scholarly journals Multi-Function Tradeoffs of Land System in Urbanized Areas—A Case Study of Xi’an, China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Shao ◽  
Fei Li
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Qinling Mountains ◽  
The South ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Land System ◽  
The North ◽  
Trade Offs

Multi-functional trade-offs and synergy research on land systems are hotspots in geography and land science research, and are of great significance for achieving sustainable development of land use and the effective allocation of land resources. Recently, the development of the western region and The Belt and Road Initiative have become key topics, bringing opportunities and challenges to Xi’an. The rapid development of cities is accompanied by drastic changes in land use, and the ecological problems in the Qinling Mountains are becoming increasingly severe. This study took Xi’an as a case study and quantitatively evaluated the spatial-temporal patterns and trade-offs of land system functions such as economic development (ED), grain production (GP), ecological service (ES), etc. on the scale of 1 km × 1 km by fusing the data on land use, topography, soil, climate, and social economy. The results showed that the ED function of the land system continued to rise between 1980 and 2015, the GP function first declined and then increased; however, the ES function continued to decline. The ED, GP and ES functions respectively present a spatial pattern of high-value agglomeration, high in the north and low in the south, and high in the south and low in the north. In general, the three land system functions were trade-offs between each other. In terms of spatial pattern, ED and ES functions showed trade-offs in the south and a synergy distribution in the north; ESs and GP function trade-off zone significantly larger than the synergy zone, the trade-off between the two was significant; while the trade-off and the synergy zone for GP and ED was relatively small, the trade-off zone was the main one. The significant trade-off between GP and ES functions of the land system is a serious problem in land use in Xi’an. Under the premise of limited arable land, it is the current feasible strategy to promote the high-quality development of agriculture to increase the cultivation rate and efficiency, and to strengthen the ecological protection of arable land. In addition, the continued decline of ES functions is also worthy of attention. It is necessary to focus on increasing the greening rate of the city and strengthening the ecological management of the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains.

FLEXIBILITY VS. SPECIALISATION IN RO-RO SHIPPING IN THE SOUTH BALTIC SEA

Transport ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Woxenius
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
The South ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Short Sea Shipping ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Empirical Context ◽  
Selection Of

The trade-off between flexibility and specialisation implies delicate tasks for transport system designers and marketing managers. The outcome of their efforts ranges from highly specialised solutions for a restricted number of users and types of cargoes to very open systems for common use adapted to accommodate a wide variety of transport demands. The purpose of this article is to adapt theories on openness and trade-offs, characterise a selection of flexible and specialised European short sea shipping concepts and analyse how substantial changes in the future character of the competition with road and rail can affect the development of ro-ro shipping in the South Baltic Sea. A matrix with commercial openness and technological openness on the axes is used for categorising sub-segments in the empirical context of the South Baltic Sea. Foreseeable changes in key cost and competition parameters until 2020 are taken into account in discussing potential scenarios. A plausible outcome for the ferry/ro-ro shipping segment is that a branch with slow services for unaccompanied freight will be diverted from the current homogenous market offerings. During the study, the Swedish Orient Line launched a service with these characteristics, which is analysed in a case study.

scholarly journals Analysis of Flood Vulnerability Assessment in Urban Area (Case Study: North Semarang District)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Undayani Cita Sari ◽  
Raden Harya Dananjaya
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Maximum Score ◽  
Land System ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Approach Method

The disasters occurred in Semarang, as the capital city of Central Java, must be considered. This is because it can cause various impacts that can affect the wheels of government. One of the problems which continously occur in the Semarang city is flood. Flood can cause a variety of damage and losses both of material and non-material. This flood can be caused by various factors. In this study, analysed the causes of flooding that occurred in the Semarang City. The location in this study specifically was in the North Semarang District. Analysis was done using scoring analysis with approach method based on preview research. The scoring method performed by Haryani et al. (2012) was adopted in this study. This method used five variables. The variables were rainfall, land coverage, slope shape, land system, and elevation. According to analysis, it shows that four of five variables which are land coverage, slope shape, land system, and elevation, which related to topography and land use, have maximum score to influence the occurrence of flooding in North Semarang District. Accordingly, the North Semarang Subdistrict is categorized as prone to flood hazard. Moreover, with a lot of human activities as result of increasing the population growth, it influences the land use of North Semarang District which further increases the vulnerability of North Semarang District to flooding.

scholarly journals Migration and Land-Use and Land-Cover Change in Burkina Faso: a comparative case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Kago Nebie ◽  
Colin Thor West
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
The South ◽  
The North

<p>In the Sahelian country of Burkina Faso, West Africa, population pressure, poor resource management, and reduced rainfall have exacerbated land degradation. A rapidly growing population coupled with high rates of internal rural migration and thirty years of desiccation have resulted in profound land-use/land-cover change (LULCC) throughout the country. In the Central Plateau and northern regions of Burkina Faso, land degradation has historically stimulated large-scale out-migration toward more fertile areas in the south. While some northern provinces are being rehabilitated by Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) projects, southern provinces, considered more "pristine", have been neglected. In recent decades, researchers have attributed the initiation of land degradation processes in southern regions to this influx of migrants from the north. This study presents an empirical controlled case study between two provinces to better understand the dynamics of migration and LULC. One province, Bam Province in the north, has long been a zone of departure while Sissili Province in the south has long been a destination zone. Using a regional political ecology framework, we integrate a time series of LULCC data with demographic census data and local narratives to compare migration and LULCC trends in Bam and Sissili from 1975 to 2013. We find that in-migration correlates with substantial and dramatic LULCC while out-migration is associated with only moderate LULCC. This controlled comparison also suggests that local land-use/land-cover change and migration dynamically interact. As environmental conditions in Bam improve and Sissili deteriorate, long-term trends of either out- or in-migration for either province stabilize, and can even become reversed.</p><p><strong>Key Words</strong>: Burkina Faso, LULCC, migration, regional political ecology</p>

Arable land use intensity change in China from 1985 to 2005: evidence from integrated cropping systems and agro economic analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ZHOU ◽  
P. AN ◽  
Z. PAN ◽  
F. ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Land Use Intensity ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Changes ◽  
Arable Land Use

SUMMARYA cropping system is the consequence of environmental and socio-economic conditions that determine the intensity of agricultural land use. Accurate information on regional land use intensity and changes in land use intensity is important for food security and sustainable resource management in China. Therefore, a better understanding of the spatial and temporal changes in arable land use intensity (ALUI) based on the cropping system used is essential to comprehend the changes in land use and the sustainability of the food system. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the spatial difference in ALUI and how it has changed in China by comparing data on cropping systems from 1985 and 2005. The basic cropping system data were acquired from the 1985 reference book and the 2005 national land use investigation. The ALUI was defined by the application of inputs (irrigation water and fertilizer) to arable land and the duration of disturbances (the duration of cultivation and the frequency of cropping), and it was calculated using the information entropy approach at the cropping region scale (cropping region being defined by the geographical and climatic conditions at the beginning of the 1980s). Spatial and temporal changes in the ALUI in China over the past two decades were observed and analysed. The results indicated a clear pattern in ALUI, increasing from the north to the south in 2005. Furthermore, the ALUI significantly increased after the 1980s, but the rate of increase was lower in the south than in the north. The most intensive land use in 1985 was in the area of the lower reach of the Yangtze and Huai Rivers, and it expanded northwards towards the Huang-Huai-Hai plain in 2005. The large increase in intensity in the northern single-cropping regions was strongly associated with a rapid increase in inputs and longer duration of cultivation. Decreases in duration of cultivation and planting area helped slow the ALUI increase in multiple cropping regions, which were concentrated in coastal and economically developed regions where more fertile soil and suitable climates existed, allowing the growth of multiple crops. These results suggested that a decrease in the planting area and a slow increase in the ALUI in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, South China, Southeast China and Northeast China should be of concern, but land use in some western regions should maintain the land production capacity to build sustainable cropping. In the future, it will be necessary to produce more food in a more sustainable way.

scholarly journals Influence of the North Atlantic oscillation on the atmospheric levels of benzo[a]pyrene over Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero ◽  
Nuno Ratola
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
The South ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

AbstractThe atmospheric concentration of persistent organic pollutants (and of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, in particular) is closely related to climate change and climatic fluctuations, which are likely to influence contaminant’s transport pathways and transfer processes. Predicting how climate variability alters PAHs concentrations in the atmosphere still poses an exceptional challenge. In this sense, the main objective of this contribution is to assess the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index and the mean concentration of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, the most studied PAH congener) in a domain covering Europe, with an emphasis on the effect of regional-scale processes. A numerical simulation for a present climate period of 30 years was performed using a regional chemistry transport model with a 25 km spatial resolution (horizontal), higher than those commonly applied. The results show an important seasonal behaviour, with a remarkable spatial pattern of difference between the north and the south of the domain. In winter, higher BaP ground levels are found during the NAO+ phase for the Mediterranean basin, while the spatial pattern of this feature (higher BaP levels during NAO+ phases) moves northwards in summer. These results show deviations up to and sometimes over 100% in the BaP mean concentrations, but statistically significant signals (p<0.1) of lower changes (20–40% variations in the signal) are found for the north of the domain in winter and for the south in summer.

scholarly journals Toward Inclusive Landscape Governance in Contested Landscapes: Exploring the Contribution of Participatory Tools in the Upper Suriname River Basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Best ◽  
Kimberley Fung-Loy ◽  
Nafiesa Ilahibaks ◽  
Sara O. I. Ramirez-Gomez ◽  
Erika N. Speelman
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Scenario Planning ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Landscape Governance ◽  
Information Tools ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Trade Offs

AbstractNowadays, tropical forest landscapes are commonly characterized by a multitude of interacting institutions and actors with competing land-use interests. In these settings, indigenous and tribal communities are often marginalized in landscape-level decision making. Inclusive landscape governance inherently integrates diverse knowledge systems, including those of indigenous and tribal communities. Increasingly, geo-information tools are recognized as appropriate tools to integrate diverse interests and legitimize the voices, values, and knowledge of indigenous and tribal communities in landscape governance. In this paper, we present the contribution of the integrated application of three participatory geo-information tools to inclusive landscape governance in the Upper Suriname River Basin in Suriname: (i) Participatory 3-Dimensional Modelling, (ii) the Trade-off! game, and (iii) participatory scenario planning. The participatory 3-dimensional modelling enabled easy participation of community members, documentation of traditional, tacit knowledge and social learning. The Trade-off! game stimulated capacity building and understanding of land-use trade-offs. The participatory scenario planning exercise helped landscape actors to reflect on their own and others’ desired futures while building consensus. Our results emphasize the importance of systematically considering tool attributes and key factors, such as facilitation, for participatory geo-information tools to be optimally used and fit with local contexts. The results also show how combining the tools helped to build momentum and led to diverse yet complementary insights, thereby demonstrating the benefits of integrating multiple tools to address inclusive landscape governance issues.

scholarly journals Modelling land system evolution and dynamics of terrestrial carbon stocks in the Luanhe River Basin, China: a scenario analysis of trade-offs and synergies between sustainable development goals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiren Xu ◽  
Fabrice G. Renaud ◽  
Brian Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Luanhe River Basin ◽  
Land System ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Development Goals

AbstractA more holistic understanding of land use and land cover (LULC) will help minimise trade-offs and maximise synergies, and lead to improved future land use management strategies for the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, current assessments of future LULC changes rarely focus on the multiple demands for goods and services, which are related to the synergies and trade-offs between SDGs and their targets. In this study, the land system (combinations of land cover and land use intensity) evolution trajectories of the Luanhe River Basin (LRB), China, and major challenges that the LRB may face in 2030, were explored by applying the CLUMondo and InVEST models. The results indicate that the LRB is likely to experience agricultural intensification and urban growth under all four scenarios that were explored. The cropland intensity and the urban growth rate were much higher under the historical trend (Trend) scenario compared to those with more planning interventions (Expansion, Sustainability, and Conservation scenarios). Unless the forest area and biodiversity conservation targets are implemented (Conservation scenario), the forest areas are projected to decrease by 2030. The results indicate that water scarcity in the LRB is likely to increase under all scenarios, and the carbon storage will increase under the Conservation scenario but decrease under all other scenarios by 2030. Our methodological framework and findings can guide regional sustainable development in the LRB and other large river basins in China, and will be valuable for policy and planning purposes to the pursuance of SDGs at the sub-national scale.

scholarly journals CARTOGRAFIAS DA VITICULTURA EM MINAS GERAIS: da gênese no Sul à expansão para o Norte

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. 202106
Author(s):  
Marcelo Cervo Chelotti ◽  
Rosa Maria Vieira Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
Agricultural Census

CARTOGRAPHS OF VITICULTURE IN MINAS GERAIS: from South genesis to North expansionCARTOGRAFÍAS DE LA VITICULTURA EN MINAS GERAIS: de la génesis en el Sur a la expansión al NorteRESUMOO presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a reorientação no deslocamento do padrão espacial do cultivo de uvas no estado de Minas Gerais, originalmente localizado no Sul, mas expandiu-se para o norte mineiro nas últimas décadas. Os procedimentos metodológicos centraram-se na revisão de literatura sobre a viticultura no Brasil, e na coleta em dados secundários na Pesquisa Agrícola Municipal/PAM/IBGE, nos Censos Agropecuários do IBGE, além do Banco de Dados de Uva, Vinho e Derivados/VITIBRASIL. Os mapas temáticos demonstraram a dinâmica da viticultura em Minas Gerais, evidenciando uma mudança no padrão espacial, ou seja, historicamente concentrada no sul do estado, mas verificamos no pós-1990 uma expansão geográfica para o norte, principalmente em direção ao Cerrado e vale do Rio São Francisco. O papel desempenhado pela pesquisa, na busca de novas técnicas para a viticultura em regiões tropicais, tem uma grande centralidade nesse processo, uma vez que estamos diante de um novo paradigma para a produção de uvas e vinhos.Palavras-chave: Viticultura; Regionalização; Geografia do Vinho; Minas Gerais.ABSTRACTThis article has the goal to analyze the reorientation in the displacement of the spatial pattern of grape cultivation in the state of Minas Gerais, originally located in the south, but has expanded to the north of Minas Gerais in recent decades. The methodological procedures focused on the literature review on viticulture in Brazil, and the collection of secondary data from the Municipal Agricultural Research/PAM/IBGE, the IBGE Agricultural Census, and the Grape, Wine and Derivatives Database/VITIBRASIL. Thematic maps showed the dynamics of viticulture in Minas Gerais, showing a change in the spatial pattern, that is, historically concentrated in the south of the state. Sao Francisco River. The role played by the research in the search for new techniques for viticulture in tropical regions has a great centrality in this process, since we are facing a new paradigm for the production of grapes and wines.Keywords: Viticulture; Regionalization; Wine Geography; Minas Gerais.RESUMENEl presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la reorientación en el desplazamiento del patrón espacial del cultivo de la uva en el estado de Minas Gerais, originalmente ubicado en el sur, pero se ha expandido al norte de Minas Gerais en las últimas décadas. Los procedimientos metodológicos se centraron en la revisión de la literatura sobre viticultura en Brasil, y en la recopilación de datos secundarios en la Investigación Agrícola Municipal/PAM/IBGE, en los Censos Agrícolas del IBGE, además de la Base de Datos de Uva, Vino y Derivados/VITIBRASIL. Los mapas temáticos demostraron la dinámica de la viticultura en Minas Gerais, mostrando un cambio en el patrón espacial, es decir, históricamente concentrado en el sur del estado, pero en la década de 1990 verificamos una expansión geográfica hacia el norte, principalmente hacia el Cerrado y Vale do Río São Francisco El papel desempeñado por la investigación, en la búsqueda de nuevas técnicas para la viticultura en las regiones tropicales, tiene una gran centralidad en este proceso, ya que nos enfrentamos a un nuevo paradigma para la producción de uvas y vinos.Palabras-clave: Viticultura; Regionalización; Geografía del Vino; Minas Gerais.

A Case Study of Planning

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon Boarnet ◽  
Randall C. Crane
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
San Diego ◽  
The United States ◽  
San Diego County ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
The South

The facts, figures, and inferences in chapter 7 regarding municipal behavior toward transit-oriented housing opportunities illustrate many points. Still, there is much that even a careful statistical analysis might miss or misunderstand. For that reason, we also explored what we could learn by talking to real planners about these issues. The case of San Diego is interesting and useful for several reasons. First, the San Diego Trolley is the oldest of the current generation of light rail projects in the United States. Unlike many newer systems, the age of San Diego’s rail transit (the South Line opened in 1981) allows time for land use planning to respond to the fixed investment. Second, the San Diego system is no stranger to modern transit-based planning ideas. The San Diego City Council approved a land-use plan for their stations that includes many of the ideas promoted by transit-oriented development (TOD) advocates (City of San Diego, 1992). Third, the light rail transit (LRT) authority in San Diego County, the Metropolitan Transit Development Board (MTDB), is often regarded as one of the more successful municipal LRT agencies. The initial parts of the MTDB rail transit system were constructed strictly with state and local funds, using readily available, relatively low-cost technology (Demoro and Harder, 1989, p. 6). Portions of San Diego’s system have high fare-box recovery rates, including the South Line, which in its early years recovered as much as 90 percent of operating costs at the fare box (Gómez-Ibáñez, 1985). All of these factors make San Diego potentially a “best-case” example of TOD implementation. When generalizing from this case study, it is important to remember that the transit station area development process in San Diego is likely better developed than in many other urban areas in the United States. The results from San Diego County can illustrate general issues that, if they have not already been encountered, might soon become important in other urban areas with rail transit systems. Also, given San Diego County’s longer history of both LRT and TOD when compared with most other regions, any barriers identified in San Diego County might be even more important elsewhere.

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