scholarly journals Screening for Early Signs of Paternal Perinatal Affective Disorder in Expectant Fathers: A Cluster Analysis Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Sonia Mangialavori ◽  
Michele Giannotti ◽  
Marco Cacioppo ◽  
Federico Spelzini ◽  
Franco Baldoni
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Marital Adjustment ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Cluster Membership ◽  
Expectant Fathers ◽  
The Individual

Previous studies documented gender-related differences in the expression of Perinatal Affective Disorders. However, little attention has been paid to screening the male population during the perinatal period. This study was based on three aims: (1) to investigate the mental health of expectant fathers based on their levels of depression, anxiety, addiction, anger attacks/hostility, and somatization, identifying psychological profiles; (2) to analyze the association between these profiles and the individual variable of perceived stress; (3) and to examine the association between these profiles and the couple’s variable of marital adjustment. A total of 350 Italian expectant fathers in the last trimester of pregnancy were asked to fill in questionnaires concerning perceived stress, dyadic adjustment, psychiatric symptomatology, and depression. Three different clusters were found: “psychologically healthy men” (68%) with low levels of symptoms on all the scales; “men at risk of externalized behavioral problems” (17.1%), characterized by one or more addictive or risky behaviors and moderate levels of scales scores; and “men experiencing psychological distress” (14.9%), with the highest scores on all the scales. A significant association emerged among the perceived stress, marital adjustment, and cluster membership. These results highlight the importance of screening fathers in perinatal health services, which are still predominantly mother-centered, and underscore the necessity to create tailored and personalized interventions.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KECEMASAN TERHADAP PENYESUAIAN PERNIKAHAN PADA WANITA PERIMENOPAUSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Ivana Kamilie ◽  
Rismiyati E. Koesma ◽  
Zamralita Zamralita
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Marital Adjustment ◽  
Hot Flashes ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment Scale ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Individual

Physical decline will occur gradually in middle adulthood. One of the big things related to the physical condition of middle adult women is the period of perimenopause. Not only physically, the perimenopause period will also affect the emotional aspects of women. In this period, women will experience a higher level of anxiety rather than other developmental periods. The anxiety experienced not only affects the individual, but can also have an impact on the couple, such as affecting marriage satisfaction, marriage quality, and sexual satisfaction. One term that is quite broad and can summarize these aspects is marital adjustment. This study aims to determine the effect of anxiety on marital adjustment in perimenopause women. Participants in this study were 182 women, aged 40-50 years who experienced perimenopause symptoms (hot flashes, vaginal dryness, easy headaches, bone loss, increased levels of bad cholesterol, dry skin, difficulty concentrating, forgetfulness, decreased sexual desire and fertility, mood changes, irritability, increased symptoms of depression and anxiety). The measuring instruments used in this study were the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). In this study, the analysis technique used is simple linear regression. The results showed a negative effect of anxiety on marriage adjustment (B = -0.583, p <0.01). The higher the anxiety, the lower the marriage adjustment, and vice versa. The amount of influence given by anxiety on marital adjustment is 34%. Penurunan fisik akan terjadi secara bertahap pada masa dewasa madya. Salah satu hal besar yang berhubungan dengan kondisi fisik pada wanita dewasa madya adalah periode perimenopause. Tidak hanya berpengaruh secara fisik, periode perimenopause juga akan memengaruhi aspek emosional pada wanita. Pada periode ini, wanita akan mengalami tingkat kecemasan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada masa perkembangan lainnya. Kecemasan yang dialami tidak hanya berdampak pada individu, namun juga dapat berdampak pada pasangan, seperti memengaruhi kepuasan pernikahan, kualitas pernikahan, dan kepuasan seksual, Salah satu istilah yang cukup luas dan dapat merangkum aspek-aspek terseut adalah penyesuaian pernikahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh kecemasan terhadap penyesuaian pernikahan pada wanita perimenopause. Partisipan pada penelitian ini adalah 182 wanita, berusia 40-50 tahun yang mengalami simptom perimenopause (hot flashes, rasa kering pada vagina, mudah sakit kepala, pengeroposan tulang, peningkatan kadar kolesterol jahat, kulit kering, sulit berkonsenterasi, mudah lupa, penurunan gairah seksual dan kesuburan, perubahan kondisi mood, mudah tersinggung, peningkatan gejala depresi dan kecemasan). Alat ukur yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) dan Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). Pada penelitian ini teknik analisa yang digunakan adalah regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh negatif kecemasan terhadap penyesuaian pernikahan (B = -0.583, p < 0.01). Semakin tinggi kecemasan maka penyesuaian pernikahan akan semakin rendah, dan sebaliknya. Adapun besar pengaruh yang diberikan kecemasan terhadap penyesuaian pernikahan adalah sebesar 34%.

scholarly journals Impact of Perceived Stress and Immune Status on Decision-Making Abilities during COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Vincenza Tarantino ◽  
Ilaria Tasca ◽  
Nicoletta Giannetto ◽  
Giuseppa Renata Mangano ◽  
Patrizia Turriziani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Individual Health Status ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The ability to make risky decisions in stressful contexts has been largely investigated in experimental settings. We examined this ability during the first months of COVID-19 pandemic, when in Italy people were exposed to a prolonged stress condition, mainly caused by a rigid lockdown. Participants among the general population completed two cognitive tasks, an Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), which measures individual risk/reward decision-making tendencies, and a Go/No-Go task (GNG), to test impulsivity, together with two questionnaires, the Perceived Stress Scale and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales. The Immune Status Questionnaire was additionally administered to explore the impact of the individual health status on decision making. The effect of the questionnaires scores on task performance was examined. The results showed that higher levels of perceived stress and a more self-reported vulnerable immune status were associated, separately, with less risky/more advantageous choices in the IGT in young male participants but with more risky/less advantageous choices in older male participants. These effects were not found in female participants. Impulsivity errors in the GNG were associated with more anxiety symptoms. These findings bring attention to the necessity of taking into account decision-making processes during stressful conditions, especially in the older and more physically vulnerable male population.

Penggunaan Social Stories untuk Menurunkan Perilaku Nonadaptif Saat Berada dalam Kendaraan Bagi Autisme Dewasa

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Markus Nanang Irawan ◽  
Sri Widyawati
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Social Stories ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Graph Analysis ◽  
Adult Autism ◽  
The Individual

<pre><span>Individuals autism often have non-adaptive behavioral problems because of their barriers in communication and social interaction. The problem of non-adaptive behavior is often a nuisance to others because its appearance is not appropriate and not in accordance with the environment, age, and expectations of responsibility. One case of non-adaptive behavior that arises is the behavior while in a vehicle where the individual shows the behavior of singing loudly, knocking windows, pinching the driver, even holding the steering wheel. Based on these problems, this study aims to reduce non-adaptive behavior while in a vehicle. Participant is an adult autism. The research method is experiment by giving Social Stories to participants before riding the vehicle then recording to the possibility appearance of non adaptive behavior. The results of graph analysis showed a decrease in non adaptive behavior of adult autism adults while in a vehicle. This study became one of the important studies because it tries to understand the dynamics of behavior problems of individual autisme in adulthood.<strong></strong></span></pre><pre><span> </span></pre>

SEX-ROLE ORIENTATION AND MARITAL ADJUSTMENT

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Davidson ◽  
Donna L. Sollie
Keyword(s):  
Role Theory ◽  
Marital Adjustment ◽  
Symbolic Interaction ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theory Interpretation

The relationship between sex-role orientation and marital adjustment was investigated. Using a sample of 112 married couples, husbands and wives separately completed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. The hypotheses tested were based on the assumption that an androgynous sex-role orientation, which incorporates both instrumental and expressive capacities, would be most positively related to self and spouse's marital adjustment, while an undifferentiated orientation would be least related. Results indicated that in general both androgynous and sex-typed individuals and their spouses were significantly higher in marital adjustment than were undifferentiated individuals and their spouses. In addition, spousal sex-role types were found to be related and couples in which both partners were classified as undifferentiated reported the lowest levels of marital adjustment while androgynous couples and sex-typed couples reported greater levels of marital adjustment. The results were discussed in relation to their support for a symbolic interaction/ role theory interpretation of the association between sex-role orientation and marital adjustment.

scholarly journals Comparison of Marital and Sexual Functioning of the Spouses of Patients with Schizophrenia and Depressive Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 263183182110180
Author(s):  
Shivali Aggarwal ◽  
Sandeep Grover ◽  
Subho Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Marital Adjustment ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment ◽  
Marital Functioning ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Marital Forgiveness

Aim: This study assessed the various aspects of marital functioning among the spouses of patients with schizophrenia and recurrent depressive disorder (RDD). Methodology: Spouses were assessed on Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), Marital Forgiveness Scale, Quality Marriage Index, New Sexual Satisfaction Scale, and Arizona Sexual Experience Questionnaire. Results: Compared to the spouses of patients with RDD, spouses of patients with schizophrenia reported poor marital adjustment (in the consensus and satisfaction domains of DAS), lower quality of marriage, and significantly lower sexual satisfaction. Spouses did not differ significantly on account of marital forgiveness and prevalence of sexual dysfunction. Higher age of onset of schizophrenia in the patients was associated with better quality of marriage as assessed by using quality of marriage scale, better consensus, and satisfaction as per the DAS. Higher residual psychopathology and poor socio-occupational functioning in patients with schizophrenia were associated with poor marital adjustment and sexual satisfaction. Conclusion: To conclude, the present study depicts that the spouses of patients with schizophrenia have poorer marital adjustment and sexual satisfaction, in comparison to the spouses of patients with RDD.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Doses of 17 Α -Methyltestosterone on Masculinization, Pre-Post Treatment Growth Parameters and Condition Factor of Sarotherodon Melanotheron in Pond System

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Theophilus Apenuvor ◽  
John Blay ◽  
Joseph Aggreyfynn ◽  
Simon Drafor
Keyword(s):  
Condition Factor ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Sarotherodon Melanotheron

Over-population and stunted growth had been major challenges in the culture of tilapia. The use of synthetic androgen 17- α Methyl Testosterone (MT) was a breakthrough. However, its optimum level towards effective masculinization and growth is a concern. The aim of this research was to ascertain the optimum level of MT towards effective all-male population production and growth of Black-Chinned tilapia. In the present study, the effect of different dose rates of synthetic androgen 17-α Methyl Testosterone (MT) i.e., 0, 30, 60, and 120 mg of the hormone per kg of feed on sex, growth, and condition of Black-Chinned tilapia was evaluated. MT was administered orally by using powdered dry starter feed (Crude Protein 40 %) and Ethanol. The fry was fed for 30 days in the experimental tanks. At the end of the experiment, the sex ratios were determined by examining the operculum coloration as a means of sex identification. Growth performance was monitored by measuring and recording the morphometric characteristics. Bodyweight and total length of the fish on the start of feeding, end of feeding (one month sex reversal period), and two months after feeding were measured. The results of the present study showed that all MT receiving treatment showed a significantly higher male proportion than the control (0 mg MT/kg feed individuals). In all MT treatments groups, the control expects the 30 mg MT/kg in feed individuals’ deviate significantly from the normal 1:1 sex ratio (Chi-square analysis). The dose rate of 120 mg MT /kg feed resulted in the maximum male population (92.7%). Hence, for an effective high percentage of all-male population production in Black-Chinned tilapia, 120 mg MT /kg in feed is recommended. In terms of growth and condition factor, all the individual treatments, as well as the control, showed no significant difference. All the treated individuals showed similar condition factors during the pre and post-treatment, however, the individuals treated with 30 mg MT /kg feed exhibited better condition during the pre-treatment than the post-treatment period. Temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen recorded in this study were within the desirable limit for tilapia.

scholarly journals Sensul în viață la vârsta a treia. Stadiu de dezvoltare a personalitatii umane

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Florin Marius Voicu
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Erik Erikson ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
The Individual

Austrian psychiatrist Viktor Frankl is among the first researchers of the meaning of life. His studies demonstrate the importance of living a meaningful life (Frankl, 1963). Meaning in life has become an important psychological concept in the research of emotional balance throughout life and decisive for the feeling of a fulfilled life in old age. Michael F. Steger's research shows that people who have a meaning in life, sense, and purpose generally feel happier and more satisfied daily, less depressed, anxious, and less likely to engage in risky behaviors. The six-factor model of psychological well-being is a theory developed by Carol Ryff (Carol Ryff, 1989). The meaning of life is studied according to age, age dynamics. The stages of development highlighted by Erik Erikson attach special importance to the meaning given to life lived in the developmental stage suggestively called "Integrity vs. Despair". Theories on aging highlight the terms "salutogenesis” and “pathogenesis”(Antonovsky, 1979) that imply different perspectives on life. Theories agree that meaning in life is an important concept in the ontogenesis of the human personality, necessary for the general well-being of the individual (Carol Ryff) being reflected in the state of physical health and the present emotional disposition (status). What is important, as a conclusion, is that all psychological factors are involved in the meaning of this life. To the extent that man has a meaning, his entire psychic structure participates in its realization. The current study highlights the changes that occur in the personality of the individual in old age and the psychological mechanisms with an adaptive role in this regard.

Spiritual Well-Being and Marital Adjustment

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia D. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Marital Adjustment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
Married Individuals ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over 40 Years

This pilot study investigated the relationship of spiritual well-being (defined here as a well-integrated internal religious orientation) to marital adjustment. The subscale dimensions of satisfaction, cohesion, consensus, and affectual expression were used as indicators of adjustment as measured by Spanier's (1976) Dyadic Adjustment Scale. These scale scores were correlated with the religious, existential, and spiritual well-being scores from Paloutzian & Ellison's (1982) Spiritual Well-Being Scale. Subjects were 147 married individuals from churches in Southern California. Responses indicated that spiritual well-being correlated significantly to marital adjustment, with significant differences for years married: Those married 10–40 years showed a higher correlation than those married over 40 years. Existential well-being scores correlated highly with marital adjustment scores at most marital stages. This provides some support for the hypothesis that lived-out spirituality is an important factor in perception of marital happiness.

A Dyadic Study on Perceived Stress and Couple Adjustment During Pregnancy: The Mediating Role of Depressive Symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1935-1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Baldoni ◽  
Michele Giannotti ◽  
Giulia Casu ◽  
Valerio Luperini ◽  
Federico Spelzini
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Couple Adjustment ◽  
The Relationship

Stress is associated with dyadic adjustment during transition to parenthood, but little is known about mechanisms underlying this link, particularly during prenatal period. This dyadic study explored the mediating role of depressive symptoms in the relationship between perceived stress and dyadic adjustment in expectant couples. One hundred and fourteen couples at the third trimester of pregnancy completed self-reports of perceived stress, depression, and dyadic adjustment. Results indicated that both parents’ perceived stress was associated with their own lower relationship satisfaction directly and indirectly, through their own higher depressive symptoms. Mothers’ perceived stress was also linked to higher fathers’ depressive symptoms, and thus also to lower fathers’ relationship satisfaction. Both parents’ perceived stress was only directly associated with their own dyadic consensus, and their own and their partners’ affectional expression. Findings suggest that interventions aimed at reducing expectant parents’ perceived stress could protect against depressive symptoms and promote the couple’s adjustment during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Social Support, Perceived Stress, Socio-Demographic Factors and Relationship Quality among Polish Mothers of Prematurely Born Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3876
Author(s):  
Karolina Lutkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment Scale ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Preterm Born

Families with a prematurely born child may be exposed to various difficulties associated with prematurity. The study aimed to explain the relationship between social support and the quality of the partnership among mothers of children born prematurely. In addition, the coexistence of social support, perceived stress and social-demographical factors in the neonatal period was examined. The study group consisted of 260 mothers of preterm born children. Subjects completed The Socio-Demographic Questionnaire, The Social Support Sources Questionnaire (SSQ), The Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) and The Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ). In the second phase of the study, mothers completed The Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). Person’s correlation coefficients were used to examine the variables and hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to examine the relative contributions of social support on partnership relation quality. The study results showed that social support is positively related to partnership relationship quality among mothers of preterm born children. Social support measured in the neonatal period is not connected with relationship quality measured in the early childhood period. Social support is related with the father’s level of education and perceived stress corresponds with the level of parents’ education. The findings highlight the importance of expanding supportive resources for couples dealing with premature birth, especially among those with a lower level of education and lower financial status.

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