scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Patterns of the Use of Green Space by White-Collar Workers in Chinese Cities: A Study in Shenzhen

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1006
Author(s):  
Xiaohuan Xie ◽  
Hanzhi Zhou ◽  
Zhonghua Gou ◽  
Ming Yi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Space Use ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
White Collar Workers

White-collar workers, with tremendous work pressure, excessive working hours, and poor physical condition, need green spaces not only to have physical exercise and social gatherings, but also to become closer to nature and to relieve stress for their mental health. In China, the 996 office schedule, working from 09:00 to 17:00 six days a week, has become popular in the workplace; under such high-intensity work and pressure, white-collar workers have limited time to access green space for leisure, and their use of green space for health benefits is compromised. This study selected Shenzhen Futian Central Business District to find out the green space use patterns and preferences of white-collar workers based on GPS data and questionnaire surveys. In addition, the value of green exposure in the time dimension was calculated according to individuals’ actual behaviors. Based on cluster analysis, this study summarized the typical green space use patterns of three groups of white-collar workers, which reflects the hidden inequity of white-collar groups who are subjected to varying degrees of spatiotemporal constraints in using green space. This paper puts forward three directions for the optimization of green space allocation, functional facilities, and improved walkability in employment-intensive urban areas. The results provide certain guiding significance for alleviating the mismatch of time and space in green space enjoyment and for improving the spatiotemporal inclusiveness of green spaces in urban central business districts.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors among office employees working at BSNL and LIC offices of Bhopal city

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2476
Author(s):  
Manju Dubey ◽  
Yachana Choudhary ◽  
Padma Bhatia ◽  
G. P. Naik
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Office Employees

Background: Hypertension is one of the leading causes of the global burden of disease. In India, the prevalence of hypertension is 33.8% in urban areas and 27.6% in rural areas. Hypertension is fairly common among white collar workers, owing to long working hours, sedentary lifestyle and due to lack of physical activity. This study was carried out among the office employees, who constitute one type of white collar workers. The aims and objectives of the study were to find out the prevalence of hypertension among office employees and to find out the various risk factors associated with hypertension among them.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out amongst 240 employees of two offices of Bhopal city from September to November 2016. Information regarding socio-demographic characteristics and various risk factors was collected. Measurement of blood pressure, height and weight of all participants were taken.Results: The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 53.33%, out of which 25.7% cases were newly diagnosed. Hypertension was positively associated with cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, adding extra salt to food.Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension among office workers is alarmingly high (53.33% hypertensives and 25% prehypertensives) which calls for implementation of some interventional measures by the concerned authorities.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Equity and Regional Management of Some Urban Green Space Ecosystem Services: A Case Study of Main Urban Area of Xi’an City

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 813
Author(s):  
Hui Dang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Yumeng Zhang ◽  
Zixiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Deposition Flux ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Xi’An City

Urban green spaces can provide many types of ecosystem services for residents. An imbalance in the pattern of green spaces leads to an inequality of the benefits of such spaces. Given the current situation of environmental problems and the basic geographical conditions of Xi’an City, this study evaluated and mapped four kinds of ecosystem services from the perspective of equity: biodiversity, carbon sequestration, air purification, and climate regulation. Regionalization with dynamically constrained agglomerative clustering and partitioning (REDCAP) was used to obtain the partition groups of ecosystem services. The results indicate that first, the complexity of the urban green space community is low, and the level of biodiversity needs to be improved. The dry deposition flux of particulate matter (PM2.5) decreases from north to south, and green spaces enhance the adsorption of PM2.5. Carbon sequestration in the south and east is higher than that in the north and west, respectively. The average surface temperature in green spaces is lower than that in other urban areas. Second, urban green space resources in the study area are unevenly distributed. Therefore, ecosystem services in different areas are inequitable. Finally, based on the regionalization of integrated ecosystem services, an ecosystem services cluster was developed. This included 913 grid spaces, 12 partitions, and 5 clusters, which can provide a reference for distinct levels of ecosystem services management. This can assist urban managers who can use these indicators of ecosystem service levels for planning and guiding the overall development pattern of green spaces. The benefits would be a maximization of the ecological functions of green spaces, an improvement of the sustainable development of the city, and an improvement of people’s well-being.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Differences in Walking Time of Children and Adolescents to Public Green Spaces in Urban Areas—Results of the German Environmental Survey (2014–2017)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2326
Author(s):  
Julia Rehling ◽  
Christiane Bunge ◽  
Julia Waldhauer ◽  
André Conrad
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Environmental Survey ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Public Green Space ◽  
Walking Time

Public green spaces have a high potential for a positive impact on people’s health and wellbeing, especially in urban areas. Studies on environmental justice indicate socially unequal access possibilities to urban green spaces. This article presents results on associations between individual socioeconomic position (SEP) and walking time from home to public green spaces in young people living in urban areas with more than 20,000 inhabitants in Germany. Data were derived from the German Environmental Survey for Children and Adolescents 2014–2017 (GerES V), the environmental module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2). The sample comprises 1149 participants aged 3 to 17 years. A total of 51.5% of the participants reach a public green space on foot within five and 72.8% within ten minutes from home. The lower the participant’s SEP, the longer the walking time. Logistic regression models controlling for age group, sex, migration background, and region of residence show that participants with a low SEP have a significantly higher risk (odds ratio = 1.98; 95% confidence interval: 1.31–2.99) of needing more than ten minutes to walk from home to a public green space than participants with a high SEP. GerES V data indicate that young people living in urban areas in Germany do not equally benefit from the health-promoting potential of green spaces, which is an important aspect of environmental health inequalities.

scholarly journals Green Spaces in Residential Areas of Dar es Salaam City: Types, Coverage and Uses

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Nicholaus Mwageni ◽  
Robert Kiunsi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Building Density ◽  
Dar Es Salaam City ◽  
The City

Green spaces in urban areas including in Dar es Salaam City provide multiple ecological, social and economic benefits. Despite their benefits they are inadequately documented in terms types, coverage and uses. This paper attempts to provide information on types, coverage and uses of green space in Dar es Salaam City. A number of methods including literature review, interpretation of remotely sensed image, interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaires were used to document city greenery. The research findings show that residential greenery is made up of greenery found within and external to plots. The dominant green spaces external to residential plots were natural and semi natural vegetation while within plots were woody plants, plots farms vegetable and ornamental gardens. Distribution of greenery varied among the wards due to differences in building density and distance from the city centre. Natural and semi natural vegetation increased with decrease of building density and increase of distance from the city centre, while the number of plots with trees for shade increased with increase of building density. Only Kawe ward that had greenery above Tanzania space planning standards, the other three wards which are informal settlements had green space deficit. Three quarters of the households use green spaces for shade provision and cooling, two thirds as a source of food products and a quarter for recreation and aesthetic purposes. The study reveals that Dar es Salaam City residents invest predominantly on shade trees in their residential plots compared to other green space types.

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Urban Parks and Their Driving Forces in Xi'an, China from 1949 to 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-115
Author(s):  
Xuhui Wang ◽  
Kewei Liu ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Jian Gong ◽  
Yanjun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Spatiotemporal Dynamics ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Human Wellbeing ◽  
Average Size

Urban parks play a key role in recreational activities, public health, and ecosystem services in urban areas. Using GIS and Fragstats, this study investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban parks in Xi'an, China from 1949 to 2015 and the corresponding driving forces. The results show that the number and area of parks in Xi'an increased constantly during this period, especially from 2000 to 2015. Up to 2015, small green spaces, usually adjacent to streets, occupied the largest proportion among all types of parks. Archaeological parks were the largest in total area, but wetland parks were leading in average size of a single park. The density of parks was negatively correlated with their distance to the Clock Tower at the center of Xi'an. The dynamics of urban parks in highly urbanized areas were significantly different from that of their counterparts in suburban areas. Driving forces such as urban planning, urbanization and green space policies, and milestone events in the city's development jointly had a great effect on the distribution of parks in Xi'an. The research outcomes will support the upcoming Green Space Planning of Xi'an and benefit the pursuit of sustainability and human wellbeing.

Where do the children play? An objective analysis of children’s use of green space

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Freeman ◽  
Ryan Gage ◽  
Tim Chambers ◽  
Paul Blaschke ◽  
Hera Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leisure Time ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Objective Analysis ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Wearable Cameras ◽  
Objective Research

Summary Green space is important for health, yet, objective research on children’s use of green space is sparse. This study aimed to objectively assess children’s use of green space in both public and private settings during their summer leisure time, using wearable cameras. Images from cameras worn by 74 children were analysed for green space use over 4 days. Children spent an average of ∼1/10 h of leisure time in green space in the summer months, were physically active 68%, and with others 85%, of the time. Green spaces are important places for children’s health because they are places they frequent and places where they are physically active and socialize. Wearable cameras provide an effective method for objective assessment of green space use.

scholarly journals Association between long working hours and sleep problems in white-collar workers

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1pt1) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOTOKO NAKASHIMA ◽  
YUKO MORIKAWA ◽  
MASARU SAKURAI ◽  
KOSHI NAKAMURA ◽  
KATSUYUKI MIURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Long Working Hours ◽  
White Collar Workers

scholarly journals Developing Green Infrastructure for Baghdad City

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Najeel Kamal AbdulRazzaq ◽  
Mayasa Farkad Abdul Raheem
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Environmental System ◽  
The Public

The public green spaces in Baghdad city have an obvious shortage and doesn’t fulfill and meet the needs of the population and the required open space criteria, moreover these green spaces are disjointed, disconnected and does not function as a unified system, that is why it suffers from neglect which contributes to deterioration of the city’s environment and increasing air pollution.     Human beings depended on nature into providing clean air and good health, with the growth of the population and the urban areas, there has been negative influence on the natural environmental system. A new term lately appeared “Green Infrastructure”especially in the developed countries (USA, UK and other countries in Europe), as one form of solutions to conserve the natural environmental system of green and open spaces. Consequently this thesis depended on this new green space approach to solve the green spaces problem in Baghdad city and suggested new sites in different locations in the city to be a new green spaces connected to the existing green spaces in Baghdad. This will increase the public green space areas, accessibility to these areas and social cohesion, it will also contribute to the improvement of the city’s environment by reducing air pollution and reducing air temperature especially during the long summer season. Other economic benefits could be achieved by planning for a connected network of green spaces in Baghdad city as well.

scholarly journals Optimization of Green Space Planning to Improve Ecosystem Services Efficiency: The Case of Chongqing Urban Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8441
Author(s):  
Shuiyu Yan ◽  
Jun Tang
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Buffer Analysis ◽  
Gis Software

This paper applied landscape indexes to evaluate the size, form, and structure of green spaces in the mountainous city of Chongqing and found that green spaces benefit from certain advantages in size, but the network suffered from low heterogeneity and limited interconnectivity. To ensure the integrity and continuity of ecological processes and improve the efficiency of ecosystem services (ES), the authors used Geographic Information System (GIS) software to conduct adaptability evaluation and adjacent buffer analysis for the existing green spaces, wetlands, rivers, and other landscapes with relatively high capacity for ES. We designed a comprehensive map of potential areas for UGS expansion by superimposing the maps obtained from adaptability evaluation and buffer analysis. We also proposed some strategies that respect, consider, and evaluate aspects and special features of urban environment to optimize green space planning and improve ES efficiency, such as protection of important areas, development of green corridors, and careful consideration of ecological processes and complex functions in urban areas. Based on these strategies, the paper put forth suggestions for green space planning to improve ES efficiency that can function as foundation for subsequent green space planning.

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