scholarly journals Contextualizing Landscape-Scale Forest Cover Loss in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) between 2000 and 2015

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Molinario ◽  
Matthew Hansen ◽  
Peter Potapov ◽  
Alexandra Tyukavina ◽  
Stephen Stehman
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Forest Loss ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Forest Clearing ◽  
New Forest ◽  
The Impact

Shifting cultivation has been shown to be the primary cause of land use change in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Traditionally, forested and fallow land are rotated in a slash and burn cycle that has created an agricultural mosaic, including secondary forest, known as the rural complex. This study investigates the land use context of new forest clearing (during 2000–2015) in primary forest areas outside of the established rural complex. These new forest clearings occur as either rural complex expansion (RCE) or isolated forest perforations (IFP), with consequent implications on the forest ecosystem and biodiversity habitat. During 2000–2015, subsistence agriculture was the dominant driver of forest clearing for both extension of settled areas and pioneer clearings removed from settled areas. Less than 1% of clearing was directly attributable to land uses such as mining, plantations, and logging, showing that the impact of commercial operations in the DRC is currently dwarfed by a reliance on small-holder shifting cultivation. However, analyzing the landscape context showed that large-scale agroindustry and resource extraction activities lead to increased forest loss and degradation beyond their previously-understood footprints. The worker populations drawn to these areas create communities that rely on shifting cultivation and non-timber forest products (NTFP) for food, energy, and building materials. An estimated 12% of forest loss within the RCE and 9% of the area of IFP was found to be within 5 km of mines, logging, or plantations. Given increasing demographic and commercial pressures on DRC’s forests, it will be crucial to factor in this landscape-level land use change dynamic in land use planning and sustainability-focused governance.

scholarly journals Smaller global and regional carbon emissions from gross land use change when considering sub-grid secondary land cohorts in a global dynamic vegetation model

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Yue ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Forest Age ◽  
Priority Rules ◽  
Forest Clearing ◽  
Historical Land Use ◽  
Wood Harvest

Abstract. Several modeling studies reported elevated carbon emissions from historical land use change (LUC) by including bi-directional transitions at the sub-grid scale (termed gross land use change). This has implication on the estimation of so-called residual land CO2 sink over undisturbed lands. However, in most dynamic global vegetation models (DGVM), forests and/or other land use types are represented with a single sub-grid tile, without accounting for secondary lands that are often involved in shifting cultivation or wood harvest. As a result, land use change emissions (ELUC) are likely overestimated, because it is high-biomass mature forests instead of low-biomass secondary forests that are cleared. Here we investigated the effects of including sub-grid forest age dynamics in a DGVM on historical ELUC over 1501–2005. We run two simulations, one with no forest age (Sageless) and the other with sub-grid secondary forests of different age classes whose demography is driven by historical land use change (Sage). Estimated global ELUC for 1501–2005 are 179 Pg C in Sage compared to 199 Pg C in Sageless. The lower emissions in Sage arise mainly from shifting cultivation in the tropics, being of 27 Pg C in Sage against 46 Pg C in Sageless. Estimated cumulative ELUC from wood harvest in the Sage simulation (31 Pg C) are however slightly higher than Sageless (27 Pg C), because secondary forests simulated in Sage are insufficient to meet the prescribed harvest area, leading to the harvest of old forests. This result depends on pre-defined forest clearing priority rules given a simulated portfolio of differently aged forests in the model. Our results highlight that although gross land use change as a former missing emission component is included by a growing number of DGVMs, its contribution to overall ELUC tends to be overestimated, unless low-biomass secondary forests are properly represented.

scholarly journals The impact of an insecticide treated bednet campaign on all-cause child mortality: A geospatial impact evaluation from the Democratic Republic of Congo

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. e0212890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie B. Dolan ◽  
Ariel BenYishay ◽  
Karen A. Grépin ◽  
Jeffery C. Tanner ◽  
April D. Kimmel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
The Impact

A descriptive perspective on intergenerational sustainability in education and the impact of family lineage in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Bernard Yungu Loleka
Keyword(s):  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Transition Matrix ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission Of Education

This study investigates how family lineage descent groups influence the intergenerational transmission of education for the cohorts of 1940-1989 in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The study applies both transition matrix and intergenerational persistence (IGP) methods, using the father's years of schooling as a proxy for parental education. The findings suggest a pronounced steady persistence in education for the estimated mean regression coefficient over a period of 49 years. Moreover, results by gender indicate that intergenerational persistence in education has significantly decreased for males in recent cohorts but slightly increased for females. Furthermore, findings suggest that intergenerational persistence has been decreasing in matrilineal descent groups in recent cohorts while increasing for the patrilineal descent groups. The study gives a good sense of the relationship between family lineage descent and intergenerational transmission of education in DRC. In addition, it indicates that there is both substantial upward and downward intergenerational education mobility in the country.   Keywords: Cohort analysis, Family lineage descent groups, Intergeneration transmission of education, Inter-generational persistence (IGP) methods, The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Transition matrix.

Ethnic Conflict in Burundi

Matatu ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-417
Author(s):  
Marie-Thérèse Toyi
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Child Soldiers ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Standard Education ◽  
Cultural Exchanges ◽  
Former Child Soldiers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Culture Education

In spite of the laudable political and humanitarian efforts to tackle the cyclical ethnic-related conflicts in Burundi, the impact of the refugee and returnee phenomena on the culture, education, and economy of the country and beyond has not yet received its full due attention. This study aims at increasing awareness on this issue. It first identifies the refugee- and returnee-related new linguistic trends in Burundi, together with their subsequent impact on education. How many Burundians learned Kiswahili in exile in Tanzania or in the Democratic Republic of Congo, not only for educational or professional purposes but also for survival, but who, back in Burundi, saw their language of exile become an obstacle to the pursuit of a standard education? Why has their plight not attracted as much attention as did that of war orphans, widows, and former child soldiers? This study also surveys the cultural exchanges between Burundian refugees and returnees with their host country and their motherland.

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