scholarly journals Identifying Salient Aktionsart Properties in Anindilyakwa

Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
James Bednall
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Temporal System ◽  
Nuanced Understanding

This article considers the identification and classification of salient Aktionsart properties in Anindilyakwa (Gunwinyguan, Australia). Through examining the grammatically permissible (and impermissible) distribution and co-occurrence of various temporal adverbials and morpho-syntactic structures, I identify key Aktionsart properties exhibited in Anindilyakwa. I demonstrate that the properties of dynamism and atomicity are particularly important to consider in this language, while telicity is less prominent. The detailed description and analysis of Aktionsart properties in this article contributes towards a more nuanced understanding of the aspectuo-temporal system of Anindilyakwa. In addition, it provides novel perspectives with which to consider cross-linguistic aspectuo-temporal research, particularly with a focus on smaller-scale, under-described languages.

Speculations on performance models

1968 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Fromkin
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Performance Models ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Mechanistic Approach ◽  
Speech Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Recurrent Patterns ◽  
The Relationship

The publication of Syntactic Structures in 1957 stimulated a much-needed re-evaluation among linguists as to the goals of linguistic theory and the nature of language. Part of the discussion which has ensued has centred around the question of linguistic competence versus performance. Competence has been related to performance as ‘langue’ is to ‘parole’. ‘Competence’ thus refers to the ‘underlying system of rules that has been mastered by the speaker-hearer’ (Chomsky, 1965) and ‘performance’ to the way the speaker-hearer utilizes this ‘internalized grammar’ when he actually produces and understands utterances. Despite the continued controversy about this distinction, little can be added to the justifications for it put forth over many decades (cf. Chomsky, 1957, 1964, 1965; Katz, 1964, 1966; Postal, 1966; Sapir, 1933; Levin, 1965; de Saussure, 1916; etc.). Yet there remains much vagueness as to the limits of each and the relationship between the two. For many years the confusion was due to the influence of Bloomfield who centred his attention on the speech act; his aim was the classification of the OUTPUT of performance, i.e. the utterances, and led to no theory about the dynamic process of performance itself (Bloomfield, 1924, 1926, 1927, 1933). While giving lip service to a concern for ‘langue’, his own mechanistic approach negated any possibility for the rules of ‘langue’ to be anything more than lists of recurrent patterns found in ‘parole’. And since he was of the opinion that ‘the physiologic and acoustic description of acts of speech belongs to other sciences than ours’ (Bloomfield, 1926: 153) he did not direct himself to those aspects of ‘parole’ which could explain speech performance.

Acts and the relationship between discourse and grammar

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Hannay ◽  
Caroline Kroon
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Intonation Units ◽  
The Status ◽  
Discourse Grammar ◽  
Discourse Organization ◽  
The Relationship

In modelling the discourse–grammar interface, a central question concerns the status of discourse act as the minimal unit of discourse organization and its relation to units of grammatical structure. This paper seeks to clarify the notion of act by defining it as a strategic rather than a conceptual unit, and by setting out a classification of strategic acts. Illustration is then offered for the position that discourse acts are to a very considerable extent realized in English by intonation units and punctuation units. This is done by considering how punctuational variation and cases of intonation/syntax mismatch can be explained in terms of the specific discourse contribution of the units concerned. Although the correlation between discourse acts and intonation/punctuation units remains problematic, in that there may not be a 1 : 1 correspondence, it is still attractive — at least for English — to see the linguistic correlate of acts in intonation and punctuation units rather than in syntactic structures. The paper finishes by considering the implications for the formalizing of relations between discourse, semantics and syntax in Functional Discourse Grammar.

scholarly journals A set of motives to unite them all?

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Cuervo-Cazurra ◽  
Rajneesh Narula
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The Way

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce the debate forum on internationalization motives of this special issue of Multinational Business Review. Design/methodology/approach – The authors reflect on the background and evolution of the internationalization motives over the past few decades, and then provide suggestions for how to use the motives for future analyses. The authors also reflect on the contributions to the debate of the accompanying articles of the forum. Findings – There continue to be new developments in the way in which firms organize themselves as multinational enterprises (MNEs), and this implies that the “classic” motives originally introduced by Dunning in 1993 need to be revisited. Dunning’s motives and arguments were deductive and atheoretical, and these were intended to be used as a toolkit, used in conjunction with other theories and frameworks. They are not an alternative to a classification of possible MNE strategies. Originality/value – This paper and the ones that accompany it, provide a deeper and nuanced understanding on internationalization motives for future research to build on.

scholarly journals Understanding Equity of Access in Engineering Education Making Spaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Idalis Villanueva Alarcón ◽  
Robert Jamaal Downey ◽  
Louis Nadelson ◽  
Yoon Ha Choi ◽  
Jana Bouwma-Gearhart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Education ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Equitable Access ◽  
Multiple Points ◽  
Expanded Access ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Equity Of Access

The goal of our exploratory study was to examine how management and staff in engineering education making spaces are enacting equitable access amongst their users (e.g., students). We examined six different making space types categorized by Wilczynsky’s and Hoover’s classification of academic makerspaces, which considered scope, accessibility, users, footprint (size), and management and staffing. We reviewed research memos and transcripts of interviews of university makerspace staff, student staff, and leaders/administrators during two separate visits to these places that took place between 2017 and 2019. We inductively and deductively coded the data, and the findings suggested that equity of access was situational and contextual. From the results, we identified four additional considerations needed to ensure equitable access for engineering education making spaces: (a) spaces designed and operated for multiple points of student entry; (b) spaces operated to facilitate effective student making processes and pathways; (c) threats to expanded access: burdens and consequences; and (d) elevating student membership and equity through a culture of belonging. Together, the findings point toward a need for developing a more nuanced understanding of the concept of access that far supersedes a flattened definition of access to just space, equipment, and cost.

scholarly journals Diachronic Analysis of English Syntax in Relation to Newspaper Style

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01217
Author(s):  
Alina I. Khakimova
Keyword(s):  
Complete Picture ◽  
Diachronic Syntax ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
Belles Lettres ◽  
English Syntax

The paper is devoted to the study of diachronic syntax in the Economist magazine at the level of composite and semi-composite sentences. The purpose of this research is to study functioning and interaction of composite and semi-composite sentences in modern English newspaper style, as well as identifying trends in the development of syntactic structures. Additionally, problems of definition, form and semantics, criteria of classification of composite and semi-composite sentences were identified. The relevance of this study is justified by the fact that there is no sufficiently clear and complete picture of English newspaper style syntax as the studies are mainly based on the texts belonging to belles-lettres style

scholarly journals Momentary Successful Aging Indicators and Their Short-Term and Long-Term Covariates

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 614-614
Author(s):  
Dwight Tse ◽  
Kelsey Finley ◽  
Katherine Vrooman
Keyword(s):  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
One Year

Abstract Studies on successful aging have conceptualized it as a between-person construct, meaning that people’s aging process is seen as more or less successful than others’ across contexts. This study examines within-person, moment-to-moment successful aging indicators, such as (absence of) physical pain, good physical and cognitive functioning, and active engagement in social and productive activities, and their relations to one-time well-being indicators (affective balance, psychological needs satisfaction, meaning in life, and satisfaction with life) at the time and one year after. Multilevel modeling on experience sampling data revealed that successful aging varied substantially (over 50% total variances) within-person and was positively associated with well-being. This study illustrates the utility of momentary successful aging indicators and advocates for a more nuanced understanding besides a simple classification of older adults undergoing “successful” or “normal” aging processes.

scholarly journals Strategies and Tactics of Brand Formation (Based on the Material of Advertising Slogans in French, English, and Russian)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
E. G. Zheludkova ◽  
K. M. Purgina
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Business Communication ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Brand Value ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Communicative Strategies ◽  
Brand Development ◽  
Cultural Linguistics

This article describes communicative strategies and tactics used by companies to build a brand. The diachronic method made it possible to observe brand development strategies. The analysis featured 104 advertising slogans of 11 companies. Strategies and tactics of communicative influence were identified according to Yu. Pirogova’s classification of communicative strategies. The authors see strategies as the goals of creating a company's image, while tactics depend on specific vocabulary, syntactic structures, and means of involving the addressee in the advertising discourse. The list of prevailing strategies included those implemented by the following tactics: Compliance with the needs of the addressee, Increasing brand value in the eyes of the consumer, Informing about brand products, Intimization, Product metaphorization and Influence on the senses. The strategy of rationality was embodied by the tactics of Popularization of a healthy lifestyle and Demonstration of practical benefits. The value-oriented strategy was characterized by the tactic of Informing about brand products. The research results contribute to a better understanding of strategies and tactics in business communication and can be used as demonstration and evidentiary material in teaching cultural linguistics and discourse analysis, as well as for copywriting purposes.

TRANSFORMATION OF SCIENTIFIC TEXTS IN TEACHING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AT AN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Student Needs ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
The Subject

The article describes the forms and features of working with scientific texts when teaching Russian as a foreign language. A major role in this training is transforming syntactic structures: definition, classification of objects and phenomena, description of the subject composition, characteristics of the subject properties, characteristics, and changes substances. This work helps to remember case endings, as well as the development of new speech models. It is emphasized that texts containing scientific information play a special role in teaching scientific style. In these texts, special attention is given to post-text tasks where the student needs to complete sentences related to the test. The specificity of these sentences is that they have the same meaning, but a different structure than those contained in the text. It can be the tasks for choosing the case, replacing the noun with a verb, replacing the subordinate determinative, building a new phrase, which encourages students to show a certain creative approach to the task. It is suggested that an interesting type of work on the transformation of the text in the course of the development of written speech can be a task that requires changing the actual scientific or scientific-educational text in such a way that it becomes similar to popular science. It is concluded that the transformation of a scientific text when working with foreign students is of great importance in the formation of competence-based speech skills, since by transforming scientific texts, students improve their lexical and grammatical potential, which contributes to the solution of communicative tasks in the professional sphere.

scholarly journals PREDICATE- ARGUMENT STRUCTURE OF EMOTIVE VERBS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(78)) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Olga Baranovska
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
English Language ◽  
Cognitive Grammar ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Reflexive Verbs ◽  
Predicate Argument Structure ◽  
Grammatical Structures ◽  
English Verb

This paper seeks to explore the category of emotiveness of the verb units in the lexico-semantic system of the English verb. The article characterizes the evolution of methods in this investigation of lexical units, basic notions of cognitive grammar, in particular. The predicate- argument structure of the verbs that designate emotive states has been defined. The conditions for the realization of grammatical structures have been presented. The survey studies the classification of the verbs according to their syntactic constructions, taking into account the relation of the subject and the object. As a result, the investigation highlights the features of the verbs that denote emotional relations and causatives. Experiencer argument, which can perform different syntactic functions, is an indispensable prerequisite for the predicate-argument structure of English emotive verbs. The algorithm for this analysis has been suggested. The predicate-argument structure of verb units expressing emotions in English and Ukrainian has been compared. Similar deep semantics of emotive verbs in English and Ukrainian finds a distinct expression in the surface structure, favouring different syntactic structures. A significant number of emotive verb units are expressed by intransitive, reflexive verbs with a postfix – sya in Ukrainian, while the constructions with adjectives and participles are characteristic of English.

scholarly journals Specificity of Cognate Nouns and Adjectives Functioning

Discourse ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 130-139
Author(s):  
L. V. Noskina
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Case Grammar ◽  
New Information ◽  
Linguistic Unit ◽  
Semantic Types ◽  
Syntactic Behavior

Introduction. The aim of the article is to determine whether syntactic behavior of linguistic unit depends on its part-of-speech identity or only its semantics. The importance of the research is determined by the absence of systematic description of the specificity of cognate words functioning in linguistics.Methodology and sources. The research deals with the cognate nouns and adjectives functioning. According to the classification of semantic types of predicates developed by A. G. Eliseeva, O. N. Seliverstova we define the researched predicates as the ones denoting state. These predicates are studied in terms of case grammar, i. e. they are compared in the aspect of an argument structure realization. In determining the semantic cases of predicates, we mainly rely on the set of semantic cases proposed by V. V. Bogdanov.Results and discussion. It is shown that the analyzed nouns, as a rule, expressing given or known information require a lower number of cases in its explicit forms which still can be implicit. The researched adjectives that usually denote new information are accompanied by a higher number of cases in a surface structure. These predicates also differ in the forms of their arguments.Conclusion. The revealed features of cognate nouns and adjectives functioning show the significant influence of the form of linguistic unit on syntactic behavior and indicate that formation of syntactic structures is not only determined by semantics.

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