scholarly journals Benefits and Constraints of the Agricultural Land Acquisition for Urbanization for Household Gender Equality in Affected Rural Communes: A Case Study in Huong Thuy Town, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhung Pham Thi ◽  
Martin Kappas ◽  
Daniel Wyss
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
The Government ◽  
Group 1

The Vietnamese Government has implemented agricultural land acquisition for urbanization (ALAFU) since 2010 which has caused a high level of social-economic transition in the country. In this paper, we applied the gender and development approach to discover how ALAFU has influenced the household gender equality in affected areas in Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam. The data for this paper was mainly collected from two household group surveys, four group discussions, and six key informant interviews. Group 1 covers 50 affected households whose agricultural land was acquired for urbanization, while Group 2 consists of 50 households whose agricultural land was not taken away. The findings reveal that ALAFU has led to reduced access to agricultural land for group 1, but has contributed to an increase of economic status for women in both groups by creating non-farming job opportunities with a good income. However, most of their new jobs are still informal, contain potential risks, and the unpaid care work burden is heavy. Moreover, although the rate of women participating in household decision making has increased, the quality of participation is limited. Their participation in social activities and vocational training courses has improved insignificantly. Therefore, if the Government continues to promote ALAFU, they should take structural gender inequalities into account to achieve their sustainable development goals.

scholarly journals Impacts of Agricultural Land Acquisition for Urbanization on Agricultural Activities of Affected Households: A Case Study in Huong Thuy Town, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8559
Author(s):  
Nhung Pham Thi ◽  
Martin Kappas ◽  
Heiko Faust
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Mixed Data ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Farmland Abandonment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government

Agricultural land acquisition for urbanization (ALAFU) has strongly impacted agriculture in Vietnam during the last decades. Given the mixed data obtained from a survey with 50 households who lost 50% of their farmland area (in-depth interviews, a group-focused discussion and observation) this study shows the different impacts of ALAFU on each agricultural activity of affected household by comparing before and after ALAFU. Rice cultivation and animal breeding have sharply declined, but potted flower plantation (PFP) has quickly grown and is the main income of 34% of surveyed households. Rice cultivation has declined not only as a result of agricultural land acquisition, which has resulted in the loss of rice land, but also as a result of urbanization, which has resulted in rice land abandonment. Conversely, PFP is growing due to advantages associated with urbanization, such as a good consumer market and upgraded infrastructure. However, whether they are declining or increasing, all agricultural activities have to face challenges related to the shortcomings in agricultural land allocation and agricultural development plans. This study suggests that if ALAFU projects are continued, the government should evaluate agricultural development and forecast farmland abandonment after ALAFU. Simultaneously, they should put more effort into maintaining agriculture in the form of peri-urban or urban agriculture, which is significant for sustainable development in affected communities.

scholarly journals The Effect of Land Acquisition Policy on Market Trends in Hungary

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Zsolt Orlovits ◽  
László Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
The Government ◽  
National Ownership

AbstractThe aim of the present paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the major regulations related to the acquisition and ownership of agricultural and forestry lands in Hungary and the effect of these regulations on the trends and changes in trade and ownership structure. The four pivotal points regarding policy–making have been the following: (1) maintaining national ownership of agricultural lands, (2) preventing the registration of ownership when the aim of the transaction is speculation, (3) maintaining the limitation and strict regulations on the possibilities for new acquisitions by corporately owned farms, (4) supporting the acquisition and usage of agricultural lands by privately and family owned farms. In order to achieve these aims, the government of Hungary decided upon a framework for agricultural land acquisition and ownership that integrates a number of rules and limitations already applied by land administration authorities in other EU member countries. However, their systematic and cumulative use raises major questions in the application of the relevant laws in real–life situations; in addition, there are serious concerns about their compatibility with EU principles on legislation and jurisdiction(1). This paper summarises typical situations to illustrate the controversies of the regulations related to agricultural land acquisition and use in Hungary.

How Bangladesh Is Increasing the Employability of Females With Technical Training Programs

2019 ◽  
pp. 158-182
Author(s):  
Paula E. Faulkner ◽  
Shahana Begum ◽  
Chastity Warren English
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
National Education ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
National Education Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Policies And Programs

The authors of this chapter provide the background for Bangladeshi women's plight to achieve gender equality in the labor force. To be educated and trained as their male counterparts, many factors must be taken into consideration. While poverty and vulnerability continue to be faced by many Bangladeshi citizens, the government has initiated policies and programs to address the need for more trained skilled workers, including females. In recent years, the population growth has reduced, and health and education has improved. In the past, women were employed in typical trades such as sewing, typing, and hazardous and exploitative jobs. Today, government policies and procedures, such as the National Education Policy, have implemented training programs to address gender inequality to employ more women in various trades, with some owning their own businesses, such as the three success stories presented in this study of women whose economic status has benefited greatly from training programs.

Gender Policy And Role Of Women Farmers And Dehkans In Horticulture Sector: National Peculiarities Of Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 89-104
Author(s):  
Nodira Mannapovna Azizova ◽  
◽  
Lobarkhon Kadirjanovna Azizova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Gender Policy ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Gender Aspects ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The Government

This paper presents results of the process focused on achieving of the gender equality and development of the agriculture sector. Implementation of the both programs presents the parabola symmetry axes where the strenthening the capacity of the women farmers and dehkans and increasing of their family’s wellbeing are going hand in hand in Uzbekistan. The Government of Uzbekistan has been prioritized improvement of legislative and institutional base for further ensuring equality for women in all spheres of life including agriculture sector. This paper shed lights on important gender aspects of rural development and concludes that the potential of rural women’s economic status and involvement has not yet been reached.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Subsequent Childbirth between Marriage Years in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12560
Author(s):  
Jeongok Park ◽  
Kyoungjin Lee ◽  
Heejung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Common ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Government ◽  
Group 1

This study aimed to identify differences in factors associated with subsequent childbirth between the marriage years of 1996–2005 (Group 1) and 2006–2015 (Group 2) using the 2015 National Survey. A total of 5097 eligible participants (2492 and 2605 women in each group, respectively) were included. The main variables consisted of demographic characteristics, socio-economic status, value for child and son, and social support for raising child. For statistical analysis, discrete-time hazard models were used. The common factors associated with subsequent childbirth in both groups were son preference (Group 1: HR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.06–1.27, Group 2: HR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.04–1.24) and the favorable value on children (HR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.01–1.25, HR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.01–1.22). Only in Group 2, age at the first childbirth (HR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.31–1.39) and more monthly income (≥4600, <6000: HR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.04–1.33, ≥6000: HR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.00–1.32) were significantly associated with subsequent children. Whereas, working women (HR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.78–0.94) were less likely to have subsequent children. To increase fertility in Korea, the government must provide childcare and deal with factors associated with low fertility considering the reduction in role incomparability for women due to changes in demographic characteristics.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Gender Inequality in Nigeria: Education and Empowerment of Women in Focus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 2275-2285
Author(s):  
Ganiat Mobolaji Olatokun
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Nigerian Women ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Government

This paper focuses on gender inequality in the area of education and empowerment of women in Nigeria. This has become significant in this time of novel global wealth coming with the Fourth Industrial Revolution (FIR). It was discovered through a doctrinal research that, Nigeria, aside from having many national legislations on gender equality, is also a signatory to major international human rights instruments on gender equality. However, the workability of these legal frameworks has remained doubtful as there are wide range of gender inequalities which makes it difficult for Nigerian women to achieve their full potentials. Intellectually, higher number of Nigerian men goes to school than women. It follows from here that, men in Nigeria are undoubtedly gainfully employed than the women. Women in Nigeria are often circumscribed to low-paying and very repetitive jobs. In view of this realization, there is every possibility of increased and massive inequality and unemployment as robots seems ready to replace the women work force in Nigeria. Hence, the researcher asks the question as to; how relevant will Nigerian women be in the area of education and empowerment in this time of FIR, despite the presence of the law? This paper argues that the legal framework on gender equality in Nigeria are mere cosmetological set up, which had not impacted on equality between women and men, despite the Women in Development theory (WID), which has been made part and parcel of the legal framework. The paper fears that if these inequality persists, there will be no place for Nigerian women in the FIR. Concerted efforts are required on the part of the government of Nigeria to see to the workability of the laws on gender equality so as to make women relevant in the FIR. It is in the light of the far-reaching implications of this that the makes recommendations.

scholarly journals Gender Inequalities in the Workplace: Case Study of South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
South African ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
The South ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Women In The Workplace ◽  
The Government

The South African government implemented different legislative mechanisms in an attempt to address gender equality in the workplace, discrimination, and empowering women. To review whether there has been any progress after implementing these legislative mechanisms, this paper empirically analyzes the advancement of gender equality in the South African workplace as of 2020. It also provides an overview of different legislative mechanisms implemented by the government of South Africa as an endeavor to achieve gender equality in the workplace and equal opportunities for all regardless of gender. The main objective of this paper is to review gender equality progress in the South African workplace and a qualitative research method has been used to analyze different gender inequalities. Lastly, the paper provides an overview of gender equality analysis in different occupational levels in the South African workplace. The research shows that regardless of the South African government’s different legislative mechanisms to address gender equality, progress is still gloomy as discrimination against women in the workplace continues and the men remain dominant. The data analyses conclude that progress in addressing gender equality has been inert, delaying equal opportunities for all South Africans.

Normative Juridical Review Comparison of Land Acquisition Regulations for Railway Infrastructure between Indonesia and Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhina Setyo Oktaria ◽  
Agustinus Prasetyo Edi Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
The People ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

Land acquisition for public purposes, including for the construction of railroad infrastructure, is a matter that is proposed by all countries in the world. The Indonesian government or the Malaysian royal government needs land for railroad infrastructure development. To realize this, a regulation was made that became the legal umbrella for the government or royal government. The people must agree to regulations that require it. Land acquisition for public use in Malaysia can be completed quickly in Indonesia. The influencing factor is the different perceptions of the understanding of what are in the public interest, history and legal systems of the two countries as well as the people's reaction from the two countries

scholarly journals Profile of Organophosphorus Poisoning

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-135
Author(s):  
Joya Debnath ◽  
Arpan Kumar Basak ◽  
Md Zubaidur Rahman ◽  
Anujit Saha
Keyword(s):  
Organophosphorus Compound ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Frequency Pattern ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Phosphorus Poisoning ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Government

Background : Self poisoning with organophosphate pesticides is a major health problem in world wide. Organophosphorus compound poisoning is a very common toxicological emergency encountered at Mirzapur in Tangail. It is particularly common among the rural agricultural worker's which comprise a substantial group of the population of this region.Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the incidence, frequency, pattern of poisoning, outcome and aetiological aspect of Organo phosphorus poisoning patient admitted in Kumudini Women's Medical college Hospital.Methods: A total 366 cases of OPC poisoning were analysed during 1 year from January 2015 to December 2015. The emphasis was given on age, sex, socio-economic status, occupation, motive of poisoning, types of compound consumed its quality, place, distance from referral place and the ultimate outcome.Results: Young population of rural background, particularly agricultural workers were the commonest patients (51.91%). The most common motive of poisoning was with a suicidal intent, both in males (27.59%) and females (66.39%). Financial crisis was one of the most common reasons analysed as the motive behind the poisoning (54.20%). Three hundred forty four Patients recovered and 22 were expired. The major cause of death in these cases was respiratory failure followed by multi-organ failure.Conclusion : Strict of the pesticide act and involving a new policy by the government to educate the public and youth in large about the dangerous, life threatening effects of Organophosphorus compound could help amelerioating the harmful effects of such poisoning.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-3, October 2018, Page 133-135

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