scholarly journals Psychoactive Medication, Violence, and Variant Alleles for Cytochrome P450 Genes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
Selma J. M. Eikelenboom-Schieveld ◽  
James C. Fogleman
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Prescription Medications ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Genes ◽  
Psychoactive Medication ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
Variant Alleles

From the start of the use of psychoactive prescription medications in the 1950s, physicians reported paradoxical adverse reactions, ranging from newly developing depressions to an increase in existing mood disorders, and extremely violent and bizarre acts of suicide and homicide. It is hypothesized that interactions between the drugs and the enzymes that are primarily responsible for their metabolism (cytochrome P450s) could cause these reactions. In this research, we evaluate statistical associations between CYP450 variant alleles, psychoactive medication, and acts of violence. Fifty-five persons who showed violent behavior or an altered emotional state were investigated for prescribed medication. Fifty-eight volunteers with no history of violence served as the controls. Genetic testing was performed on CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. Statistical analysis was applied to gender, age, number of variant alleles, number and kind of medications, and potential drug–drug, drug–gene, and drug–drug–gene interactions. Four risk factors for developing an altered emotional state and/or acts of violence were identified. There is an association between prescription drugs (most notably antidepressants and other psychoactive medication), having variant alleles for CYP450 genes, and altered emotional states or acts of violence.

scholarly journals Violence in childhood-onset schizophrenia

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Randal G. Ross ◽  
Julia Maximon ◽  
Jonathan Kusumi ◽  
Susan Lurie
Keyword(s):  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Childhood Onset Schizophrenia ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence

Violence is elevated in older adolescents and adults with schizophrenia; however, little is known about younger children. This report focuses on rates of violence in younger children with schizophrenic-spectrum illnesses. A retrospective review of structured diagnostic interviews from a case series of 81 children, ages 4-15 years of age, with childhood onset of schizophrenic-spectrum illness is reported. Seventy-two percent of children had a history of violent behavior, including 25 children (31%) with a history of severe violence. Of those with a history of violence, 60% had a least one episode of violence that did not appear to be in response to an external stimulus (internally driven violence). There was no significant impact of age or gender. For many children, these internally driven violent episodes were rare and unpredictable, but severe. Similar to what is found in adolescents and adults, violence is common in children with schizophrenic-spectrum illnesses. General violence prevention strategies combined with early identification and treatment of childhood psychotic illnesses may decrease the morbidity associated with childhood psychotic violence.

scholarly journals Violence in childhood-onset schizophrenia

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randal G. Ross ◽  
Julia Maximon ◽  
Jonathan Kusumi ◽  
Susan Lurie
Keyword(s):  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Childhood Onset Schizophrenia ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence

Violence is elevated in older adolescents and adults with schizophrenia; however, little is known about younger children. This report focuses on rates of violence in younger children with schizophrenic-spectrum illnesses. A retrospective review of structured diagnostic interviews from a case series of 81 children, ages 4-15 years of age, with childhood onset of schizophrenic-spectrum illness is reported. Seventy-two percent of children had a history of violent behavior, including 25 children (31%) with a history of severe violence. Of those with a history of violence, 60% had a least one episode of violence that did not appear to be in response to an external stimulus (internally driven violence). There was no significant impact of age or gender. For many children, these internally driven violent episodes were rare and unpredictable, but severe. Similar to what is found in adolescents and adults, violence is common in children with schizophrenic-spectrum illnesses. General violence prevention strategies combined with early identification and treatment of childhood psychotic illnesses may decrease the morbidity associated with childhood psychotic violence.

scholarly journals An attempt of semantic analysis of the predicate “to rent”

2015 ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
G. V. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intentional Acts

The present article analyses the predicates of the “repentance” semantic field (arrependimento m, arrepender-se vr, estar arrependido) in Portuguese. Predicates of repentance describe emotional state with negative evaluation, the cause of which is in the past. The cause may describe actions, intentional acts and emotional states of the same subject only, and is conveyed in syntaxes by a noun or a proposition. Predicate of repentance is included into a “history” of human relationships, which has the causality of its own. Predicates of repentance may carry a seme of limitation (beginning), they are not dispositional, neither can they be graduated. The emotional state of repentance seldom manifests itself and is uncontrollable. The subject of repentance is passive. If the subject is active, and semes demonstrate controllability, the verbs change their meaning and switch into the domain of intentional predicates or predicates of behavior (action).

Personality, Schizophrenia, and Violence: A Longitudinal Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Candini ◽  
Marta Ghisi ◽  
Gioia Bottesi ◽  
Clarissa Ferrari ◽  
Viola Bulgari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Intervention ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Clinically Significant

The aims of this study were (a) to investigate the presence of clinically significant personality traits and personality disorders (PD) in patients living in residential facilities, with or without a history of violence (69 and 46, respectively); and (b) to investigate any associations between clinically significant personality traits and PDs, aggression, impulsivity, hostility, and violent behavior during a 1-year follow-up. The most frequent primary diagnoses were schizophrenia (58.3%) and PD (20.9%). Those with a history of violence demonstrated more antisocial and alcohol dependence features and lower depressive PD symptoms than the control group. Hostility levels, antisocial symptoms, and drug dependence, as well as a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II diagnosis of PD, predicted aggressive and violent behavior during follow-up. The study confirms the relevance of assessing PDs both to evaluate the risk of violent behavior and to plan appropriate preventive and treatment intervention.

scholarly journals Agama, Konflik Sosial dan Kekerasan Politik

FONDATIA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-167
Author(s):  
Nur Latifah
Keyword(s):  
Social Conflict ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Religious Issues ◽  
History Of ◽  
Potential Trigger ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
Central Level

The emergence of social conflict and violence that uses religion as justification has become a problem that adorns the history of violence today. Social conflicts which are followed by acts of violence that use religious issues in Indonesia, certainly do not occur in empty space and apart from some socio-political phenomena that follow. Putting religion as a variant of the potential trigger of social conflict is not easy. This is so, because religion is considered a teaching that is always associated with teachings that are full of values of peace and safety. The emergence of social conflict in various regions such as, in Ambon, Mataram, Situbondo, Tasikmalaya, Regasdengklok, and other areas, selayang in view can be seen as  religious conflict, but when examined more deeply cannot be separated from the role of the political elite, both at the central level and local. Likewise with the violence experienced by Ahmadiyah congregation groups, it is not too difficult to state that the area of religion has been made as a means of legitimacy and legitimacy in carrying out acts of violence. In this regard, religion has been used as a shield for violent behavior, in the interests of a group of people or an elite.

Psychiatric Patients with a Serious Mental Illness and a Recent History of Violent Behavior: An Exploration of Developmental, Clinical, Cognitive, and Demographic Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Jill Del Pozzo ◽  
Lindsay Cherneski ◽  
Saul J. Beck ◽  
Sarah R. Lowe ◽  
Steven M. Silverstein
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence

Background: Epidemiologic studies have shown that persons suffering from psychotic disorders are at increased risk of violent behavior. Several factors have been shown to predict violent behavior among persons with psychosis. However, prior research is limited in that these factors have not been explored simultaneously within the same study. Methods: The current study, therefore, aimed to determine which demographic, clinical, cognitive, and developmental characteristics were associated with an increased likelihood of violence among patients diagnosed with a psychotic disorder and which combination of these best predicted a history of violence. Participants (n=53) completed measures of demographics, violence risk, psychotic and personality symptoms, trauma, psychopathy and cognitive functioning. Results: Bivariate relationships were conducted to compare the history of violent behavior between all variables. Additionally, a binary logistic regression was run predicting participants’ history of violence. Several demographic, cognitive, clinical, and developmental factors were associated with increased odds of having a history of violence. The overall correct classification rate for the model was 92.2%, with 87.5% of participants without a history of violence and 91.4% with a history of violence being correctly classified. The model included antisocial personality traits, poor behavioral controls, head injury, not accepting responsibility, lacking goals, prior supervision failures, and HCR-20 total score. Conclusion: The binary logistic regression model showed good accuracy in predicting a history of violence in persons with psychosis. These findings are consistent with prior research and can inform efforts at risk assessment and identification of treatment targets for people with a psychotic disorder who are at highest risk of violence.

scholarly journals Study of pregnant women’s emotional state

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liydmila V. Tokarskaya ◽  
◽  
Anastasia S. Kolchurina ◽  
Maria A. Lavrova ◽  
Valeria V. Lapteva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Meaningful Life ◽  
History Of

The article discusses how the emotional state of pregnant women is influenced by their previous experience of pregnancy. The study relies on the following methods: ‘Test of Pregnant Woman’s Relations’ by I.V Dobryakova; ‘Self. Assessment of Emotional States’ by A. Wessman and D. Ricks; “Self. Estimate” by T. Dembo and S. Ya. Rubinshtein (modified by P. V. Yanshin); “Test of Meaningful Life Orientations” by D. Krambo and L. Makholikh (adapted by D. A. Leontyev). The study has shown that in the presence of complications and pathologies — in the form of a history of miscarriage — the emotional sphere of a woman will be characterized by emotional instability, increased anxiety and low self.esteem. Emotional instability is typical of pregnancy in general and it often is accompanied by dependence on others, distrustfulness, fatigue, vulnerability, impressionability combined with excitement, anxiety, and some fear.

Effect of Emotions in a Lexical Decision Task

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Maire ◽  
Renaud Brochard ◽  
Jean-Luc Kop ◽  
Vivien Dioux ◽  
Daniel Zagar
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Attentional Orienting ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Sequence Effect ◽  
Emotion Induction ◽  
Before And After

Abstract. This study measured the effect of emotional states on lexical decision task performance and investigated which underlying components (physiological, attentional orienting, executive, lexical, and/or strategic) are affected. We did this by assessing participants’ performance on a lexical decision task, which they completed before and after an emotional state induction task. The sequence effect, usually produced when participants repeat a task, was significantly smaller in participants who had received one of the three emotion inductions (happiness, sadness, embarrassment) than in control group participants (neutral induction). Using the diffusion model ( Ratcliff, 1978 ) to resolve the data into meaningful parameters that correspond to specific psychological components, we found that emotion induction only modulated the parameter reflecting the physiological and/or attentional orienting components, whereas the executive, lexical, and strategic components were not altered. These results suggest that emotional states have an impact on the low-level mechanisms underlying mental chronometric tasks.

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