scholarly journals An Integrated Biomarker Approach Using Flounder to Improve Chemical Risk Assessments in the Heavily Polluted Seine Estuary

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-35
Author(s):  
Elodie Borcier ◽  
Grégory Charrier ◽  
Jérôme Couteau ◽  
Géraldine Maillet ◽  
Fabienne Le Grand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Status ◽  
Muscle Membrane ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Seine Estuary ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Free Sterols ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
Muscle Energetic ◽  
Energetic Reserves ◽  
Neutral Markers

The objective of this study was to develop an integrative approach in ecotoxicology (from biomarkers to population genetics) to assess the ecological status of fish populations. Flounders (Platichthys flesus) collected after the spawning season in the heavily polluted Seine estuary were compared with the moderately polluted Bay of Douarnenez. The muscle energetic reserves were highly depleted in Seine vs. Douarnenez fish. The Seine fish displaying a reduced capacity to manage the oxidative stress and a higher energetic metabolism. An increase in the content of muscle membrane phospholipids (sphingomyelin, phosphatidylserine, free sterols) was detected in the Seine vs. Douarnenez fish. The data integration allowed to hypothesize relationships between membrane phospholipids, xenobiotic metabolism, bioenergetics, and antioxidant defence. The genetic diversity considering neutral markers was maintained in the heavily polluted Seine population compared with the Douarnenez population. Finally, we suggest that the high physiological cost of tolerance to toxicants in the Seine flounder population could compromise its capacity to respond in the future to an additional stressor like warming waters in shallow depth. Thus, this population could be submitted to an ecological risk.

Who has to pay for measures in the field of water management? A proposal for applying the polluter pays principle

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Grünebaum ◽  
Heinrich Schweder ◽  
Michael Weyand
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
Financial Expenditure ◽  
Polluter Pays Principle ◽  
Good Ecological Status ◽  
Special Algorithm ◽  
Small Tributary

There is no doubt about the fact that the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the pursuit of its goal of good ecological status will give rise to measures in different fields of water management. However, a conclusive and transparent method of financing these measures is still missing up to now. Measures in the water management sector are no mere end in themselves; instead, they serve specific ends directed at human activities or they serve general environment objectives. Following the integrative approach of the WFD on looking upon river basins as a whole and its requirement to observe the polluter pays principle, all different groups within a river basin should contribute to the costs according to their cost-bearer roles as polluters, stakeholders with vested interests or beneficiaries via relevant yardsticks. In order to quantify the financial expenditure of each cost bearer, a special algorithm was developed and tested in the river basin of a small tributary of the Ruhr River. It was proved to be generally practicable with regard to its handling and the comprehension of the results. Therefore, the application of a cost bearer system based on the polluter-pays principle and thus in correspondence with the WFD's requirements should appear possible in order to finance future measures.

scholarly journals Regulation of glucose and protein metabolism in growing steers by long-chain n-3 fatty acids in muscle membrane phospholipids is dose-dependent

animal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fortin ◽  
P. Julien ◽  
Y. Couture ◽  
P. Dubreuil ◽  
P.Y. Chouinard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Muscle Membrane ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Long Chain

Skeletal muscle phosphatidylcholine fatty acids and insulin sensitivity in normal humans

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (4) ◽  
pp. E665-E670 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Clore ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Ranjodh Gill ◽  
Shona Gupta ◽  
Robert Spencer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Membrane ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Normal Humans

The fatty acid composition of skeletal muscle membrane phospholipids (PL) is known to influence insulin responsiveness in humans. However, the contribution of the major PL of the outer (phosphatidylcholine, PC) and inner (phosphatidylethanolamine, PE) layers of the sarcolemma to insulin sensitivity is not known. Fatty acid composition of PC and PE from biopsies of vastus lateralis from 27 normal men and women were correlated with insulin sensitivity determined by the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique at insulin infusion rates of 0.4, 1.0, and 10.0 mU ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1. Significant variation in the half-maximal insulin concentration (ED50) was observed in the normal volunteers (range 24.0–146.0 μU/ml), which correlated directly with fasting plasma insulin ( r = 0.75, P < 0.0001). ED50 was inversely correlated with the degree of membrane unsaturation (C20-C22polyunsaturated fatty acids; r = 0.58, P < 0.01) and directly correlated with fatty acid elongation (ratio of 16:0 to 18:0, r = 0.45, P < 0.05) in PC. However, no relationship between fatty acid composition and insulin sensitivity was observed in PE (NS). These studies suggest that the fatty acid composition of PC may be of particular importance in the relationship between fatty acids and insulin sensitivity in normal humans.

Ecohydrological integrative approach to restoration interventions on Pellice River (Piedmont Region, Italy)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Perucca ◽  
Gioia Gibelli ◽  
Francesco Peres ◽  
Jacopo Tarchiani ◽  
Riccardo Telò
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Return Time ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Sediment Management ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Aquatic Animal ◽  
Management Interventions

&lt;p&gt;Interventions of risk mitigation from floods can no longer be separated from the evaluation and improvement of river ecological status. Specific reference is made to the European framework on water quality 2000/60/CE which in turn, in Italy, has been applied in the so-called Management Plan of the Po basin (2015-2021).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Pellice River is the recipient of the first multi-objective interventions in Italy that respond to this innovative vision of water courses. It is therefore a pilot case that distinguishes from previous design approaches. The areas of intervention have been identified at institutional level (AIPO, Regional and River Basin Authority), selecting the zones where sediment management and flood defense interventions also include habitat improvement. The working group had the task to prepare the detailed design in order to respond to the need to recreate natural conditions of the river environment and hydraulic risk mitigation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For this purpose, the Pellice River has been studied for a length of about 20 km from the geological, hydrological, hydrogeological, geomorphological and ecological point of view, thanks to the collaboration of a multidisciplinary group, composed by engineers, biologists, ecologists, foresters, ichthyologist and river vegetation specialists. An analysis of the aquifer levels and a monitoring of the aquatic habitat were also carried out, i.e., through the identification of trout spawning. In this first phase, the aim of the study was to reach adequate information to photograph the morphological, ecological and vegetational status of the watercourse in the intervention areas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In a second phase, the analysis has been completed by means of mono and two-dimensional hydraulic modeling not only of the flood events but also with a 1- year return time event. This is necessary to evaluate the reactivation of designed secondary channels, the effectiveness of sediment management interventions and the realization of flow diversion structures made with natural elements that can also act as a refuge for animals. These results together with the maximum and minimum depth of the aquifer made it possible to design improved aquatic animal and vegetation habitats.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finally, some geomorphological indicators have been coupled with vegetational and ecological ones in order to propose a practical instrument for the evaluation of interventions effectiveness over time.&lt;/p&gt;

The effect of ionophore A23178 on the α-actinin crosslinks in the z-band of frog skeletal muscle: An EM study

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
F.T. Llados ◽  
V. Krlho ◽  
G.D. Pappas
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Transmitter Release ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Calcium Uptake ◽  
Muscle Membrane ◽  
Frog Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Ach Release ◽  
Sustained Action ◽  
Calcium Deposits ◽  
Intense Stimulation

It Is known that Ca++ enters the muscle fiber at the junctional area during the action of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (ACh). Pappas and Rose demonstrated that following Intense stimulation, calcium deposits are found In the postsynaptic muscle membrane, Indicating the existence of calcium uptake In the postsynaptic area following ACh release. In addition to this calcium uptake, when mammal Ian skeletal muscles are exposed to a sustained action of the neurotransmitter, muscle damage develops. These same effects, l.e., Increased transmitter release, calcium uptake and finally muscle damage, can be obtained by Incubating the muscle with lonophore A23178.

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