies (n = 14,275, 49.4% female) were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled prevalence of headache in COVID-19 patients was 10.1% [95% CI: 8.76–11.49]. There was no significant difference of headache prevalence in severe or critical vs. non-severe (RR: 1.05, p = 0.78), survived (recovered or discharged) vs. non-survived (RR: 1.36, p = 0.23), and ICU vs. non-ICU (RR: 1.06, p = 0.87) COVID-19 patients. We detected 64.0, 34.9, and 1.1% of the included studies as high, moderate, and low quality, respectively.Conclusions: From the first 4-month data of the outbreak, headache was detected in 10.1% of the adult COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Childbirth at home and associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asteray Assmie Ayenew ◽  
Azezu Asres Nigussie ◽  
Biruk Ferede Zewdu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Birth Preparedness ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Complication Readiness ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background Maternal mortality remains a major challenge to health systems worldwide. Although most pregnancies and births are uneventful, approximately 15% of all pregnant women develop potentially life-threatening complications. Childbirth at home in this context can be acutely threatening, particularly in developing countries where emergency care and transportation are less available. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of home childbirth and its associated factors among women in Ethiopia at their last childbirth. Method For this review, we used the standard PRISMA checklist guideline. This search included all published and unpublished observational studies written only in English language and conducted in Ethiopia. PubMed/Medline, Hinari, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), ProQuest, Cochrane Library, African Journals Online, Ethiopian’s university research repository online library were used. Based on the adapted PICO principles, different search terms were applied to achieve and access the essential articles from February 1–30, 2020. The overall selected search results were 40 studies. Microsoft Excel was used for data extraction and Stata version 11.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, Texas, USA) for data analysis. The quality of individual studies was appraised by using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality appraisal checklist. The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed by the Cochrane Q and I2 test. With the evidence of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were computed. The pooled prevalence of childbirth at home and the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval was presented using forest plots. Result Seventy-one thousand seven hundred twenty-four (71, 724) mothers who gave at least one birth were recruited in this study. The estimated prevalence of childbirth at home in Ethiopia was 66.7% (95%CI: 61.56–71.92, I2 = 98.8%, p-value < 0.001). Being from a rural area (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 6.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.48–12.07), being uneducated (AOR = 5.90, 95% CI: 4.42–7.88), not pursuing antenatal (ANC) visits at all (AOR = 4.57(95% CI: 2.42–8.64), having 1–3 ANC visits only (AOR = 4.28, 95% CI: 3.8–8.26), no birth preparedness and complication readiness plan (AOR = 5.60, 95% CI: 6.68–8.25), no media access (AOR = 3.46, 95% CI: 2.27–5.27), having poor knowledge of obstetric complications (AOR = 4.16: 95% CI: 2.84–6.09), and walking distance more than 2 hours to reach the nearest health facility (AOR = 5.12, 95% CI: 2.94–8.93) were the factors associated with giving childbirth at home. Conclusion The pooled prevalence of childbirth at home was high in Ethiopia. Being from a rural area, being uneducated, not pursuing ANC visits at all, having 1–3 ANC visits only, no media access, having poor knowledge of obstetric complications, not having a birth preparedness and complication readiness plan, and walking time greater than 2 hours to reach the nearest health facility increased the probability of childbirth at home in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and risk factors for severe malaria caused by Plasmodium and dengue virus co-infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manas Kotepui ◽  
Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui ◽  
Giovanni De Jesus Milanez ◽  
Frederick Ramirez Masangkay
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Estimate ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Background Co-infection with both Plasmodium and dengue virus (DENV) infectious species could have serious and fatal outcomes if left undiagnosed and without timely treatment. The present study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence estimate of severe malaria among patients with co-infection, the risk of severe diseases due to co-infection, and to describe the complications of severe malaria and severe dengue among patients with co-infection. Methods Relevant studies published between databases between 12 September 1970 and 22 May 2020 were identified and retrieved through a search of the ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and MEDLINE. The pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI) of severe malaria among patients with Plasmodium and DENV co-infection was estimated with a random-effects model to take into account the between-study heterogeneity of the included studies. The risks of severe malaria and severe diseases due to co-infection were estimated with the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI with a random-effects model. Results Of the 5653 articles screened, 13 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that the pooled prevalence estimate of severe malaria among patients with co-infection was 32% (95% CI: 18–47%, I2 = 92.3%). Patients with co-infection had a higher risk of severe diseases than those with DENV mono-infection (odds ratio [OR] = 3.94, 95% CI: 1.96–7.95, I2 = 72%). Patients with co-infection had a higher risk of severe dengue than those with DENV mono-infection (OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.08–3.63, I2 = 69%). The most severe complications found in severe dengue were bleeding (39.6%), jaundice (19.8%), and shock/hypotension (17.9%), while the most severe complications found in severe malaria were severe bleeding/bleeding (47.9%), jaundice (32.2%), and impaired consciousness (7.43%). Conclusions The present study found that there was a high prevalence of severe malaria among patients with Plasmodium and DENV co-infection. Physicians in endemic areas where these two diseases overlap should recognize that patients with this co-infection can develop either severe malaria or severe dengue with bleeding complications, but a greater risk of developing severe dengue than severe malaria was noted in patients with this co-infection. Trial registration The protocol of this study was registered at PROSPERO: CRD42020196792.

scholarly journals Clinical Manifestation and Maternal Complications and Neonatal outcomes in Pregnant Women with COVID 19: An Update a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Soheili ◽  
Ghobad Moradi ◽  
Hamid Reza Baradaran ◽  
Maryam Soheili ◽  
Yousef Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Co Morbidity

Abstract Background Existing evidence indicates that the risk of obstetric and perinatal outcomes is higher in women with coronavirus infection. outbreaks suggest that pregnant women and their fetuses are particularly susceptible to poor outcomes. However, there is little known about pregnancy related complications and co-morbidity in this group of women. Therefore, this, systematic review and meta-analysis performed in order to find out whether COVID-19 may cause different manifestations and outcomes in antepartum and postpartum period or not.Methods We searched databases, including Medline (PubMed), Embase, Scopus, Web of sciences, Cochrane library, Ovid and CINHAL to retrieve all articles reporting the prevalence of maternal and neonatal complications, in addition clinical manifestations, in pregnant women with COVID 19 that published with English language from January to April 2020. Results 11 studies with total 177 pregnant women included in this systematic review.Results show that the pooled prevalence of neonatal mortality, lower birth weight, stillbirth, premature birth, and intrauterine fetal distress in women with COVID 19 were 4% (95% Cl: 1 - 9%), 21% (95% Cl: 11 – 31%), 2% (95% Cl: 1 - 6%), 28% (95% Cl: 12 - 44%), and 15% (95% Cl: 4 - 26%); respectively. Also the pooled prevalence of fever, cough, diarrhea and dyspnea were 56% (95% Cl: 30 - 83%), 30% (95% Cl: 21 - 39%), 9% (95% Cl: 2 - 16%), and 3% (95% Cl: 1 - 6%) in the pregnant women with COVID-19.Conclusion According to this systematic review and meta-analysis, the pregnant women with COVID-19 with or without pneumonia, are at a higher risk of pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, miscarriage and cesarean delivery. Furthermore, the risk of LBW and intrauterine fetal distress seems increased in neonates.

scholarly journals Prevalence and outcomes of co-infection and super-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackson Musuuza ◽  
Lauren Watson ◽  
Vishala Parmasad ◽  
Nathan Putman-Buehler ◽  
Leslie Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Super Infection

AbstractIntroductionThe recovery of other respiratory viruses in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported, either at the time of a SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis (co-infection) or subsequently (superinfection). However, data on the prevalence, microbiology and outcomes of co-infection and super infection are limited. The purpose of this study was to examine occurrence of respiratory co-infections and superinfections and their outcomes among patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Patients and MethodsWe searched literature databases for studies published from October 1, 2019, through June 11, 2020. We included studies that reported clinical features and outcomes of co-infection or super-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. We followed PRISMA guidelines and we registered the protocol with PROSPERO as: CRD42020189763.ResultsOf 1310 articles screened, 48 were included in the random effects meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of co-infection was 12% (95% confidence interval (CI): 6%-18%, n=29, I2=98%) and that of super-infection was 14% (95% CI: 9%-21%, n=18, I2=97%). Pooled prevalence of pathogen type stratified by co- or super-infection: viral co-infections, 4% (95% CI: 2%-7%); viral super-infections, 2% (95% CI: 0%-7%); bacterial co-infections, 4% (95% CI: 1%-8%); bacterial super-infections, 6% (95% CI: 2%-11%); fungal co-infections, 4% (95% CI: 1%-8%); and fungal super-infections, 4% (95% CI: 0%-11%). Compared to those with co-infections, patients with super-infections had a higher prevalence of mechanical ventilation [21% (95% CI: 13%-31%) vs. 7% (95% CI: 2%-15%)] and greater average length of hospital stay [mean=12.5 days, standard deviation (SD) =5.3 vs. mean=10.2 days, SD= 6.7].ConclusionsOur study showed that as many as 14% of patients with COVID-19 have super-infections and 12% have co-infections. Poor outcomes were associated with super-infections. Our findings have implications for diagnostic testing and therapeutics, particularly in the upcoming respiratory virus season in the Northern Hemisphere.

scholarly journals Clinical, Laboratory and Imaging Features of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales ◽  
Jaime A. Cardona-Ospina ◽  
Estefanía Gutiérrez-Ocampo ◽  
Rhuvi Villamizar-Peña ◽  
Yeimer Holguin-Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Infectious Disease ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Introduction: An epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) begun in December 2019 in China, causing primary concern. Among raised questions, clinical, laboratory, and imaging features have been partially characterized in some observational studies. No systematic reviews have been published on this matter. Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis, using three databases to assess clinical, laboratory, imaging features, and outcomes of confirmed cases of COVID-19. All the observational studies, and also case reports, were included. The case reports were analyzed separately. We performed a random-effects model meta-analysis to calculate the pooled prevalence and 95%CI. Measures of heterogeneity, including Cochran&rsquo;s Q statistic, the I2 index, and the &tau;2 test, were estimated and reported.Results: 660 articles were retrieved. After screening by abstract and title, 27 articles were selected for full-text assessment. Of them, 19 were finally included for qualitative and quantitative analyses. Additionally, 39 case report articles were included and analyzed separately. For &gt;656 patients, fever (88.7%, 95%CI 84.5-92.9%), cough (57.6%, 40.8-74.4%) and dyspnea (45.6%, 10.9-80.4%) were the most prevalent clinical manifestations. Among the patients, 20.3% (95%CI 10.0-30.6%) required ICU, with 32.8% presenting ARDS (95%CI 13.7-51.8), 6.2% (95%CI 3.1-9.3) with shock and 13.9% (95%CI 6.2-21.5%) with a fatal outcome.Discussion: COVID-19 is a new clinical infectious disease, causing considerable compromise, especially in patients with comorbidities, requiring ICU in at least a fifth of them and sometimes with fatal outcomes. Additional research is needed to elucidate factors that may mediate the pathogenesis of the severe and fatal associated disease.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of premenstrual syndrome among women of the reproductive age group in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241702
Author(s):  
Teshome Gensa Geta ◽  
Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel ◽  
Tamirat Tesfaye Dassa
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Introduction Premenstrual syndrome is a clinical condition characterised by the cyclic occurrence of physical and emotional symptoms, which can interfere with normal activity. It significantly affects the health-related quality of life and can result in decreased work productivity. The prevalence of premenstrual syndrome varies widely in different countries and different regions of the same country. Thus, this study was aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and its associated factors among women in Ethiopia. Materials and methods Published studies searched from electronic databases such as PubMed/Medline, google scholars, HINARI, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were used. All studies done among women of the reproductive age group in Ethiopia and reported in the English language were included. The current study was reported using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Two authors extracted the data independently by using Microsoft excel extraction format and transported to STATA 14 software for analysis. I2 test was used to assess heterogeneity between the studies. A random-effect model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence and associated factors of premenstrual syndrome. The prevalence and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) were presented using a forest plot. Results After careful screening of 33 studies, nine studies were included in our systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of premenstrual syndrome in Ethiopia was found to be 53% (95% CI: 40.64, 65.36). Subgroup analysis by university versus high school showed a pooled prevalence of 53.87% (95% CI: 40.97, 67.60) and 56.19% (95% CI: 6.80, 105.58), respectively. The pooled odds ratio shows that age at menarche, menstrual pattern and hormonal contraceptive use had no statistically significant association with premenstrual syndrome. Conclusion More than half of the women under reproductive age group were experiencing premenstrual syndrome in Ethiopia.

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