scholarly journals Postulated Adjuvant Therapeutic Strategies for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson O. Ferreira ◽  
Hudson C. Polonini ◽  
Eli C. F. Dijkers
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Orthosilicic Acid ◽  
Uncaria Tomentosa ◽  
Associated Symptoms ◽  
Immune Transfer

The number of COVID-19 patients is still growing exponentially worldwide due to the high transmissibility of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Therapeutic agents currently under investigation are antiviral drugs, vaccines, and other adjuvants that could relieve symptoms or improve the healing process. In this review, twelve therapeutic agents that could play a role in prophylaxis or improvement of the COVID-19-associated symptoms (as add-on substances) are discussed. Agents were identified based on their known pharmacologic mechanism of action in viral and/or nonviral fields and are postulated to interact with one or more of the seven known mechanisms associated with the SARS-CoV-2 virus: (i) regulation of the immune system; (ii) virus entrance in the cell; (iii) virus replication; (iv) hyperinflammation; (v) oxidative stress; (vi) thrombosis; and (vii) endotheliitis. Selected agents were immune transfer factor (oligo- and polypeptides from porcine spleen, ultrafiltered at <10 kDa; Imuno TF®), anti-inflammatory natural blend (Uncaria tomentosa, Endopleura uchi and Haematoccocus pluvialis; Miodesin®), zinc, selenium, ascorbic acid, cholecalciferol, ferulic acid, spirulina, N-acetylcysteine, glucosamine sulfate potassium hydrochloride, trans-resveratrol, and maltodextrin-stabilized orthosilicic acid (SiliciuMax®). This review gives the scientific background on the hypothesis that these therapeutic agents can act in synergy in the prevention and improvement of COVID-19-associated symptoms.

Uncaria tomentosa: A promising source of therapeutic agents for prevention and treatment of oxidative stress and cancer

Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 505-514
Author(s):  
Francesca Ciani ◽  
Natascia Cocchia ◽  
Viola Calabrò ◽  
Alessandra Pollice ◽  
Lucianna Maruccio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Uncaria Tomentosa ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Promising Source

Effect of Exposure to Mixture of Heavy Metals Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead on Reproductive Function and Oxidative Stress in Female Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Choudhuri D. ◽  
Bhattacharjee T.
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Oestrus Cycle ◽  
Implantation Sites ◽  
Live Fetus

Background : Toxicological consequences arising from exposure to mixtures of heavy metals especially at low, chronic and environmentally relevant doses are poorly recognised. In the present study, we evaluated effects of chronic exposure to combinations of three metals arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) present frequently in drinking water on reproductive function and oxidative damage caused to reproductive organs of female rats. Method : Female rats were exposed to mixture of metals (As, Cdand Pb) for 90 consecutive days. The gain in body weight and weight of reproductive organs were recorded following autopsy on 91 stday. The oestrus cycle were monitored during entire treatment period. Numbers of corpora lutea, implantation sites, live fetus and survival of the fetus were evaluated in rats mated successfully with untreated male after completion of their respective treatment. Ovarian cholesterol, protein, ascorbic acid and enzyme Δ 5 -3β HSD levels were estimated. Serum levels of steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone were estimated. Histopathological picture of both ovary and uterus were assessed. Levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidise (GPX) activity, amount of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondyaldehyde (MDA) in blood, ovary and uterus were measured as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Results : The treated rats showed reduced body weight gain and reduction in the weight of ovary and uterus. Oestrus cycle was disrupted with continuous diestrous in treated animals. Number of corpora lutea, implantation sites and live fetus and the survival of fetus evaluate were reduced significantly in treated groups. The levels of ovarian cholesterol and ascorbic acid increased in treated rats with decrease Δ5 -3β HSD level. There was reduction in serum level of both the ovarian steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone. The protein levels did not differ between the groups. There was a significant increase in levels of MDA and decrease in levels of all the antioxidant enzymes in treated group. Conclusion : The results revealed there was disruption to reproductive functions with decrease in stereoidogenic activity and associated oxidative stress in female rats treated with combination of mixture of metals (Cd, As and Pb) at low dose for 90 consecutive days.

Alpha-1-Antichymotrypsin: a Common Player for Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataly Guzmán-Herrera ◽  
Viridiana C. Pérez-Nájera ◽  
Luis A. Salazar-Olivo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Oxidative Stresses ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background: Numerous studies have shown a significant association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), two pathologies affecting millions of people worldwide. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are two conditions common to these diseases also affecting the activity of the serpin alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), but a possible common role for this serpin in T2D and AD remains unclear. Objective: To explore the possible regulatory networks linking ACT to T2D and AD. Materials and Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed, Med-line, Open-i, ScienceDirect, Scopus and SpringerLink for data indicating or suggesting association among T2D, AD, and ACT. Searched terms like “alpha-1-antichymotrypsin”, “type 2 diabetes”, “Alzheimer's disease”, “oxidative stress”, “pro-inflammatory mediators” among others were used. Moreover, common therapeutic strategies between T2D and AD as well as the use of ACT as a therapeutic target for both diseases were included. Results: ACT has been linked with development and maintenance of T2D and AD and studies suggest their participation through activation of inflammatory pathways and oxidative stress, mechanisms also associated with both diseases. Likewise, evidences indicate that diverse therapeutic approaches are common to both diseases. Conclusion: Inflammatory and oxidative stresses constitute a crossroad for T2D and AD where ACT could play an important role. In-depth research on ACT involvement in these two dysfunctions could generate new therapeutic strategies for T2D and AD.

scholarly journals Recurrent Indoor Environmental Pollution and Its Impact on Health and Oxidative Stress of the Textile Workers in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863022093839
Author(s):  
Tania Rahman ◽  
Ar-Rafi Md. Faisal ◽  
Tahura Khanam ◽  
Hossain Uddin Shekhar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Textile Workers ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Oxidative Stresses ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Textile Industries

Perennial indoor environmental pollution in the textile industrial area is a potential health hazard for workers engaged in this line of work, resulting in mental aberration to severe health risks. This study was designed to investigate the indoor environmental quality of textile industries and correlate its effect on the occupational health and well-being of the textile workers by measuring plasma oxidative stress status in textile workers and healthy control subjects. Environmental samples were collected from 15 textile industries located in Dhaka division, and 30 volunteer textile workers and 30 volunteer office workers (control) aged 18 to 57 years participated in the study. The concentration of plasma ascorbic acid (P-ASC), plasma malondialdehyde (P-MDA), and plasma conjugated diene (P-CD) was measured in both groups. The noise level (78.0 ± 0.68 dB) and the formaldehyde level (141.80 ± 4.47 µg/m3) were found to be significantly higher in the indoor environmental area compared with those in the control area (70.17 ± 0.25 dB and 108.0 ± 0.76 µg/m3, respectively). Furthermore, the daily average concentration of suspended particulate matters (PMs), that is, PM2.5 (322.2 ± 13.46 µg/m3) and PM10 (411.0 ± 17.57 µg/m3), was also found to be significantly higher in the indoor environmental air compared with that in the control area (78.59 ± 1.66 and 174.0 ± 2.33 µg/m3, respectively). The levels of P-MDA (0.37 ± 0.03 nmol/L) and P-CD (14.74 ± 0.61 nmol/L) were significantly increased, whereas the level of P-ASC level (0.46 ± 0.04 mg/dL) was markedly decreased in the textile workers compared with the healthy control subjects (0.18 ± 0.01 nmol/L of P-MDA, 10.04 ± 0.44 nmol/L of P-CD, and 1.29 ± 0.06 mg/dL of P-ASC). The textile plants were found to have significantly elevated levels of indoor environmental pollutants compared with those in the control area, and the textile workers were significantly exposed to oxidative stresses compared with the control subjects. The use of noise pads and high-efficiency air filters is perhaps highly instrumental to put an end to this prevailing situation. Moreover, to overcome the oxidative stresses among workers, supplementation of antioxidant vitamins (ie, ascorbic acid and/or vitamin E) may be beneficial. In addition, to prevent serious health-related issues, proper precautions should be taken to protect the occupational health of the textile workers.

scholarly journals Metabolic Changes and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Kidney Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1143
Author(s):  
Midori Sakashita ◽  
Tetsuhiro Tanaka ◽  
Reiko Inagi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Diabetic Kidney ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of end-stage kidney disease, and it is crucial to understand the pathophysiology of DKD. The control of blood glucose levels by various glucose-lowering drugs, the common use of inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin system, and the aging of patients with diabetes can alter the disease course of DKD. Moreover, metabolic changes and associated atherosclerosis play a major role in the etiology of DKD. The pathophysiology of DKD is largely attributed to the disruption of various cellular stress responses due to metabolic changes, especially an increase in oxidative stress. Therefore, many antioxidants have been studied as therapeutic agents. Recently, it has been found that NRF2, a master regulator of oxidative stress, plays a major role in the pathogenesis of DKD and bardoxolone methyl, an activator of NRF2, has attracted attention as a drug that increases the estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with DKD. This review outlines the altered stress responses of cellular organelles in DKD, their involvement in the pathogenesis of DKD, and discusses strategies for developing therapeutic agents, especially bardoxolone methyl.

scholarly journals Total Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Peroxidation Status in Cervical Cancer Patients Compared with Women Without Cervical Cancer in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taslima Nigar ◽  
Annekathryn Goodman ◽  
Shahana Pervin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Oxidative Stress Index ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Abstract Purpose Over the past several decades, research has suggested reactive oxygen species act as cofactors for cervical cancer development. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and lipid peroxidation status in cervical cancer patients in Bangladesh. Methods From December 2017 to 2018, a cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 50 cervical cancer patients and 50 controls. Plasma levels of lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity were measured. The Student’s t test was used for statistical analysis. P values less than 0.05 were taken as a level of significance. Results There was a significant reduction in total antioxidant levels in patients with cervical cancer, 972.77 ± 244.22 SD µmol equivalent to ascorbic acid/L, compared to normal controls, 1720.13 ± 150.81 SD µmol equivalent to ascorbic acid/L (P < 0.001). Levels of lipid peroxidation were found to be significantly higher in cervical cancer, 7.49 ± 2.13 SD µmol/L, than in women without cervical cancer, 3.28 ± 0.58 SD µmol/L (P < 0.001). The cervical cancer patients had significantly higher levels of oxidative stress index (0.83 ± 0.31) in comparison to controls (0.19 ± 0.04) (P < 0.001). Conclusion There was an increased oxidative stress index due to imbalance between lipid peroxidation generation and total antioxidant capacity in cervical cancer patients. Further studies are needed to explore the role of oxidative stress as a cofactor for cervical carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals The role of ascorbic acid combined exposure on Imidacloprid-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in Nile tilapia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam M. El-Garawani ◽  
Elsayed A. Khallaf ◽  
Alaa A. Alne-na-ei ◽  
Rehab G. Elgendy ◽  
Gaber A. M. Mersal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Gill Cells ◽  
Significant Amelioration ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticide ◽  
Dna Strand

AbstractImidacloprid (Imid), a systemic neonicotinoid insecticide, is broadly used worldwide. It is reported to contaminate aquatic systems. This study was proposed to evaluate oxidative stress and genotoxicity of Imid on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the protective effect of ascorbic acid (Asc). O. niloticus juveniles (30.4 ± 9.3 g, 11.9 ± 1.3 cm) were divided into six groups (n = 10/replicate). For 21 days, two groups were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of Imid (8.75 ppm, 1/20 of 72 h-LC50 and 17.5 ppm, 1/10 of 72 h-LC50); other two groups were exposed to Asc (50 ppm) in combination with Imid (8.75 and 17.5 ppm); one group was exposed to Asc (50 ppm) in addition to a group of unexposed fish which served as controls. Oxidative stress was assessed in the liver where the level of enzymatic activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in addition to mRNA transcripts and, Lipid peroxidation (LPO) were evaluated. Moreover, mitotic index (MI) and comet assay were performed, in addition, the erythrocytic micronucleus (MN), and nuclear abnormalities (NA) were observed to assess genotoxicity in fish. Imid exposure induced significant (p ˂ 0.05) changes in the antioxidant profile of the juveniles' liver by increasing the activities and gene expression of SOD, CAT and GPX as well as elevating the levels of LPO. DNA strand breaks in gill cells, erythrocytes and hepatocytes along with erythrocytic MN and NA were also significantly elevated in Imid-exposed groups. MI showed a significant (p ˂ 0.05) decrease associated with Imid exposure. Asc administration induced a significant amelioration towards the Imid toxicity (8.75 and 17.5 ppm). A significant protective potency against the genotoxic effects of Imid was evidenced in Asc co-treated groups. Collectively, results highlight the importance of Asc as a protective agent against Imid-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in O. niloticus juveniles.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Renal and Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Amelia Charlton ◽  
Jessica Garzarella ◽  
Karin A. M. Jandeleit-Dahm ◽  
Jay C. Jha
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Emerging Therapies

Oxidative stress and inflammation are considered major drivers in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, including renal and cardiovascular disease. A symbiotic relationship also appears to exist between oxidative stress and inflammation. Several emerging therapies target these crucial pathways, to alleviate the burden of the aforementioned diseases. Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses, a pathological state which not only leads to direct cellular damage but also an inflammatory cascade that further perpetuates tissue injury. Emerging therapeutic strategies tackle these pathways in a variety of ways, from increasing antioxidant defenses (antioxidants and Nrf2 activators) to reducing ROS production (NADPH oxidase inhibitors and XO inhibitors) or inhibiting the associated inflammatory pathways (NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, lipoxins, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and AT-1 receptor antagonists). This review summarizes the mechanisms by which oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to and perpetuate diabetes associated renal and cardiovascular disease along with the therapeutic strategies which target these pathways to provide reno and cardiovascular protection in the setting of diabetes.

scholarly journals The Interplay of RNA Binding Proteins, Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in ALS

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 552
Author(s):  
Jasmine Harley ◽  
Benjamin E. Clarke ◽  
Rickie Patani
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Rna Binding Protein ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

RNA binding proteins fulfil a wide number of roles in gene expression. Multiple mechanisms of RNA binding protein dysregulation have been implicated in the pathomechanisms of several neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction also play important roles in these diseases. In this review, we highlight the mechanistic interplay between RNA binding protein dysregulation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in ALS. We also discuss different potential therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways.

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