scholarly journals Pharmaco-Metabolomics of Inhaled Corticosteroid Response in Individuals with Asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1148
Author(s):  
Priyadarshini Kachroo ◽  
Joanne E. Sordillo ◽  
Sharon M. Lutz ◽  
Scott T. Weiss ◽  
Rachel S. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
P Value ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroid ◽  
Asthma Exacerbations ◽  
Acid Metabolites ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Endogenous Metabolites

Metabolomic indicators of asthma treatment responses have yet to be identified. In this study, we aimed to uncover plasma metabolomic profiles associated with asthma exacerbations while on inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment. We determined whether these profiles change with age from adolescence to adulthood. We utilized data from 170 individuals with asthma on ICS from the Mass General Brigham Biobank to identify plasma metabolites associated with asthma exacerbations while on ICS and examined potential effect modification of metabolite-exacerbation associations by age. We used liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomic profiling. Sex-stratified analyses were also performed for the significant associations. The age range of the participating individuals was 13–43 years with a mean age of 33.5 years. Of the 783 endogenous metabolites tested, eight demonstrated significant associations with exacerbation after correction for multiple comparisons and adjusting for potential confounders (Bonferroni p value < 6.2 × 10−4). Potential effect modification by sex was detected for fatty acid metabolites, with males showing a greater reduction in their metabolite levels with ICS exacerbation. Thirty-eight metabolites showed suggestive interactions with age on exacerbation (nominal p-value < 0.05). Our findings demonstrate that plasma metabolomic profiles differ for individuals who experience asthma exacerbations while on ICS. The differentiating metabolites may serve as biomarkers of ICS response and may highlight metabolic pathways underlying ICS response variability.

Association of Vitamin D Levels and Other Risk Factors with Asthma Exacerbations in Children

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Persistent Asthma ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
P Value ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Asthma Exacerbations ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Animal Dander

Background: The risk factors for asthma exacerbations are well understood. However, the effect of vitamin D levels on number of asthma exacerbations per year is not clearly studied. The objective of the study was to find out the association of serum vitamin D levels and asthma risk factors on asthma exacerbations. Methods: In this study, ninety-nine subjects from 5 to 15 years of age were recruited at an episode of acute exacerbation. It was a cross sectional study and carried out from 2012 to 2015. Pulmonary function test was done by spirometry. Asthma exacerbation was labeled when forced expiratory volume/ forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio was less than 80% (American Thoracic Society). Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines were used to classify asthma into mild, moderate and severe persistent asthma. Serum vitamin D levels were measured by chemiluminescence method. Pearson Chi-square test was applied and p value (p<0.05) was considered as statistically significant. Results: Children who had exposure to animal dander had significantly lower asthma exacerbations per year (p-value <0.046). There was no significant association between vitamin D levels and number of exacerbations per years (p-value <0.099). Asthma was prevalent in girls of low socioeconomic status (SES) compared to males. However, there was no significant association between smoke, exercise, home environment, food allergies, weather, pollen and dust with asthma exacerbations. Conclusion: Low levels of vitamin D were not associated with increased number of asthma exacerbations per year. However, children exposed to animal dander had lesser number of exacerbations per year (p-value <0.046). Keywords: Asthma; Vitamin D; Children; Exacerbations, Risk factors.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status and risk of type 2 diabetes in the Norwegian HUNT cohort study: does family history or genetic predisposition modify the association?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e001948
Author(s):  
Marion Denos ◽  
Xiao-Mei Mai ◽  
Bjørn Olav Åsvold ◽  
Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd ◽  
Yue Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
P Value ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

IntroductionWe sought to investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adults who participated in the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), and the possible effect modification by family history and genetic predisposition.Research design and methodsThis prospective study included 3574 diabetes-free adults at baseline who participated in the HUNT2 (1995–1997) and HUNT3 (2006–2008) surveys. Serum 25(OH)D levels were determined at baseline and classified as <50 and ≥50 nmol/L. Family history of diabetes was defined as self-reported diabetes among parents and siblings. A Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) for T2DM based on 166 single-nucleotide polymorphisms was generated. Incident T2DM was defined by self-report and/or non-fasting glucose levels greater than 11 mmol/L and serum glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody level of <0.08 antibody index at the follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to calculate adjusted ORs with 95% CIs. Effect modification by family history or PRS was assessed by likelihood ratio test (LRT).ResultsOver 11 years of follow-up, 92 (2.6%) participants developed T2DM. A higher risk of incident T2DM was observed in participants with serum 25(OH)D level of<50 nmol/L compared with those of ≥50 nmol/L (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.86). Level of 25(OH)D<50 nmol/L was associated with an increased risk of T2DM in adults without family history of diabetes (OR 3.87, 95% CI 1.62 to 9.24) but not in those with a family history (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.62, p value for LRT=0.003). There was no effect modification by PRS (p value for LRT>0.23).ConclusionSerum 25(OH)D<50 nmol/L was associated with an increased risk of T2DM in Norwegian adults. The inverse association was modified by family history of diabetes but not by genetic predisposition to T2DM.

scholarly journals Exploring How Exposure to Truth and State-Sponsored Anti-Tobacco Media Campaigns Affect Smoking Disparities among Young Adults Using a National Longitudinal Dataset, 2002–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7803
Author(s):  
David C. Colston ◽  
Yanmei Xie ◽  
James F. Thrasher ◽  
Sherry Emery ◽  
Megan E. Patrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parental Education ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Daily Smoking ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Monitoring The Future

Background. Little is known regarding long-term impacts of anti-tobacco media campaigns on youth smoking and related disparities in the United States. Methods. We examined longitudinal cohort data from Monitoring the Future (MTF) between 2000 and 2017 in modified Poisson regression models to understand the long-term impacts of televised Truth and state-sponsored ad campaign exposure at baseline (age 18) on first cigarette and daily smoking initiation 1 to 2 years later (at modal ages 19/20). We also used additive interactions to test for potential effect modification between campaign exposure and smoking outcomes by sex, race/ethnicity, and parental educational attainment. Results. We found no evidence for baseline media campaign exposure to be associated with first cigarette or daily smoking initiation at modal age 19/20. Further, results showed no evidence for effect modification between campaign exposure and first cigarette or daily smoking initiation. Conclusions. We found no evidence that baseline Truth and state-sponsored ad exposure was associated with first cigarette or daily smoking initiation at follow up, nor did we find any evidence for effect modification by sex, race/ethnicity, or parental education. We hypothesize that anti-tobacco media campaigns might have had a short-term impact on smoking behaviors, though these effects were not sustained long term.

scholarly journals ULTRASOUND PREDICTABILITY OF LOWER UTERINE SEGMENT CESAREAN SECTION SCAR THICKNESS

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
Madhu Kumari ◽  
Kumari Bibha ◽  
Abha Sinha ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Uterine Scar ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Given

Objective: The objective of this study is to find out association between scar thickness, assessed sonographically, and intraoperative findings (IOF). Study Design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar from June 2019 to May 2020. Methodology: A total of 70 pregnant patients were included in this study. Transabdominal ultrasound was done for scarred uteri. Sonographic findings were co-related with introperative findings. All the given data were entered on SPSS version 23. Age was expressed as mean ± SD. Parity, gestational age, and interval between cesarean sections were expressed as frequencies with percentages. Statistical analysis was done by using Chi-square test for categorical data for association between sonographic scar thickness and intraoperative findings. The statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05. Results: The age range of the patients was 20- 36 years with a mean of 27.91 ±3.690 years. Gestational age at the time of cesarean section was between 27-40 weeks of gestation with a mean of 37 ±2.126 weeks. The interval from previous cesarean was 10 months at the minimum, and 6 years at the maximum with a mean of 2.29 ±1.0 months. Mean scar thickness was 2.5 mm. Association between scar thickness (<1-3 mm) and intaoperative findings of dehiscence and rupture showed a p-value of <0.001. Conclusion: Sonographic assessment of a uterine scar has a practical application to determine the thickness of previous scar, and assess its integrity.

scholarly journals Frequency of familial short stature identified in children presenting with short stature at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Multan, Pakistan.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 993-996
Author(s):  
Waqas Imran Khan ◽  
◽  
Asia Noreen ◽  
Summera Tabasum ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Stature ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Pediatric Endocrinology ◽  
Multicenter Studies ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: The objective of my study was to determine the frequency of familial short height in children aged 3 to 14 years with short height. Study Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Department of Pediatric Endocrinology at The Children Hospital & Institute of Child health Multan (CH& ICH). Period: 1st November 2018 to 31st October 2019. Material & Methods: Eighty four patients were enrolled after taking informed consent from parents/guardians. Heights of all patients, parental heights, mid parental heights were plotted on CDC growth charts. Patients having familial short stature were noted down. Results: Out of 84 patients, 59 (70.2%) were males and 25 (29.85%) were females. Age range was 3-14 years. Mean age of the population was 8.68 ± 3.42 years and mean height and weight were 114.29 ± 24.62cm and 28.95±10.01 kg, respectively. Mean height for mother and father of the patients were 154.39 ±4.56cm and 171.10 ± 3.52cm, respectively. Out of 84 children, 21 (25%) patients had FSS. In our study population FSS was more seen in children < 8 years of age, female gender and families with income of > 20K/months with p value of 0.879, 0.129 and 0.592 respectively. Conclusion: Majority of children presenting with short stature have FSS and CDG and do not have an endocrine disorder. In our study, frequency of familial short stature in children aged 3 to 14 years was 25%. The results should be validated in multicenter studies.

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