scholarly journals Non-Intrusive Presence Detection and Position Tracking for Multiple People Using Low-Resolution Thermal Sensors

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saipriyati Singh ◽  
Baris Aksanli
Keyword(s):  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Position Tracking ◽  
Thermal Sensors ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
User Privacy ◽  
Algorithm Selection ◽  
Multimedia Resources ◽  
Static Activity ◽  
Ambient Data ◽  
Privacy Issues

This paper presents a framework to accurately and non-intrusively detect the number of people in an environment and track their positions. Different from most of the previous studies, our system setup uses only ambient thermal sensors with low-resolution, using no multimedia resources or wearable sensors. This preserves user privacy in the environment, and requires no active participation by the users, causing no discomfort. We first develop multiple methods to estimate the number of people in the environment. Our experiments demonstrate that algorithm selection is very important, but with careful selection, we can obtain up to 100% accuracy when detecting user presence. In addition, we prove that sensor placement plays a crucial role in the system performance, where placing the sensor on the room ceiling yields to the best results. After accurately finding the number of people in the environment, we perform position tracking on the collected ambient data, which are thermal images of the space where there are multiple people. We consider position tracking as static activity detection, where the user’s position does not change while performing activities, such as sitting, standing, etc. We perform efficient pre-processing on the data, including normalization and resizing, and then feed the data into well-known machine learning methods. We tested the efficiency of our framework (including the hardware and software setup) by detecting four static activities. Our results show that we can achieved up to 97.5% accuracy when detecting these static activities, with up to 100% class-wise precision and recall rates. Our framework can be very beneficial to several applications such as health-care, surveillance, and home automation, without causing any discomfort or privacy issues for the users.

scholarly journals Hy-Bridge: A Hybrid Blockchain for Privacy-Preserving and Trustful Energy Transactions in Internet-of-Things Platforms

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Daghmehchi Firoozjaei ◽  
Ali Ghorbani ◽  
Hyoungshick Kim ◽  
JaeSeung Song
Keyword(s):  
Service Management ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Information Leakage ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
User Privacy ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Iot Platform ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
Privacy Issues ◽  
Local Block

In the current centralized IoT ecosystems, all financial transactions are routed through IoT platform providers. The security and privacy issues are inevitable with an untrusted or compromised IoT platform provider. To address these issues, we propose Hy-Bridge, a hybrid blockchain-based billing and charging framework. In Hy-Bridge, the IoT platform provider plays no proxy role, and IoT users can securely and efficiently share a credit with other users. The trustful end-to-end functionality of blockchain helps us to provide accountability and reliability features in IoT transactions. Furthermore, with the blockchain-distributed consensus, we provide a credit-sharing feature for IoT users in the energy and utility market. To provide this feature, we introduce a local block framework for service management in the credit-sharing group. To preserve the IoT users’ privacy and avoid any information leakage to the main blockchain, an interconnection position, called bridge, is introduced to isolate IoT users’ peer-to-peer transactions and link the main blockchain to its subnetwork blockchain(s) in a hybrid model. To this end, a k-anonymity protection is performed on the bridge. To evaluate the performance of the introduced hybrid blockchain-based billing and charging, we simulated the energy use case scenario using Hy-Bridge. Our simulation results show that Hy-Bridge could protect user privacy with an acceptable level of information loss and CPU and memory usage.

scholarly journals Privacy-Enhancing Preferential LBS Query for Mobile Social Network Users

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Madhuri Siddula ◽  
Yingshu Li ◽  
Xiuzhen Cheng ◽  
Zhi Tian ◽  
Zhipeng Cai
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Location Privacy ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
Friendship Networks ◽  
Mobile Social Network ◽  
User Privacy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Privacy Issues

While social networking sites gain massive popularity for their friendship networks, user privacy issues arise due to the incorporation of location-based services (LBS) into the system. Preferential LBS takes a user’s social profile along with their location to generate personalized recommender systems. With the availability of the user’s profile and location history, we often reveal sensitive information to unwanted parties. Hence, providing location privacy to such preferential LBS requests has become crucial. However, the current technologies focus on anonymizing the location through granularity generalization. Such systems, although provides the required privacy, come at the cost of losing accurate recommendations. Hence, in this paper, we propose a novel location privacy-preserving mechanism that provides location privacy through k-anonymity and provides the most accurate results. Experimental results that focus on mobile users and context-aware LBS requests prove that the proposed method performs superior to the existing methods.

scholarly journals Multi-Bernoulli Tracking Approach for Occupancy Monitoring of Smart Buildings Using Low-Resolution Infrared Sensor Array

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3127
Author(s):  
Ramtin Rabiee ◽  
Johannes Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Privacy Concern ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
User Privacy ◽  
Smart Buildings ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Occupancy Monitoring

Knowledge about the indoor occupancy is one of the important sources of information to design smart buildings. In some applications, the number of occupants in each zone is required. However, there are many challenges such as user privacy, communication limit, and sensor’s computational capability in development of the occupancy monitoring systems. In this work, a people flow counting algorithm has been developed which uses low-resolution thermal images to avoid any privacy concern. Moreover, the proposed scheme is designed to be applicable for wireless sensor networks based on the internet-of-things platform. Simple low-complexity image processing techniques are considered to detect possible objects in sensor’s field of view. To tackle the noisy detection measurements, a multi-Bernoulli target tracking approach is used to track and finally to count the number of people passing the area of interest in different directions. Based on the sensor node’s processing capability, one can consider either a centralized or a full in situ people flow counting system. By performing the tracking part either in sensor node or in a fusion center, there would be a trade off between the computational complexity and the transmission rate. Therefore, the developed system can be performed in a wide range of applications with different processing and transmission constraints. The accuracy and robustness of the proposed method are also evaluated with real measurements from different conducted trials and open-source dataset.

scholarly journals How can nudging solve some of the internet data privacy issues

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-19
Author(s):  
Cinthia Obladen De Almendra Freitas ◽  
Giovanna Michelato Almada
Keyword(s):  
Information Society ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Privacy Rights ◽  
User Privacy ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
The Right ◽  
Privacy Issues ◽  
Over Time

The development of new technologies often arouses discussions concerning privacy rights. Consequently, when the Internet became popular and worldwide spread, user privacy concerns also began to arise. Therefore, with the emergence of the information society, the notion of user privacy became variable and has changed over time and according to the region. Consequently, its concept has been modified over the decades too. In 1890, privacy was defined as the right to be left alone. As time passed, the idea of privacy has changed and has become more and more multifaceted, as a reflection of intrinsic aspects of the society. Even with the volatility of this concept, privacy is a fundamental right, as well as essential for a citizen to use the Internet properly. Although it is a fundamental right, people tend to give up on their privacy because of functionalities on the Internet or exchange it for small rewards. However, users often do not have the knowledge about the exchanges or violations. In order to solve some of the Internet data privacy issues, Libertarian Paternalism may be used. Different researches were conducted by applying this theory in the data privacy sphere. By using nudges, it is possible to help people choose wisely how to protect privacy, or at least to give them the right amount of information and guide users to the best option.

Impact of privacy, trust and user activity on intentions to share Facebook photos

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqdas Malik ◽  
Kari Hiekkanen ◽  
Amandeep Dhir ◽  
Marko Nieminen
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Research Model ◽  
User Privacy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Photo Sharing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Privacy Issues

Purpose The popularity of Facebook photo sharing has not only seen a surge in the number of photos shared but also has raised various issues concerning user privacy and self-disclosure. Recent literature has documented the increasing interest of the research community in understanding various privacy issues concerning self-disclosures on Facebook. However, little is known about how different privacy issues, trust and activity influence users’ intentions to share photos on Facebook. To bridge this gap, a research model was developed and tested to better understand the impact of privacy concerns, privacy awareness and privacy-seeking on trust and actual photo sharing activity and subsequently on photo sharing intentions. This study aims to examine the consequences of various facets of privacy associated with photo sharing activity on Facebook. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional data from 378 respondents were collected and analysed using partial least squares modelling. Findings The results revealed a significant relationship between various aspects of privacy, including awareness and protective behaviour, with trust and activity. Furthermore, trust and users’ photo sharing activity significantly impact photo sharing intentions on Facebook. Originality/value This study contributes new knowledge concerning various privacy issues and their impact on photo sharing activity and trust. The study also proposes implications that are highly relevant for social networking sites, media agencies and organisations involved in safeguarding the privacy of online users.

scholarly journals A Review on Security and Privacy Issues in Wireless Body Area Networks for Healthcare Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Vineeta Shrivastava ◽  
Mayank Namdev
Keyword(s):  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Communication Architecture ◽  
High Level ◽  
Privacy Issues

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a new trend in the technology that provides remote mechanism to monitor and collect patient’s health record data using wearable sensors. It is widely recognized that a high level of system security and privacy play a key role in protecting these data when being used by the healthcare professionals and during storage to ensure that patient’s records are kept safe from intruder’s danger. It is therefore of great interest to discuss security and privacy issues in WBANs. In this paper, we reviewed WBAN communication architecture, security and privacy requirements and security threats and the primary challenges in WBANs to these systems based on the latest standards and publications. This paper also covers the state-of-art security measures and research in WBAN.

Privacy-Preserved Social Distancing System Using Low-Resolution Thermal Sensors and Deep Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha Fahad Alraeesi ◽  
Hanan Fekri Kharbash ◽  
Jawaher Saif Alghfeli ◽  
Shamma Sultan Alsaedi ◽  
Munkhjargal Gochoo
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Thermal Sensors ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Social Distancing

Digital library user privacy: changing librarian viewpoints through education

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younghee Noh
Keyword(s):  
Controversial Issues ◽  
User Privacy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
User Data ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Filter Bubbles ◽  
Privacy Violation ◽  
Data Libraries ◽  
Privacy Issues ◽  
Library User

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to research attempts to educate public librarians in the importance of user privacy issues and assist in reducing privacy violations by providing librarians with an educational program on the subject and measuring its effects. Design/methodology/approach – Research was conducted to examine the influence of education on library user privacy. An education program on the topic was developed and effects of the training were measured with pre- and post-seminar surveys. Findings – Concern for the protection of user privacy increased after the training, and its importance was rated higher as participating librarians became aware of the current likelihood of privacy violations, given the amount of user data libraries collect regularly. The demand for user privacy education also significantly increased after the librarian training course had been completed. Originality/value – This research verified that user privacy awareness can be greatly improved by educating librarians. The awareness change in librarians could greatly contribute to user protection and the basic mission of the library while controversial issues about privacy violation and filter bubbles are seriously discussed.

scholarly journals Practical pairing-Free sensor cooperation scheme for cloud-Assisted wireless body area networks

Cybersecurity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanzhao Song ◽  
Haowen Tan
Keyword(s):  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Body Area Networks ◽  
Wireless Body Area Networks ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
User Privacy ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Active Sensor ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Paper Construct

Abstract Nowadays, the design and construction of efficient internet of things (IoTs) has become a new strategies for improving living quality of all aspects. Emerging as one of the most significant extension of medical IoTs, wireless body area networks (WBANs) is capable of monitoring crucial physiological and behavioral information through wearable sensors, offering a new paradigm for the next-generation healthcare systems. As a matter of fact, due to the inherent open wireless communicating characteristics, data security and user privacy issues of WBANs have attracted attentions from both industry and academia. So far, lots of relevant researches emphasize on secure transmission and privacy protection. However, the computation and communication limitations for individual WBAN sensor have not been taken proper consideration. Moreover, the implementation of cloud computing infrastructure has provided WBANs with superior transmission and processing qualities. Emphasizing on the above issues, this paper construct a pairing-free authentication and sensor cooperation scheme in cloud-assisted WBANs, where most of the practical requirements for WBAN sensors could be satisfied. Our design guarantee the sensor anonymity in the whole transmission session. Note that our design offers pairing-free validation procedure followed with active sensor cooperation, which is suitable for massive sensor scenarios. The security analysis proves that our designed scheme is capable of achieving desired security properties and offer adequate resistances to the charted malicious attacks. Meanwhile, security comparison demonstrates that the proposed protocol is secure compared with the state-of-the-arts.

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