scholarly journals Cannabis Use Induces Distinctive Proteomic Alterations in Olfactory Neuroepithelial Cells of Schizophrenia Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Marta Barrera-Conde ◽  
Karina Ausin ◽  
Mercedes Lachén-Montes ◽  
Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen ◽  
Liliana Galindo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Localization ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cognitive Markers ◽  
Neuroepithelial Cells ◽  
History Of ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Epidemiological Link

A close epidemiological link has been reported between cannabis use and schizophrenia (SCZ). However, biochemical markers in living humans related to the impact of cannabis in this disease are still missing. Olfactory neuroepithelium (ON) cells express neural features and offer a unique advantage to study biomarkers of psychiatric diseases. The aim of our study was to find exclusively deregulated proteins in ON cells of SCZ patients with and without a history of cannabis use. Thus, we compared the proteomic profiles of SCZ non-cannabis users (SCZ/nc) and SCZ cannabis users (SCZ/c) with control subjects non-cannabis users (C/nc) and control cannabis users (C/c). The results revealed that the main cascades affected in SCZ/nc were cell cycle, DNA replication, signal transduction and protein localization. Conversely, cannabis use in SCZ patients induced specific alterations in metabolism of RNA and metabolism of proteins. The levels of targeted proteins in each population were then correlated with cognitive performance and clinical scores. In SCZ/c, the expression levels of 2 proteins involved in the metabolism of RNA (MTREX and ZNF326) correlated with several cognitive markers and clinical signs. Moreover, use duration of cannabis negatively correlated with ZNF326 expression. These findings indicate that RNA-related proteins might be relevant to understand the influence of cannabis use on SCZ.

scholarly journals History of substance use and control in British Guiana

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kellie Moss ◽  
Deborah Toner
Keyword(s):  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Licensing Laws

Whilst the impact of drugs on the culture of Caribbean societies and Indigenous populations is well documented, their role in maintaining influence over an ethnically diverse population and regulating labour productivity are frequently overlooked. In this paper we examine the use of drugs as a means of compelling and retaining labour in British Guiana during the nineteenth century. We also assess changes over time in how the colonial state managed concerns that the use of intoxicants threatened its control over the labouring population through licensing laws, carceral institutions and the criminalisation of certain drugs.

scholarly journals Science communication as a preventative tool in the COVID19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gagan Matta
Keyword(s):  
Science Communication ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Linguistic Barriers ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

AbstractHumans have witnessed epidemics and pandemics periodically throughout history. Often, such infectious outbreaks have resulted in entire civilisations struggling against possible extinction. Despite recent clinical advancements and technological developments, issues of neglected sustainability and lax health hygiene practices, among others, have provided a context for the emergence of the COVID19 pandemic. Against such a backdrop, scientific communication using diversified tools could play a significant role in efforts towards preparedness and control, as well as the initiation of immediate remedial measures in the fight against epidemics and pandemics. These tools could help to increase understanding of the scientific solutions to minimise the outbreaks of infectious diseases, thereby strengthening societal immunity. This paper considers the history of epidemics/pandemics to draw attention to their occurrence, effects and potential impacts on human societies. In addition, it defines the major factors underpinning the various infectious outbreaks over the last three decades. Constructive preparation and preventative stages for authorities, scientists and researchers to check and diminish the impact of epidemics and pandemics during and post-outbreak are suggested while focusing on the need for science communication in the healthcare system. The paper also reviews recent empirical studies and WHO guidelines. Communication through appropriate communicators may help cut through the noise, share facts and boost confidence in science and governance. The impact of science communication on the interplay between government–expert–public or society could help promote positive behavioural change as well as overcome linguistic barriers.

scholarly journals Premorbid Adjustment and IQ in Patients With First-Episode Psychosis: A Multisite Case-Control Study of Their Relationship With Cannabis Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ferraro ◽  
Caterina La Cascia ◽  
Diego Quattrone ◽  
Lucia Sideli ◽  
Domenica Matranga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Social Factor ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
And Control

Abstract Psychotic patients with a lifetime history of cannabis use generally show better cognitive functioning than other psychotic patients. Some authors suggest that cannabis-using patients may have been less cognitively impaired and less socially withdrawn in their premorbid life. Using a dataset comprising 948 patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and 1313 population controls across 6 countries, we examined the extent to which IQ and both early academic (Academic Factor [AF]) and social adjustment (Social Factor [SF]) are related to the lifetime frequency of cannabis use in both patients and controls. We expected a higher IQ and a better premorbid social adjustment in psychotic patients who had ever used cannabis compared to patients without any history of use. We did not expect such differences in controls. In both patients and controls, IQ was 3 points higher among occasional-users than in never-users (mean difference [Mdiff] = 2.9, 95% CI = [1.2, 4.7]). Both cases and control daily-users had lower AF compared to occasional (Mdiff = −0.3, 95% CI = [−0.5; −0.2]) and never-users (Mdiff = −0.4, 95% CI = [−0.6; −0.2]). Finally, patient occasional (Mdiff = 0.3, 95% CI = [0.1; 0.5]) and daily-users (Mdiff = 0.4, 95% CI = [0.2; 0.6]) had better SF than their never-using counterparts. This difference was not present in controls (Fgroup*frequency(2, 2205) = 4.995, P = .007). Our findings suggest that the better premorbid social functioning of FEP with a history of cannabis use may have contributed to their likelihood to begin using cannabis, exposing them to its reported risk-increasing effects for Psychotic Disorders.

scholarly journals Book publishing in Canada, 1945-2010: ownership and control of the Canadian market

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordana Lobo-Pires
Keyword(s):  
Publishing Industry ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
Book Publishing ◽  
Canadian Market ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

"This essay sets out to trace the structure of the Canadian publishing industry in light of the policies that have allowed and enabled the survival of an indigenous Canadian publishing industry. Specifically, it explores the history of government intervention in the Canadian publishing industry through the Investment Canada Act in its three formualations: Federal Investment Revenue Agency Act (FIRA), enacted from 1974 to 1985; the Baie Comeau policy, from 1985 to 1992; and the Revised Investment Canada Act, from 1992 to the present. The Investment Canada Act in each of these formulation was the crucial policy designed to protect and encourage Canadian ownership of the publishing industry. This study then assesses the impact of these policies on the ownership and size of Canadian publishers"--From the introduction, page 3.

scholarly journals Macroeconomic Functions of the European Union Budget and the Multinational Financial Framework for 2014-2020

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
Anna Wichowska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Stimulus Information ◽  
National Budget ◽  
Financial Framework ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Primary Instrument ◽  
The Eu

This study aims to identify macroeconomic functions of the EuropeanUnion budget and an indication of the possibilities and extent of the impact of thebudget on the economy of the Community, as well as evaluating the functions performedon the background of Multiannual Financial Framework for 2014-2020.The budget of the European Union – despite many different opinions – can actsand actually performs close macro functions which are attributed to the modernnational budgets. In order to demonstrate the veracity of this claim there werereviewed literature on the economic functions of the national budget, and it wasreferenced to the regulations of the functioning of the general budget of the EuropeanUnion. This demonstrated the specificity and limitations of the impact of thisbudget on the economies of the Member States. Functions which are performed bythe European Union budget were analyzed against the Multiannual FinancialFramework for 2014-2020. The result of this study shows that the budget of theEuropean Union performs five of the traditional functions of the state budget:redistributive, allocative, stimulus, information and control, and fiscal. But it doesnot perform the stabilizing function. The specificity of the impact of the EU budgetshows the Multiannual Financial Framework for 2014-2020, which includesa particularly difficult period in the history of the Community – a period of recoveryfrom the financial and economic crisis, as well as discussions and seekinga compromise on the shape and the possible strengthening of European integration in support of the primary instrument of fiscal policy, which is the budget. Currentissues are therefore discussed in this paper, which are part of a Europe-wide debateon the future of the Community.

scholarly journals Changing Educational Governance in Spain: Decentralisation and Control in the Autonomous Communities

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Pereyra
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
Education System ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Educational Governance ◽  
Spanish Society ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

This article explores the impact of change in the governance of education in Spain by exploring the views of system actors engaged in education policy-making in two autonomous communities within the Spanish state. The interviews reflect on the long process of reform of education in Spain, and the shaping principles of that reform. They also consider the ways in which the process has altered as Spanish society has changed. A key issue is the tension between the legacy of a history of centralisation and the pressure for modernisation, which is seen to require decentralisation. Issue that relate to the definition of ‘national identity’ within a decentralised education system are also considered.

scholarly journals Insights into grapevine defense response against drought as revealed by biochemical, physiological and RNA-Seq analysis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Salman Haider ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Mahantesh M. Kurjogi Tariq Pervaiz ◽  
Ting Zheng ◽  
Chao bo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Detoxification Systems ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Grapevine Leaves ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

AbstractGrapevine is economically important and widely cultivated fruit crop, which is seriously hampered by drought worldwide. It is necessary to understand the impact of glitches incurred by the drought on grapevine genetic resources. Therefore, in the present study RNA-sequencing analysis was performed using cDNA libraries constructed from both drought-stress and control plants. Results yielded, a total of 12,451 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) out of which 8,022 genes were up-regulated and 4,430 were down-regulated. Further physiological and biochemical analyses were carried out to validate the various biological processes involved in the development of grapevine in response to drought stress. Results also showed that decrease in rate of stomatal conductance in-turn decrease the photosynthetic activity and CO2 assimilation rate in the grapevine leaves and most ROS detoxification systems, including stress enzymes, stress related proteins and secondary metabolites were strongly induced. Moreover, various hormones were known to be induced in the present study in response to drought. Overall the present study concludes that these DEGs play both positive and negative role in drought tolerance by regulating different biological pathways of grapevine. However our findings have provided valuable gene information for future studies of abiotic stress in grapevine and other fruit crops.

scholarly journals Book publishing in Canada, 1945-2010: ownership and control of the Canadian market

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordana Lobo-Pires
Keyword(s):  
Publishing Industry ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
Book Publishing ◽  
Canadian Market ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

"This essay sets out to trace the structure of the Canadian publishing industry in light of the policies that have allowed and enabled the survival of an indigenous Canadian publishing industry. Specifically, it explores the history of government intervention in the Canadian publishing industry through the Investment Canada Act in its three formualations: Federal Investment Revenue Agency Act (FIRA), enacted from 1974 to 1985; the Baie Comeau policy, from 1985 to 1992; and the Revised Investment Canada Act, from 1992 to the present. The Investment Canada Act in each of these formulation was the crucial policy designed to protect and encourage Canadian ownership of the publishing industry. This study then assesses the impact of these policies on the ownership and size of Canadian publishers"--From the introduction, page 3.

scholarly journals Sustained ventricular tachycardia in cardiogenic shock

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Santos ◽  
T Vieira ◽  
J Fernandes ◽  
R Pinto ◽  
T Proenca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Cardiogenic Shock ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Previous Stroke ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Cardiogenic shock (CS) and the presence of sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) are indicators of worse prognosis in hospitalized patients. In patients severely ill, like patients with CS, the registration of VT can be a stressful situation as well a life threatening condition. Purpose Evaluate the impact of cardiovascular previous history, clinical signs and diagnosis procedures at admission as predictors of VT in CS patients. Methods Single-centre retrospective study, engaging patients hospitalized for CS between 1/01/2014-30/10/2018. 222 patients with CS are included, 19 of them presented VT. Chi-square test, T-student test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare categorical and continuous variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate predictors of new-onset AF in CS patients. Results CS patients without VT and with VT presented similar age, sex, cardiovascular history (namely arterial hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoker status, alcohol intake, previous acute coronary syndrome, history of angina, previous cardiomyopathy), neoplasia history, cardiac arrest during the CS, clinical signs at admission (like heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate), blood results (hemoglobin, leucocytes, troponin, creatinine, C-Reactive protein), left ventricular ejection fraction and the culprit lesion. Curiously, history of previous stroke was higher in the group of VT in CS patients with a 6.9% (p = 0.021). Curiously, VT in CS patient had not impact in mortality rates. Multiple logistic regression reveals that previous stroke was a predictor of VT in CS patients (odds ratio 4.337, confident interval 1.363-13.799, p = 0.013). Conclusions History of previous stroke was a predictor of sustained VT in CS patients. The presence of this ventricular arrhythmia can have a hemodynamic impact, however, seems not influenced mortality rates.

scholarly journals Changes in Substance Use Among People Seeking Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evaluating Mental Health Outcomes and Resilience

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117822182110617
Author(s):  
Molly Carlyle ◽  
Janni Leung ◽  
Zoe C. Walter ◽  
Jennifer Juckel ◽  
Caroline Salom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Measured Quantity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methamphetamine Use ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Background: Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use patterns have altered as a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic restrictions. This study aimed to: (i) determine the impact of the pandemic on patterns of AOD use among individuals seeking treatment, (ii) identify which mental health and resilience factors were associated with changes in patterns of AOD use and (iii) evaluate changes in the contextual factors (eg, motivations) associated with use. Methods: Cross-sectional surveys were completed by clients (n = 325) who had sought AOD treatment from January 2020 onwards. We measured quantity and frequency of AOD use now compared to before the pandemic, mental health (depression, anxiety, trauma exposure), resilience and contextual factors related to AOD use. Results: Quantity of tobacco and cannabis use increased post-pandemic, while methamphetamine and alcohol did not change. Depression was associated with more frequent alcohol use now compared to before the pandemic, while anxiety and lower resilience were associated with less frequent cannabis use now. Lower resilience was associated changes in methamphetamine use. Depression was associated with using more frequently for enjoyment and to alleviate loneliness following the pandemic, and anxiety was associated with using earlier in the day and to alleviate boredom. Conclusions: The pandemic has led to increased frequency of AOD use for a subset of individuals seeking treatment. Depression, anxiety and resilience are important factors associated with altered AOD use, and changes in the motivations and control surrounding use. Special consideration of this should be considered during AOD treatment through the pandemic.

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