scholarly journals Sharing Economy and Government

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Sounman Hong ◽  
Sanghyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sharing Economy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Economy Growth ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
Single Industry ◽  
Electoral Competitiveness

We compared sharing economy development in 90 countries to demonstrate that higher qualities of government are associated with greater sharing economy growth. To explain this finding, we assumed that sharing economy benefits are enjoyed by the public, whereas its costs are chiefly borne by market incumbents. In considering these competing interests, policymakers tend to favor the latter as single-industry interests that can be more easily organized to influence policymaking. We then hypothesized that an electorally competitive, depoliticized, and effective government may tilt the balance against the entrenched market incumbents, leading to the growth of sharing economy industries. Overall, we found some support for this hypothesis. We especially found that electoral competitiveness strongly impacted sharing economy development and that this impact was significantly greater in a country with a depoliticized bureaucracy and effective government.

User Property, User Rights, and User Privileges

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Chapdelaine
Keyword(s):  
Public Law ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Private Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Freedom Of Contract ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
User Property

This chapter proposes two principles that should inform the development of copyright law and policy and of user rights. The first calls for more cohesion between copyright law, private law, and public law, and for less exceptionalism in copyright law. The second requires that the balance in copyright law be adjusted for its future application as a mediation tool between the competing interests of copyright holders, users, intermediaries, and the public. Instituting positive obligations for copyright holders in relation to users and steering freedom of contract toward the objectives of copyright law are necessary regulatory changes to rectify ongoing imbalances. The principle of technological neutrality should guide the judiciary in its application of copyright’s objective of promoting a balance in copyright law. The proposed guiding principles lead to the creation of a taxonomy and hierarchy of copyright user rights that take into account the myriad ways users experience copyright works.

‘The Artist is the Hero of the Story’: Harold Pinter's Moonlight as a Case Study in Reception

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
Harry Derbyshire
Keyword(s):  
Striking Difference ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
Harold Pinter ◽  
The Public ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
Mixed Response ◽  
King's College ◽  
Verbatim Theatre ◽  
The University

The first major posthumous London revival of a play by Harold Pinter was Moonlight at the Donmar Warehouse in April 2011. There was a striking difference between the critical reception of this production and the way the play had been greeted on its 1993 premiere, when Moonlight – then framed as Pinter's return after fifteen fallow years and a number of increasingly controversial political interventions – prompted an extremely mixed response. In 2011, by contrast, the critical community was more or less united. This progression can be seen to illustrate more than just the benefits of hindsight, and in this article Harry Derbyshire considers responses to Moonlight in 1993 and 2011 as a means of illuminating the range of competing interests that underlie the journalistic and academic infrastructure within which the merits of cultural products are assessed. He also considers the emotional investment commentators often have in the triumphs and reversals of those they follow on the public and cultural stage. Harry Derbyshire's doctorate, on ‘Harold Pinter: Production, Reception, Reputation 1984–1999’, is from King's College London, and he currently lectures in Drama and English at the University of Greenwich. Publications include articles on Roy Williams, on human rights and verbatim theatre, and on the Reminiscence Theatre Archive of Pam Schweitzer, recently acquired by Greenwich.

scholarly journals Sharing and Riding: How the Dockless Bike Sharing Scheme in China Shapes the City

Urban Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sharing Scheme ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
Future Direction

Over the last three years, the dockless bike sharing scheme has become prevalent in the context of the boom in the sharing economy, the wide use of mobile online payment, the increasing environmental awareness and the inherent market demand. This research takes Beijing as a case study, investigates the users’ characteristics, their behaviour change, and perceptions of dockless bike sharing scheme by the quantitative survey, and then analyzes the reasons behind it and how it has changed the residents’ life in Beijing. This new kind of dockless shared bikes, with great advantages of accessibility, flexibility, efficiency and affordability, helps to solve the ‘last mile’ problem, reduce the travel time, and seems to be very environmentally-friendly and sustainable. However, with the help of interview and document analysis, this research finds that the shared bikes are not the effective alternative for the frequent car-users. Nevertheless, it also has numerous negative consequences such as ‘zombie’ bikes blocking the sidewalks and vandalism to the bikes. The public is also worried about their quality and safety, especially the issues of ‘right of way’. How to coordinate and solve these problems is not only related to the future direction of the dockless bike sharing scheme but also to the vital interests of the general public. Therefore, it is important to emphasize that governments, enterprises, and the public participate in multi-party cooperation and build synergic governance networks to carry forward the advantages and avoid the negative effects of the new bike sharing system.

Measuring judicial independence in international law

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-551
Author(s):  
Georgios Dimitropoulos
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Judicial Independence ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
International Level ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
International Adjudication ◽  
Measurement And Evaluation ◽  
The Individual

This article searches for paths, frameworks and modules for the measurement and evaluation of judicial independence in international law. First, it discusses the measurability of the concept. Judicial independence, both as such and especially at the international level, is very difficult to measure, given the ambivalence of some proxies and variables that have been used in empirical research in order to measure it, and given the competing interests and actors in international adjudication: independence does not stand alone as the only value that needs to be protected in international adjudication. Second, the article presents methodologies for the evaluation of international judicial independence. The three competing methodologies are (i) the subjective, which looks at the subjective perception of the judges themselves or the public; (ii) the output-based, which looks at the decisions of the courts and tribunals; and (iii) the institutional, which looks at the personal independence guarantees of the judge, and the organizational safeguards of independence. Finally, this article presents its preferred model for the measurement of international judicial independence. The study takes an institutional-psychological approach that focuses on the judge and the individual institutions.

scholarly journals Share or not to share? Sharing economy in public eyes

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 05014
Author(s):  
Vladislav Kaputa ◽  
Miroslava Triznová ◽  
Hana Maťová ◽  
Mikuláš Šupín
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Shared Services ◽  
Connotative Meaning ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Internet Literacy

Research background: Sharing (or collaborative) economy brought a bulk of possibilities to spread the business internationally not only for private sector, but also for every citizen who own any assets demanded on the market. With a vital support of web platforms even individuals can utilise shared goods and services either as a supplier or as buyer. Purpose of the article: The study aims at the assessment of public attitudes towards the phenomenon of sharing economy. More detailed, the willingness to utilise shared services and goods as well as the willingness to offer them are investigated. Methods: The questionnaire survey was conducted to reveal the public attitudes towards selected aspects of sharing economy. Dominantly, the Likert-type scale is used to express respondents’ attitudes, but also the method of semantic differential was utilised. It is used as the 7-points rating scale designed to measure the connotative meaning of the sharing economy concept. The questionnaire was distributed among public using purposive sampling via web platforms. The frequency and contingency analyses with support of the relevant statistics are used to process the data. Findings & Value added: The survey reached mostly young people which is positively perceived as lot of “web-skilled” individuals could be expected among such a sample. Internet literacy is a pre-cursor for sharing economy possibilities utilisation. Surprisingly, higher share respondents do not expressed interest to offer services via sharing economy platforms. Overall, no more than 30% of the sample utilise shared services. Here, men seem to be more embraced to be involved.

scholarly journals Sharing Data – Not With Us! Distrust as Decisive Obstacle for Public Authorities to Benefit From Sharing Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Marie Ingrid Nienaber ◽  
Andree Woodcock ◽  
Fotis K. Liotopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Recent Trend ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
High Level

Future mobility planning to cope with ongoing environmental challenges such as air pollution has to be anchored in the work of every public authority worldwide. One recent trend that could support public authorities to meet the European Union’s sustainability targets is the creation and sharing of transport and mobility “big” data between public authorities via tools such as crowdsourcing. While the benefits of the use of big data to increase public authorities’ efficiency and effectivity and their citizens’ lives is well understood, examples from the public sector that highlight public authorities’ engagement in such sharing activities is still missing. To date relevant literature has highlighted issues around the capacity of public authorities that hinder shared activities. In this paper we want to raise distrust as a key reason for lack of engagement. Based on comprehensive data collected over the period of 4 years via several workshops and semi-structured interviews with seven public authorities in Europe, we are able to demonstrate that a major obstacle for not providing and sharing data via crowdsourcing for mutual benefit lies primarily in the hands of the public authority’s servants of the middle and high-level management. Our results show firstly, that distrust may emerge toward different referents such as the community, particular individuals, or the technology itself and thus, managerial implications have to be very specific to overcome distrust. Secondly, we show how distrust may spread from one referent to another through negative reciprocity and which, if unchecked may lead to an all-encompassing state that affects the whole sharing economy framework and inhibits potential benefits.

scholarly journals Focus Group Interviews Employed in the Research Analysing Young Adults’ Behaviour on the Market of Alternative Means of City Transport

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Irena Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
The Public ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
The City

Shared transportation, directly corresponding to research on the sharing economy, is an important issue, directly linked with the issue of city transport, as well as that of alternative transport when analysed from a broader perspective. Forms of alternative city transport may be classified into two basic groups, different in terms of the manner in which they use their shared vehicles. It is either ride-sourcing or vehicle-sourcing (further broken down to car-sharing, bike-sharing and scooter-sharing). All the above-specified forms require access to a mobile app or a website and, consequently, some Internet and app-using skills, so it is obvious that they are predominantly used by young people. The fact prompted the author to research consumer behaviour in the sharing economy area among young people, who are regular users of the public transport available in Krakow. The research was conducted on a group of 96 respondents using qualitative method (FGI). The objective of the research was to identify the factors which determine some specific mobile behaviours in young adults in the area of alternative forms of the public transport, as well as identification of these forms of transport which are preferred and most popular among users. With all certainty, alternative forms of transport represent an attractive transportation offer addressed to young people, complementing the city transport system. Young people pointed to the particular importance of hedonistic factors prevailing n their choices, as they particularly appreciated reaching their destination in a fast, pleasant and comfortable anner, as well as the feeling of independence and freedom. However, alternative transport was certainly not hosen for reasons related to the environmental protection or economic aspects.

A Silk Road for Professional Qualifications?

2020 ◽  
pp. 203-220
Author(s):  
Ton van den Brink ◽  
Sybe A. de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
Regulatory Strategies ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
The Eu

The tension between the public interest to regulate professions, and the economic rationales to open up markets has long since been an issue within the EU. This chapter explores how these competing interests have shaped the EU’s legal frameworks for the recognition of professional qualifications. We will see that a range of regulatory strategies have been applied to design such frameworks. The next element of the analysis is based on the assumption that we may be able to draw lessons from the EU’s internal regulatory strategies to deal with national differences in regulating professions. Thus, the chapter will examine to what extent, and under which circumstances, such regulatory strategies may offer viable perspectives for Sino–EU relations; a crucially important question considering the implications of the New Silk Road for higher education on the trade of goods and services between China and Europe.

Limitations, Defences, and Genuine Use

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Kur ◽  
Martin Senftleben
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Public ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Genuine Use ◽  
European Trade ◽  
The Common

As with other intellectual property rights, the exclusive rights of the trade mark proprietor are limited in several respects. At the international level, Article 17 TRIPS offers room for the adoption of ‘limited exceptions’ in domestic legislation (see paragraphs 2.68–2.72). On this basis, Article 14 of the Trade Mark Directive (TMD) and Article 12 of the European Trade Mark Regulation (EUTMR) provide a tool for reconciling the interests of the trade mark owner with competing interests of other traders and the public at large. As explained by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), these provisions, by limiting the effects of the exclusive rights of the trade mark owner, seek ‘to reconcile the fundamental interests of trade mark protection with those of free movement of goods and freedom to provide services in the common market in such a way that trade mark rights are able to fulfil their essential role in the system of undistorted competition which the Treaty seeks to establish and maintain’.

Interest and Disinterestedness

2021 ◽  
pp. 144-183
Author(s):  
Mark Knights
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
The Public ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
Political Office ◽  
Conflicting Interests

This chapter explores the abuse of trust when an official’s interest conflicted with that of the entrusting power or beneficiary of the trust, or where an agent’s multiple roles conflicted with each other so that the performance of a trust was compromised. Trust and interest were, it is argued, intertwined, since entrusted power demanded disinterestedness. The chapter relates the emergence of the ‘language’ of interest in the seventeenth century to debates about the competing and conflicting interests. Over the period, measures were put in place in both commercial and political office to go some way to separating competing interests and to subordinate the pecuniary self-interests of officials to the trusts from their companies or the public. Long before 1850 ‘conflict of interest’ had become an established lexicon and concept, used to debate, define and tackle corruption in office.

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