scholarly journals Different Weight Loss Intervention Approaches Reveal a Lack of a Common Pattern of Gut Microbiota Changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Carolina Gutiérrez-Repiso ◽  
María Molina-Vega ◽  
M. Rosa Bernal-López ◽  
Lourdes Garrido-Sánchez ◽  
José M. García-Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Metagenome Analysis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions

Options for treatment of obesity include dietary approaches and bariatric surgery. Previous studies have shown that weight loss interventions have an impact on gut microbiota. However, a pattern of gut microbiota changes associated with weight loss independently of the type of intervention has not been described yet. This study includes 61 individuals who followed different weight loss strategies in three different trials: 21 followed a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), 18 followed a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) and 22 patients underwent sleeve gastrectomy bariatric surgery (BS). Gut microbiota profile was assessed by next-generation sequencing. A common taxon that had significantly changed within the three weight loss interventions could not be find. At the family level, Clostiridiaceae significantly increased its abundance with MedDiet and VLCKD, whilst Porphyromonadacean and Rikenellaceae significantly increased with VLCKD and BS. At genus level, in VLCKD and BS, Parabacteroides and Alistipes significantly increased their abundance whilst Lactobacillus decreased. At the species level, BS and VLCKD produced an increase in Parabacteroidesdistasonis and a decrease in Eubactieriumventriosum and Lactobacillusrogosae, whilst Orodibactersplanchnicus increased its abundance after the BS and MedDiet. Predicted metagenome analysis suggested that most of the changes after VLCKD were focused on pathways related to biosynthesis and degradation/utilization/assimilation, while BS seems to decrease most of the biosynthesis pathways. MedDiet was enriched in several pathways related to fermentation to short-chain fatty acids. Our results show that weight loss is not associated with a specific pattern of gut microbiota changes independently of the strategy used. Indeed, gut microbiota changes according to type of weight loss intervention.

scholarly journals Changes in C-reactive protein, neopterin and lactoferrin differ after conservative and surgical weight loss in individuals with morbid obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Aasbrenn ◽  
Per G. Farup ◽  
Vibeke Videm
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Surgical Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions

AbstractC-reactive protein, neopterin and lactoferrin are biomarkers of atherosclerotic disease. We aimed to assess changes in these biomarkers after conservative and surgical weight loss interventions in individuals with morbid obesity, to evaluate associations between biomarker changes and changes in body mass index and HbA1c, and to study associations between changes in the biomarkers. C-reactive protein, neopterin and lactoferrin were measured before and after conservative weight loss intervention and bariatric surgery. Data were analysed with mixed models. 137 individuals (mean age 43 years) were included. Body mass index decreased from 42.1 kg/m2 to 38.9 kg/m2 after the conservative intervention, and further to 30.5 kg/m2 after bariatric surgery. All biomarkers decreased after the conservative weight loss intervention. C-reactive protein and lactoferrin continued to decrease following bariatric surgery whereas neopterin remained stable. After adjustments for change in body mass index and HbA1c, all biomarkers decreased significantly after the conservative weight loss intervention, whereas none changed after bariatric surgery. There were no consistent correlations between changes in C-reactive protein, neopterin and lactoferrin. In conclusion, biomarkers of atherosclerosis decreased after weight loss interventions but had different trajectories. Neopterin, a marker related to atherosclerotic plaque stability, decreased after conservative weight loss but not following bariatric surgery.

scholarly journals Through Thick and Thin: Identifying Barriers to Bariatric Surgery, Weight Loss Maintenance, and Tailoring Obesity Treatment for the Future

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donevan Westerveld ◽  
Dennis Yang
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physician Perceptions ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions

More than one-third of the adults in the United States are obese. This complex metabolic disorder is associated with multiple comorbidities and increased all-cause mortality. Bariatric surgery has been shown to be more effective than medical therapy and has been associated with weight loss maintenance and decreased mortality. In spite of these well-established benefits, less than 1% of candidates undergo surgery due to multiple factors, such as patient and physician perceptions and attitudes, patient-physician interaction, lack of resources, and cost burden. Furthermore, even in patients who do undergo bariatric surgery and/or alternate weight loss interventions, long-term weight control is associated with high-risk failure and weight regain. In this review, we highlight some of the current barriers to bariatric surgery and long-term weight loss maintenance and underscore the importance of an individualized multidisciplinary longitudinal strategy for the treatment of obesity.

scholarly journals Long-Term Evaluation of Counselor Efficiency at Providing Feedback in a Technology-Based Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Fahey ◽  
Robert C. Klesges ◽  
Mehmet Kocak ◽  
Leslie Gladney ◽  
Gerald W. Talcott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Electronic Mail ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Future Technology ◽  
Study Implementation ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions

BACKGROUND Feedback for participants’ self-monitoring is a crucial, and costly, component of technology-based weight loss interventions. Detailed examination of interventionist time when reviewing and providing feedback for online self-monitoring data is unknown. OBJECTIVE Study purpose was to longitudinally examine time counselors spent providing feedback on participant self-monitoring data (i.e., diet, physical activity, weight) in a 12-month technology-based weight loss intervention. We hypothesized that counselors would deliver feedback to participants more quickly over time. METHODS Time counselors (N=10) spent reviewing and providing feedback to participants via electronic mail (e-email) was longitudinally examined for all counselors across the three years of study implementation. Descriptives were observed for counselor feedback duration across counselors by 12 annual quarters (i.e., three-month periods). Differences in overall duration times by each consecutive annual quarter were analyzed using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS There was a decrease in counselor feedback duration from first to second quarter [Mean (M) = 53 to 46 minutes], and from second to third (M= 46 to 30). A trend suggested a decrease from third to fourth quarters (M = 30 to 26), but no changes were found in subsequent quarters. Consistent with hypothesis, counselors increased their efficiency in providing feedback. Across 12-months, mean time counselors needed to review participant self-monitoring and provide feedback decreased from 53 to 26 minutes. CONCLUSIONS Counselors needed increasingly less time to review online self-monitoring data and provide feedback after the initial nine months of study implementation. Results inform counselor costs for future technology-based behavioral weight loss interventions. For example, regardless of increasing counselor efficiency, 25-30 minutes per feedback message is a high cost for interventions. One possibility for reducing costs would be generating computer-automated feedback. CLINICALTRIAL NCT02063178

Weight Loss Interventions as Treatment of Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome. A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximiliano Tamae Kakazu ◽  
Israa Soghier ◽  
Majid Afshar ◽  
Jan L. Brozek ◽  
Kevin C. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Hypoventilation Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions ◽  
Obesity Hypoventilation

Weight-loss interventions and gut microbiota changes in overweight and obese patients: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 832-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. Seganfredo ◽  
C. A. Blume ◽  
M. Moehlecke ◽  
A. Giongo ◽  
D. S. Casagrande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions

scholarly journals Metformin Affects Gut Microbiome Composition and Function and Circulating Short-Chain Fatty Acids: A Randomized Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel T. Mueller ◽  
Moira K. Differding ◽  
Mingyu Zhang ◽  
Nisa Maruthar ◽  
Stephen P Juraschek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Weight Loss Group ◽  
And Function

<b>Objective:</b> To determine the longer-term effects of metformin and behavioral weight loss on gut microbiota and SCFAs. <p><b>Methods: </b>We conducted a parallel-arm, randomized trial. We enrolled overweight/obese adults who had been treated for solid tumors but had no ongoing cancer treatment and randomized them (n=121) to: 1) metformin (up to 2000mg), 2) coach-directed behavioral weight loss, or 3) self-directed care (control) for 12 months. We collected stool and serum at baseline (n=114), 6 months (n=109) and 12 months (n=105). From stool, we extracted microbial DNA and conducted amplicon and metagenomic sequencing. We measured SCFAs and other biochemical parameters from fasting serum. </p> <p><b>Results: </b>Of the 121 participants, 79% were female, 46% were black, and the mean age was 60y. Only metformin intervention significantly altered microbiota composition. Compared to control, metformin increased <i>E. Coli</i> and <i>Ruminococcus torques</i> and decreased <i>Intestinibacter Bartletti</i> at both 6 and 12 months, and decreased the genus <i>Roseburia (genus)</i>, including <i>R. faecis</i> and <i>R. intestinalis,</i> at 12 months. Effects were similar when comparing metformin to the behavioral weight loss group. Metformin also altered 62 metagenomic functional pathways and increased butyrate, acetate, and valerate at 6 months. Behavioral weight loss vs. control did not significantly alter microbiota composition, but did increase acetate at 6 months. Increases in acetate were associated with decreases in fasting insulin.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Metformin, but not behavioral weight loss, impacted gut microbiota composition and function at 6 months and 12 months. Both metformin and behavioral weight loss altered 6-month SCFAs, including increasing acetate which correlated with improved insulin sensitivity.</p>

scholarly journals Adapting a Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention for Delivery via Facebook: A Pilot Series Among Low-Income Postpartum Women (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie J. Silfee ◽  
Andrea Lopez-Cepero ◽  
Stephenie C. Lemon ◽  
Barbara Estabrook ◽  
Oanh Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions

BACKGROUND Efforts to translate evidence-based weight loss interventions, such as the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), to low-income postpartum women have resulted in poor intervention attendance and high attrition. Strategies that improve engagement and retention in this population are needed to maximize the reach of evidence-based weight loss interventions. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to adapt a DPP-based weight loss intervention (Fresh Start) for Facebook delivery and to evaluate its feasibility among low-income postpartum women. METHODS This study comprised 3 single-group pilot studies where feasibility outcomes iteratively informed changes from one pilot to the next. We paralleled the in-person program for Facebook delivery by translating the protocol to a content library of Facebook posts with additional posts from lifestyle coaches. Low-income postpartum women were recruited from Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clinics in Worcester, Massachusetts. Participants were enrolled into a 16-week weight loss intervention delivered via Facebook. During the first 8 weeks, Facebook intervention posts were delivered 2 times per day, with additional posts from coaches aiming to stimulate interaction among participants or respond to participants’ questions and challenges. For the following 8 weeks, posts were delivered once per day without additional coaching. Feasibility outcomes were engagement (defined by number of likes, comments, and posts measured throughout intervention delivery), acceptability, and retention (survey at follow-up and assessment completion rate, respectively). Changes in weight were also assessed at baseline and follow-up. RESULTS Pilot 1 had a retention rate of 89% (24/27), and on average, 62% (17/27) of women actively engaged with the group each week during the 8-week coached phase. Mean weight loss was 2.6 (SD 8.64) pounds, and 79% (19/27) would recommend the program to a friend. Pilot 2 had a retention rate of 83% (20/24), and on average, 55% (13/24) of women actively engaged with the group weekly during the 8-week coached phase. Mean weight loss was 2.5 (SD 9.23) pounds, and 80% (16/24) would recommend the program to a friend. Pilot 3 had a retention rate of 88% (14/16), and on average, 67% (11/16) of women actively engaged with the group weekly during the 8-week coached phase. Mean weight loss was 7.0 (SD 11.6) pounds, and 100% (16/16) would recommend the program to a friend. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that a Facebook-delivered intervention was acceptable and could be feasibly delivered to low-income postpartum women. Future research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of a Facebook-delivered weight loss intervention.

scholarly journals Psychological factors in reducing excess body weight after bariatric surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Aleksandr E. Neimark ◽  
Shushanna A. Eganian ◽  
Maxim I. Galchenko
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Statistical Programming ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

BACKGROUND: The relevance of the problem of obesity today is not in doubt. One of the most effective treatments today is bariatric surgery. At the same time, the effectiveness of the surgical method is not always predictable, as it is influenced by various factors, including the psychological state of the patient. AIM: To study the psychological characteristics of patients with obesity before and after surgical (bariatric) treatment and to establish the relationship with weight loss. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The study involved 32 patients with morbid obesity before and a year after laparoscopic longitudinal resection of the stomach with an initial body mass index of 45.36 (+54.90; -33.00). Questionnaire used: Symptom Check List-90-R (L.R. Derogatis). Statistical data processing was carried out using the statistical programming language R. RESULTS: The presence or increase in the level of phobic anxiety (a persistent reaction of fear to certain people, situations and places) and psychotism (isolation, interpersonal isolation, avoidance) in a patient can have a negative impact on the success of weight loss in the postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS. The psychological factors affecting the prognosis of weight loss after bariatric surgery have been identified. Psychological testing and determining the patients psychotype can be predictive in improving the outcome of surgical treatment of obesity.

scholarly journals Changes in Faecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids after Weight-Loss Interventions in Subjects with Morbid Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per G Farup ◽  
Jørgen Valeur
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Fermentation Pattern ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The gut microbiota and their metabolites, e.g., short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), are associated with obesity. The primary aims were to study faecal SCFA levels and the changes in SCFA levels after weight-loss interventions in subjects with obesity, and secondarily, to study factors associated with the faecal SCFA levels. In total, 90 subjects (men / women: 15/75) with a mean age of 44.4 (SD 8.4) years, BMI 41.7 (SD 3.7) kg/m2 and morbid obesity (BMI > 40 or > 35 kg/m2 with obesity-related complications) were included. Faecal SCFA and other variables were measured at inclusion and after a six-month conservative weight-loss intervention followed by bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or gastric sleeve). Six months after surgery, the total amount of SCFA was reduced, the total and relative amounts of the main straight SCFA (acetic-, propionic-, and butyric- acids) were reduced, and the total and relative amounts of branched SCFA (isobutyric-, isovaleric-, and isocaproic- acids) were increased. The changes indicate a shift toward a proteolytic fermentation pattern with unfavorable health effects. The amount of SCFA was associated with the diet but not with metabolic markers or makers of the faecal microbiota composition. Dietary interventions could counteract the unfavorable effects.

scholarly journals Microbial Adaptation Due to Gastric Bypass Surgery: The Nutritional Impact

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Crommen ◽  
Alma Mattes ◽  
Marie-Christine Simon
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
The Impact

Bariatric surgery leads to sustained weight loss and the resolution of obesity-related comorbidities. Recent studies have suggested that changes in gut microbiota are associated with the weight loss induced by bariatric surgery. Several studies have observed major changes in the microbial composition following gastric bypass surgery. However, there are inconsistencies between the reported alterations in microbial compositions in different studies. Furthermore, it is well established that diet is an important factor shaping the composition and function of intestinal microbiota. However, most studies on gastric bypass have not assessed the impact of dietary intake on the microbiome composition in general, let alone the impact of restrictive diets prior to bariatric surgery, which are recommended for reducing liver fat content and size. Thus, the relative impact of bariatric surgery on weight loss and gut microbiota remains unclear. Therefore, this review aims to provide a deeper understanding of the current knowledge of the changes in intestinal microbiota induced by bariatric surgery considering pre-surgical nutritional changes.

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