scholarly journals What Can We Learn from Sex Differences in MS?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1006
Author(s):  
Patricia K. Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Central Nervous System Disease ◽  
Nervous System Disease ◽  
System Disease ◽  
The Impact

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the major acquired central nervous system disease of young adults. It is a female predominant disease. Multiple aspects of MS are influenced by sex-based differences. This has become an important area of research and study. It teaches us how the impact of sex on a disease can lead to new insights, guidelines, management, and treatments.

Interferon Beta for Multiple Sclerosis

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie F. Connelly
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Interferon Beta ◽  
Central Nervous System Disease ◽  
Nervous System Disease ◽  
System Disease

OBJECTIVE: To introducereaders to the use of a new agent, interferon beta-1b (IFNser), in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis(RRMS). Therapeuticand economic issues surrounding IFNβser are discussed, as are its pharmacology, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage guidelines. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search was used to identify pertinent literature, including clinical trials and reviews. STUDY SELECTIONS: All available trials were reviewed. DATA EXTRACTION: Since trials evaluating subcutaneously administered interferon beta are sparse, clinical trials evaluating intrathecal IFNβser were included, as was toxicology information from the oncology population. DATA SYNTHESIS: IFNβser has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatmentof RRMS. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it may downregulate interferon gamma (IFNγ) production and the IFNγ-stimulated major histocompatibility complex antigen expression, and/or augment T-suppressor cell function. Primary adverse effects include flu-like symptoms, fever, chills, myalgia, sweating, and injection-site reactions. Clinical efficacy has been investigated in 372 ambulatory patients with RRMS. IFNβser treatment resulted in a reduction in the annual exacerbationrate and a greater proportionof exacerbation-free patients. Burden of central nervous system disease was also significantly reduced in treated patients. However, no reductions were detected on the Scripps Neurologic Rating Scale or with confirmed endpoint scoreson the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale. Although many questions remain concerning IFNβser's long-term efficacy, its benefits in patients with other types of multiple sclerosis (MS), and its effect on progressionof disease and ultimate disability, IFNβser is the first treatment modality that has substantially altered the natural course of MS in a controlled clinical trial. CONCLUSIONS: IFNβser is not a cure for MS, but it is well tolerated and patients with RRMS have shown significant improvements in exacerbation rates and burden of central nervous system disease. IFNβser should be considered a definite improvementin RRMS treatment, although many therapeutic issues remain unanswered. Additional clinical trials are needed.

Raccoon Roundworm Infection Associated with Central Nervous System Disease and Ocular Disease — Six States, 2013–2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (35) ◽  
pp. 930-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita D. Sircar ◽  
Francisca Abanyie ◽  
Dean Blumberg ◽  
Peter Chin-Hong ◽  
Katrina S. Coulter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Central Nervous System Disease ◽  
Ocular Disease ◽  
Nervous System Disease ◽  
System Disease

scholarly journals Emerging Pharmacological Treatments for Cerebral Edema: Evidence from Clinical Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse A. Stokum ◽  
Volodymyr Gerzanich ◽  
Kevin N. Sheth ◽  
W. Taylor Kimberly ◽  
J. Marc Simard
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Edema ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Central Nervous System Disease ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Nervous System Disease ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
System Disease

Cerebral edema, a common and often fatal companion to most forms of acute central nervous system disease, has been recognized since the time of ancient Egypt. Unfortunately, our therapeutic armamentarium remains limited, in part due to historic limitations in our understanding of cerebral edema pathophysiology. Recent advancements have led to a number of clinical trials for novel therapeutics that could fundamentally alter the treatment of cerebral edema. In this review, we discuss these agents, their targets, and the data supporting their use, with a focus on agents that have progressed to clinical trials.

Catalytic nanozymes for central nervous system disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 432 ◽  
pp. 213751
Author(s):  
Ke Chen ◽  
Si Sun ◽  
Junying Wang ◽  
Xiao-Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Central Nervous System Disease ◽  
Nervous System Disease ◽  
System Disease
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