scholarly journals Context-Based Dynamic Meshed Backhaul Construction for 5G Heterogeneous Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gia Tran ◽  
Ricardo Santos ◽  
Hiroaki Ogawa ◽  
Makoto Nakamura ◽  
Kei Sakaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Base Stations ◽  
Preliminary Measurement ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Traffic Distribution ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Cell Base ◽  
Dynamic Formation

Five-G heterogeneous network overlaid by millimeter-wave (mmWave) access employs mmWave meshed backhauling as a promising cost-efficient backhaul architecture. Due to the nature of mobile traffic distribution in practice which is both time-variant and spatially non-uniform, dynamic construction of mmWave meshed backhaul is a prerequisite to support the varying traffic distribution. Focusing on such scenario of outdoor dynamic crowd (ODC), this paper proposes a novel method to control mmWave meshed backhaul for efficient operation of mmWave overlay 5G HetNet through Software-Defined Network (SDN) technology. Our algorithm is featured by two functionalities, i.e., backhauling route multiplexing for overloaded mmWave small cell base stations (SC-BSs) and mmWave SC-BSs’ ON/OFF status switching for underloaded spot. In this paper, the effectiveness of the proposed meshed network is confirmed by both numerical analyses and experimental results. Simulations are conducted over a practical user distribution modeled from measured data in realistic environments. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm can cope with the locally intensive traffic and reduce energy consumption. Furthermore, a WiGig (Wireless Gigabit Alliance certified) device based testbed is developed for Proof-of-Concept (PoC) and preliminary measurement results confirm the proposed dynamic formation of the meshed network’s efficiency.

scholarly journals Context-Based Dynamic Meshed Backhaul Construction for 5G Heterogeneous Networks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gia Khanh Tran ◽  
Ricardo Santos ◽  
Hiroaki Ogawa ◽  
Makoto Nakamura ◽  
Kei Sakaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Base Stations ◽  
Preliminary Measurement ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Traffic Distribution ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Cell Base ◽  
Dynamic Formation

5G heterogeneous network overlaid by millimeter-wave (mmWave) access employs mmWave meshed backhauling as a promising cost-efficient backhaul architecture. Due to the nature of mobile traffic distribution in practice which is both time-variant and spatially non-uniform, dynamic construction of mmWave meshed backhaul is prerequisite to support the varying traffic distribution. Focusing on such scenario of outdoor dynamic crowd (ODC), this paper proposes a novel method to control mmWave meshed backhaul for efficient operation of mmWave overlay 5G HetNet through Software-Defined Network (SDN) technology. Our algorithm is featured by two functionalities, i.e., backhauling route multiplexing for overloaded mmWave small cell base stations (SC-BSs) and mmWave SC-BSs’ ON/OFF status switching for underloaded spot. In this paper, the effectiveness of the proposed meshed network is confirmed by both numerical analyses and experimental results. Simulations are conducted over a practical user distribution modeled from measured data in realistic environments. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm can cope with the locally intensive traffic and reduce energy consumption. Furthermore, a WiGig (Wireless Gigabit Alliance certified) device based testbed is developed for Proof-of-Concept (PoC) and preliminary measurement results confirm the proposed dynamic formation of the meshed network’s efficiency.

scholarly journals The peak windowing for PAPR reduction in software defined radio base stations

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-287
Author(s):  
Borisav Jovanovic ◽  
Srdjan Milenkovic
Keyword(s):  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Papr Reduction ◽  
Error Vector Magnitude ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Code Division Multiple ◽  
Wireless Infrastructure

The utilization of the techniques for Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction makes the wireless infrastructure conform to rigorous telecommunication standard specifications (error vector magnitude (EVM), bit error rate (BER), transmit spectrum mask (TSM)). In modern modulation schemes reduction of PAPR is important requirement for distortion free and energy-efficient operation of power amplifiers (PA). In this paper novel implementation of Peak Windowing method for PAPR reduction in Software Defined Radio (SDR) Base Stations (BS) is presented. The measurement results in terms of EVM and ACPR are given for 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) modulations. In case of 10MHz LTE signal, we achieved PAPR = 8 dB, EVM = 2.0%, ACPR -52dBc at modulated PA output, antenna point.

Methods and preliminary measurement results of liquid Li wettability

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 023506 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Z. Zuo ◽  
J. S. Hu ◽  
J. Ren ◽  
Z. Sun ◽  
Q. X. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Measurement ◽  
Measurement Results

scholarly journals Cost Analysis of a Novel Method for Ecological Compensation—A Study of the Translocation of Dead Wood

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6075
Author(s):  
Ola Lindroos ◽  
Malin Söderlind ◽  
Joel Jensen ◽  
Joakim Hjältén
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Delivery Times ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost

Translocation of dead wood is a novel method for ecological compensation and restoration that could, potentially, provide a new important tool for biodiversity conservation. With this method, substrates that normally have long delivery times are instantly created in a compensation area, and ideally many of the associated dead wood dwelling organisms are translocated together with the substrates. However, to a large extent, there is a lack of knowledge about the cost efficiency of different methods of ecological compensation. Therefore, the costs for different parts of a translocation process and its dependency on some influencing factors were studied. The observed cost was 465 SEK per translocated log for the actual compensation measure, with an additional 349 SEK/log for work to enable evaluation of the translocation’s ecological results. Based on time studies, models were developed to predict required work time and costs for different transportation distances and load sizes. Those models indicated that short extraction and insertion distances for logs should be prioritized over road transportation distances to minimize costs. They also highlighted a trade-off between costs and time until a given ecological value is reached in the compensation area. The methodology used can contribute to more cost-efficient operations and, by doing so, increase the use of ecological compensation and the benefits from a given input.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Operation of Cellular Network Using On/Off Base Stations

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 108210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Hoon Choi ◽  
Jungerl Lee ◽  
Juhoon Back ◽  
Suwon Park ◽  
Young-uk Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Cellular Network ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Efficient Operation

HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION LEVELS OF BASE STATIONS,INSTALLED ON THE ROOFS OF BUILDINGS AND THE TERRITORY OF LAND PLOTS IN TASHKENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
G. A. Tashpulatova ◽  
◽  
A. N. Krasavin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Energy Flux ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Cellular Communications ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Energy Flux Density

This article is about instrumental measurements of the FR EMR energy flux density. The measurement results were analyzed with the division of the data obtained by the purpose of buildings and the height of the antenna equipment placement, a hygienic assessment of the RF EMR levels created by the equipment of base stations of cellular communications, installed on the roofs of residential and public buildings and adjacent territories of Tashkent is given. A proposal is made on the rational placement of radio engineering facilities.Keywords:electromagnetic field; electromagnetic safety; base station for mobile communications; protection of public health; sanitary supervision

scholarly journals Design and Technical Analysis of HVAC Ventilation System in Green Building

2021 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 03039
Author(s):  
Jiawen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption

In recent years, the construction industry has developed rapidly, and there are more and more urban construction projects. The corresponding design requirements for HVAC systems are also getting higher and higher. HVAC has been widely used in all kinds of buildings. While providing convenience for people, environmental pollution has gradually become a topic of concern for people. Therefore, when designing the HVAC system, HVAC not only meets the needs of customers, but also uses green energy saving technology to reduce energy consumption as far as possible. Reduce environmental pollution, so that the HVAC ventilation system of tall buildings can be in a stable and efficient operation state. Improve the operation effect of air conditioning, while reducing energy consumption.

A 2.14-GHz GaN MMIC Doherty Power Amplifier for Small-Cell Base Stations

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheol Ho Kim ◽  
Seunghoon Jee ◽  
Gweon-Do Jo ◽  
Kwangchun Lee ◽  
Bumman Kim
Keyword(s):  
Power Amplifier ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Doherty Power Amplifier ◽  
Cell Base

scholarly journals A Novel Method for Notable Reducing Phase Transition Temperature of VO2 Films for Smart Energy Efficient Windows

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Guan ◽  
Dongping Zhang ◽  
Yu Yang ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Aihua Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Carrier Concentration ◽  
Phase Transition Temperature ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
High Transition ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Parameters Measurement

Although Vanadium dioxide (VO2) has a potential application value for smart energy efficient windows because of its unique phase transition characteristic, there are still many obstacles that need to be overcome. One challenge is to reduce its high transition temperature (ζc = 68 °C) to near room temperature without causing its phase transition performance degradation. In this paper, a novel method was employed that covered a 3 nm ultra-thin heavy Cr-doped VO2 layer on the pure VO2 films. Compared with the as-grown pure VO2, obviously, phase transition temperature decreasing from 59.5 °C to 48.0 °C was observed. Different from previous doping techniques, almost no phase transition performance weakening occurred. Based on the microstructure and electrical parameters measurement results, the mechanism of ζc reducing was discussed. The upper ultra-thin heavy Cr-doped layer may act as the induced role of phase transition. With temperature increasing, carrier concentration increased from the upper heavy Cr-doped layer to the bottom pure VO2 layer by diffusion, and induced the carrier concentration reach to phase transition critical value from top to bottom gradually. The present method is not only a simpler technique, but also avoids expensive alloy targets.

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