scholarly journals The Anti-Politics Machine of Green Energy Development: The Moroccan Solar Project in Ouarzazate and Its Impact on Gendered Local Communities

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryser
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
The Government ◽  
Land Water

The Moroccan Agency for Sustainable Energy (MASEN) established one of the largest solar energy projects in the world through a public–private partnership. It is on communal land previously owned by a Moroccan Amazigh (Berber) clan in the Ghessate rural council area, 10 km away from Ouarzazate. The land for the energy project comprises a surface area of more than 3000 hectares. This large-scale land acquisition has led to the loss of access to common-pool resources (land, water, and plants), which were formerly managed by local common property institutions, due to its enclosure, and the areas themselves. This paper outlines how the framing of the low value of land by national elites, the state administration, MASEN, and the subsequent discourses of development, act as an anti-politics machine to hide the loss of land and land-related common-pool resources, and thus an attack on resilience—we call it in our scientific discipline a process of ‘resilience grabbing’, especially for women. As a form of compensation for the land losses, economic livelihood initiatives have been introduced for local people based on the funds from the sale of the land and revenue from the solar energy project Noor Ouarzazate. The loss of land representing the ‘old’ commons is—in the official discourse—legitimated by what the government and the parastatal company call the development-related ‘fruits of growth’, and should serve as ‘new forms of commons’ to the local communities. The investment therefore acts as a catalyst through which natural resources (land, water, and plants) are institutionally transformed into new monetary resources that local actors are said to be able to access, under specific conditions, to sustain their livelihood. There are, however, pertinent questions of access (i.e., inclusion and exclusion), regulation, and equality of opportunities for meeting the different livelihood conditions previously supported by the ‘old’ commons.

scholarly journals Not Affected the Same Way: Gendered Outcomes for Commons and Resilience Grabbing by Large-Scale Forest Investors in Tanzania

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Désirée Gmür
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Value Chain Analysis ◽  
Development Discourse ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
The People ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
Large Scale Land

The topic of large-scale land acquisition (LSLA) has attracted wide interest in the literature and the media. However, there is little work on the gendered institutional changes and gendered impacts on common pool resources (CPR) due to LSLA. The aim of this paper is to address these impacts. This is done by discussing data from participatory research (using the methods of participatory observation, semi-structured and narrative interviews, biographies, focus group discussions, value chain analysis, and household questionnaires) on a forestry plantation operated by the British investor, the New Forests Company (NFC) in the Kilolo district, in the Iringa region. The institutional arrangements regarding different land-related common pool resources from pre-colonial times until the arrival of this investment will be shown. Furthermore, how these arrangements have changed over time and since the LSLA is presented. Then, the effects on men’s and women’s access to CPR and, thus, the impacts on their capacities to perform their reproductive work and resilience will be addressed. Furthermore, the paper focuses on how different stakeholders in the land deal (the investor, the government, different local people) make use of these different institutions to push through their own interests regarding the land. Finally, the paper looks at collective compensation payments (such as monetary compensation and jobs) and forms of corporate social responsibility (CSR) schemes, and how they are perceived emically. It is argued that the LSLA in this case clearly grabs land and land-related common pool resources that were previously held in common. Women, such as daughters, sisters, and wives, had specific access and property rights to these. Thus, the paper concludes that this grabbing lowers women’s resilience and deprives them of important resources for their livelihoods, and for food and cash production at critical times. CSR programmes and compensation rarely reach women and are, for them, an anti-politics machine, hiding the grabbing processes, and impacting the poorest of the poor, while the company uses a development discourse to legitimise its activities. In fact, the people perceive the investment as trapping them in underdevelopment.

scholarly journals Electrical system design of solar powered electrical recreational boat for Indonesian waters

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 04011
Author(s):  
Sunaryo Sunaryo ◽  
Adri Wirawan Ramadhani
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Electrical System ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Government ◽  
Solar Powered

Indonesia has more than 17,000 islands and has plenty of beautiful beaches and underwater spots which have great potential for maritime tourism. Tourism was ranked 3rd on Indonesia's foreign income and plays an important role for the country’s ecomony. Despite having potential advantages, the government has not yet maximized its efforts to develop the attractiveness of its maritime tourism. Beside the beautiful spots Indonesia is also blessed with all year long sun shine, which could be tapped as renewable and green energy as substitution to fossil fuel. Refer to these great advantages of natural resources the research was aimed to support the government’s program in developing its maritime tourism and to promote the use of green and renewable energy by designing a solar-powered tourism recreational boat which has 12 meters of length. The paper is focused on the design of solar energy and its electrical system, which includes conversion of solar energy to electrical energy and store it in the battery, the required electrical power is also predicted based on the appliances and equipment installed in the boat, the optimum attachment of solar panels on the boat structure is also calculated. All the methods and information we use are obtained from literature study, discussion with experts, and surveys to Jagur as solar-powered electric boat from Universitas Indonesia.

Impacts of large-scale land acquisitions on common-pool resources

2019 ◽  
pp. 257-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Giger ◽  
Kerstin Nolte ◽  
Ward Anseeuw ◽  
Thomas Breu ◽  
Wytske Chamberlain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Land Acquisitions ◽  
Large Scale Land

Disaster and Protection of Tenants in Japanese Law: General Principles in Time of Emergencies

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunichiro Koyanagi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Japanese Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Japanese Diet

AbstractThis article examines the legal protection of ex-tenants after disasters in Japan. The “Act Providing Temporary Measures concerning Land Lease and Building Lease in the Cities Damaged by War” of 1946 conferred not only the right to lease rebuilt buildings, but also the right of ex-tenants to lease the land of destroyed buildings. Therefore, many victims of the war disaster were entitled to construct and keep self-made shelters on the site of destroyed buildings. Thus, emergencies created exceptions to general rules or principles. The implementation of the Lease Act of 1946 was initially limited to the war disaster, but the government later issued the implementation Cabinet Orders of the Lease Act of 1946 to major disasters until 2004. However, in the case of the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011, the local communities and local bar associations raised strong oppositions against the Lease Act of 1946 on the motif that the implementation of the Lease Act of 1946 would cause complicated legal and social problems. The Ministry of Justice decided not to enact an implementation Cabinet Order of the Lease Act of 1946. The Japanese Diet adopted a new Act regarding the lease in time of disaster in June 2013 to abolish the right to lease land and to lease newly rebuilt buildings as well. In a highly developed modern society, it is difficult to justify exceptions to general principles even in the case of emergencies caused by large-scale disasters.

scholarly journals Assessing Food Systems and Their Impact on Common Pool Resources and Resilience

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio Augstburger ◽  
Fabian Käser ◽  
Stephan Rist
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Service Capacity ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Ecological Problems

The ongoing expansion of agro-industrial food systems is associated with severe socio-ecological problems. For a closer look at the socio-ecological impacts, we analyze the capacity of six food systems to provide farm-based agroecosystem services with the Agroecosystem Service Capacity (ASC) approach. At the same time, we analyze how food systems affect the management of common pool resources (CPR). Our findings show that indigenous peoples and agroecological food systems can have up to three times the ASC-index of agro-industrial food systems. Through their contribution to the sustainable management of cultural landscapes with robust institutions for the management of CPRs, food systems contribute to socio-ecological integrity. On the other hand, regional and agro-industrial food systems with a lower ASC-index contribute less to socio-ecological integrity, and they undermine and open up common property institutions for robust CPR management. As a result, they appropriate (or grab) access to CPRs that are vital for food systems with higher ASC-indexes resulting from a robust management of CPRs. Strengthening a robust management of CPRs could put a halt to the ongoing expansion of food systems with a low ASC-index by replacing them with a high ASC-index to prevent an exacerbation of the current socio-ecological situation.

Floating solar photovoltaic plants in India – A rapid transition to a green energy market and sustainable future

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2110571
Author(s):  
J. Charles Rajesh Kumar ◽  
MA Majid
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Sustainable Future ◽  
Photovoltaic Plants

The 18,000 square kilometers of water reservoirs in India can generate 280 GW of solar power through floating solar photovoltaic plants. The cumulative installed capacity of FSPV is 0.0027 GW, and the country plans to add 10 GW of FSPV to the 227 GW renewable energy target of 2022. The FSPV addition is small related to the entire market for solar energy, but each contribution is appreciated in the renewable energy market. FSPV could be a viable alternative for speeding up solar power deployment in the country and meeting its NDC targets. So far, the country has achieved the world's lowest investment cost for a floating solar installation. Despite the lower costs, generalizations are still premature because FSPV is still in its initial stages of market entry. Continuous innovation and timely adoption of innovative ideas and technology will support India in meeting its solar energy goals and progressing toward a more sustainable future. Governments must establish clear and enforceable policies to assist developers in reducing risks and increasing investor confidence in the sector. Economic and financial feasibility are examined, and various difficulties in technology, design, finances, environment, maintenance, and occupational health that impact the FSPV deployment are discussed. Based on the research, effective and comprehensive FSPV policy suggestions are included to support establishing an appropriate market, fostering competition and innovation, and attracting large-scale investment. This paper aims to stimulate interest among various policy developers, energy suppliers, industrial designers, ergonomists, project developers, manufacturers, health and safety professionals, executing agencies, training entities, and investment institutions of the FSPV plant to implement effective governance planning and help them to participate in their ways to assure sustainable growth.

Application and Development of Renewable Energy: A Case Study of Solar Energy Utilization in Baoding, China

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xutao Zhang ◽  
Yuefen Gao ◽  
Guohua Shi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The Government ◽  
National Industry

As we know, more and more energy are required to meet the demands of society, and this has forced the government to review the economy and energy policies. The solar energy resource is abundant in China, which provides a good foundation with the utilization of solar energy. In China, there is a Silica Valley in Beijing, an Optics Valley in Wuhan, and also an Electricity Valley in Baoding. First, the only domestic national industry base of renewable energy and equipment is located in Baoding National New and High-tech Industry Zone. Secondly, there are great advantages on the photovoltaic industry, the wind power generation and the power transmission and transformation equipment, corresponded with the Yingli Green Energy Holding Company Limited, Zhong Hang Huiteng Wind Power Equipment Corporation Limited and Tian Wei Group Corporation Limited, respectively. Then it is a natural choice for the local government to develop the renewable energy in the readjustment of industry structures. This paper deals with the utilizations and prospects of solar energy.

scholarly journals Institutional Settings and Changes of Common Pool Resources in an Agro-Industrial Food System: An Anthropological Study of Export Horticulture in Northwest Mount Kenya

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariah Ngutu ◽  
Salome Bukachi ◽  
Charles Owuor Olungah ◽  
Tobias Haller
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Food System ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Anthropological Study

Agriculture is the backbone of Kenya’s economy, supporting up to 80% of the rural livelihoods. Kenya’s export horticulture is currently the leading Agriculture subsector in Kenya has evolved from small-holder farming to agro-industrial large-scale export farming dominated by multinational companies. It is regarded as an agro-industrial food system based on the economies of scale producing for mass markets outside of the production area. Much of the food consumed from this food system has undergone multiple transformations and been subject to a host of formal and informal insitutions (rules, regulations, standards, norms and values). An Anthropological study of export horticulture in Northwest Mount Kenya was carried out utilizing qualitative data collection methods in Northwest Mount Kenya region. Data was coded and analysed thematically based on grounded theory approach. The study described the institutional settings of export horticulture from an emic perspective as changing and defining the operations of the food system access and management of common pool resources, namely water and land. With the agro-industrial food system competing for these scarce resources in a semi-arid zone, there is potential for conflict and also reduced production and overall benefits to the different actors in the study area.

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