scholarly journals The Game Equilibrium of Scientific Crowdsourcing Solvers Based on the Hotelling Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohao Wang ◽  
Liying Yu
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Knowledge Flow ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Hotelling Model ◽  
Trading Cost ◽  
Game Equilibrium ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Transfer Cost

Scientific crowdsourcing, which can effectively obtain wisdom from solvers, has become a new type of open innovation to address worldwide scientific and research problems. In the crowdsourcing process, the initiator should satisfy his own research needs by selecting a proper solver from the crowd, and the solver must have multiple competitions in order to obtain scientific research tasks from the initiator. The participants in the scientific crowdsourcing are based on the knowledge flow to realize the value added of knowledge. This paper discusses a few factors, including knowledge utility, knowledge transfer cost, knowledge distance, and knowledge trading cost, which all affect the solvers to achieve game equilibrium and win tasks in scientific crowdsourcing. By referring to the concept of Hotelling model, this paper constructs a game model with the solvers as the participants, and analyses solvers’ behaviours in scientific crowdsourcing and their profit impacts by each of the key elements. The results show that from a crowdsourcing solver’s point of view, increasing knowledge utility, controlling knowledge transfer cost, shortening knowledge distance to the initiator, and leveraging with a knowledge trading cost are four effective approaches to wining the competition of a scientific crowdsourcing task. The research conclusions provide a theoretical basis and practice guidance for crowdsourcing solvers to participate in scientific crowdsourcing from the perspective of the knowledge flow process.

Gemeinsprachliche Ressourcen beim Wissens- und Wissenschaftstransfer - die Rolle der Deixis bei der propositionalen Komposition in universitären Vorlesungen in den Fächern Physik und Maschinenbau

Fachsprache ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 104-122
Author(s):  
Winfried Thielmann
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Academic Language ◽  
Ordinary Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Academic Teaching

Abstract Languages for special purposes have mainly been considered from the point of view that they are specialized, i.e. that they satisfy the terminological needs of expression of specialized groups. The purpose of this contribution is to demonstrate that specialized discourses such as university lectures may make specific use of ordinary language devices. An analysis of sections from German lectures in physics and mechanical engineering reveals that deictics play a special role in propositional  composition. The findings are relevant for the general principles of linguistic science and knowledge transfer as well as for teaching German as a first or second academic language. Schlagwörter: Sprache wissenschaftlicher Lehre – Deixis – Physik – Maschinenbau – propositionale Komposition Key words: Language of academic teaching – deictics – physics – mechanical engineering – propositional composition

scholarly journals Location of Biorefineries Based on Olive-Derived Biomass in Andalusia, Spain

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3052
Author(s):  
Diego Cardoza ◽  
Inmaculada Romero ◽  
Teresa Martínez ◽  
Encarnación Ruiz ◽  
Francisco J. Gallego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstock ◽  
Olive Stones

A biorefinery integrated process based on lignocellulosic feedstock is especially interesting in rural areas with a high density of agricultural and agro-industrial wastes, which is the case for olive crop areas and their associated industries. In the region of Andalusia, in the south of Spain, the provinces of Jaén, Córdoba and Seville accumulate more than 70% of the olive wastes generated in Spain. Therefore, the valorisation of these wastes is a matter of interest from both an environmental and a social point of view. The olive biorefinery involves a multi-product process from different raw materials: olive leaves, exhausted olive pomace, olive stones and olive tree pruning residues. Biorefinery processes associated with these wastes would allow their valorisation to produce bioenergy and high value-added renewable products. In this work, using geographic information system tools, the biomass from olive crop fields, mills and olive pomace-extracting industries, where these wastes are generated, was determined and quantified in the study area. In addition, the vulnerability of the territory was evaluated through an environmental and territorial analysis that allowed for the determination of the reception capacity of the study area. Then, information layers corresponding to the availability of the four biomass wastes, and layers corresponding to the environmental fragility of the study area were overlapped and they resulted in an overall map. This made it possible to identify the best areas for the implementation of the biorefineries based on olive-derived biomass. Finally, as an example, three zones were selected for this purpose. These locations corresponded to low fragility areas with a high availability of biomass (more than 300,000 tons/year) in a 30 km radius, which would ensure the biomass supply.

scholarly journals Joint Innovation Investment and Pricing Decisions in Retail Supply Chains with Customer Value

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1309
Author(s):  
Jiali Qu ◽  
Benyong Hu ◽  
Chao Meng
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Cooperative Game ◽  
Customer Value ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
Nash Bargaining ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Pricing Decisions ◽  
Game Equilibrium

In the retail industry, customer value has become the key to maintaining competitive advantages. In the era of new retail, customer value is not only affected by the product price, but it is also closely related to innovations, such as value-added services and unique business models. In this paper, we study the joint innovation investment and pricing decisions in a retailer–supplier supply chain based on revenue sharing contracts and customer value. We first find that, in the non-cooperative game, equilibrium only exists in the supplier Stackelberg game. However, revenue sharing contracts cannot coordinate the supply chain in the non-cooperative game. By considering supply chain members’ bargaining power, we find that there exists a unique equilibrium for the Nash bargaining product. In addition, revenue sharing contracts can coordinate the supply chain and achieve the optimal consumer surplus. When the supply chain is coordinated, supply chain profit is allocated to the supply chain members based on their bargaining powers.

scholarly journals Dynamic Integrated Model for Assessing Fisheries: Discard Bans as an Implicit Value-Added Tax

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Maria Da Rocha ◽  
Javier García-Cutrín ◽  
Maria-Jose Gutiérrez ◽  
Raul Prellezo ◽  
Eduardo Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
A Value ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntegrated economic models have become popular for assessing climate change. In this paper we show how these methods can be used to assess the impact of a discard ban in a fishery. We state that a discard ban can be understood as a confiscatory tax equivalent to a value-added tax. Under this framework, we show that a discard ban improves the sustainability of the fishery in the short run and increases economic welfare in the long run. In particular, we show that consumption, capital and wages show an initial decrease just after the implementation of the discard ban then recover after some periods to reach their steady-sate values, which are 16–20% higher than the initial values, depending on the valuation of the landed discards. The discard ban also improves biological variables, increasing landings by 14% and reducing discards by 29% on the initial figures. These patterns highlight the two channels through which discard bans affect a fishery: the tax channel, which shows that the confiscation of landed discards reduces the incentive to invest in the fishery; and the productivity channel, which increases the abundance of the stock. Thus, during the first few years after the implementation of a discard ban, the negative effect from the tax channel dominates the positive effect from the productivity channel, because the stock needs time to recover. Once stock abundance improves, the productivity channel dominates the tax channel and the economic variables rise above their initial levels. Our results also show that a landed discards valorisation policy is optimal from the social welfare point of view provided that incentives to increase discards are not created.

Assessment of the positions of the exporting countries of agri-food products on the world market according to their role in global value chains

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Frolova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
World Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Export Policy ◽  
The World

The place in the rankings of agricultural exporting countries in world trade is estimated in terms of the volume of imports and exports of raw materials and food. However, to assess the efficiency of agricultural exports, it is important to analyze the value added of exported goods produced in the country. The position of the exporting country in global value chains is derived from the type of agricultural production, which in turn depends on the level of development of the national economy, the availability and breadth of use of modern high technologies. The article examines the concept of the development of world agriculture from the point of view of the formation of global value chains, set out in the report of the UN World Food Organization [1] in comparison with the political decisions of such countries as India and the People’s Republic of China in the development of agricultural and food exports. The paper analyzes the risks associated with the consolidation of developing countries as suppliers of agricultural raw materials, as well as the conditions and action plan that allow the country-exporter of agricultural raw materials to move to higher levels in the global value chains on the world market. This experience should be considered to make comprehensive and effective decisions on the formation of the export policy of agricultural products and food of the Russian Federation, considering the food security of the country.

Top-Down Approach to Area Development Plan Maturation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yazuwan Sallij Muhammad Yasin ◽  
Ir. Suhana Muhammad ◽  
Wan Fatin Izyan Wan Mohd Zamri ◽  
Shahrul Nizam Mohd Radzi
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Time Constraint ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Conventional Approach ◽  
Development Plan ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Study Duration ◽  
Development Concept ◽  
Area Development

Abstract In maturing an Area Development Plan (ADP), most of the data used are incomplete, too fragmented, or sometime due to time constraint; need to be deduced down to assumptions. Due to this fact, an ADP is bound to have updates, even during the course of maturing it. This is where the issue starts. Since the conventional approach is "bottom-up", room to accommodate changes is limited; at times require the whole proposal to be reworked. This is because it focuses on getting the best development concept for a given field first before rolling it up to study the network/interrelationship between fields. A "top-down" approach in maturing an ADP intends to better assist any given team to be agile whilst focusing on value added solutions from a strategic bird's eye point of view. The approach in discussion was adopted and tested to a regional ADP study in year 2020 which initially involves more than 1000 fields (discovered, prospects, and leads). This approach allows for any changes throughout the course of maturing the ADP because, its main focus is to get the best network/interrelationship between fields first, before focusing on the development concept of each of the fields. Other benefits that can be observed by adopting the approach in discussion is a shorter study duration. Based on the case study, the study duration was reduced from 10 months to 6.5 months. With shorter duration too, can help the Company in better manage its manpower resources to focus on things that matters.

scholarly journals Pyott case: A lasting deposit for our tax heritage

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 47-70
Author(s):  
A C Engelbrecht ◽  
G K Goldswain ◽  
A Heyns
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Consumer Protection Act ◽  
Contingent Liability ◽  
Beneficial Ownership ◽  
Gross Income

Pyott Ltd v CIR is generally regarded as the seminal case in South Africa on the tax treatment of deposits received on containers that may be returned at a later stage for a refund. This article analyses the tax treatment of deposits, prepayments and advances from a gross income point of view, as well as the possibility of claiming a deduction for the contingent liability to refund such deposit. 6The main objective of this article is to discuss the judgment in the Pyott case and establish whether the principle enunciated that deposits,received in respect of returnable containers, are taxable in full once received, can also be extended to receipts of deposits, prepayments and advances where no returnable container is involved. 7The conclusions reached are that the principles laid down in the Pyott case are still relevant today, apart from possible relief which may now be claimed under the subsequently introduced section 24C. Where no container is involved, beneficial ownership must first be established before such deposit, prepayment or advance becomes taxable, taking into account the specific provisions of legislation such as the Rental Housing Act and the Consumer Protection Act. The research has also shown coherence in the treatment of deposits for income tax purposes and other taxes, such as value-added tax.

scholarly journals Students’ Intuitive and Analytical Thinking in the Mathematics Study through the Integration of STAD and Environmental Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Abdillah Abdillah ◽  
Ajeng Gelora Mastuti ◽  
Muhammad Rijal ◽  
Muhajir Abd. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
Intuitive Thinking ◽  
Analytical Thinking ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Interest And Motivation

The success of a learning process depends on the teacher’s mastery of materials, strategies, and media. Teachers need to possess high creativity to maintain their students’ interest and motivation in learning. The integration of effective learning models and appropriate media, such as using plastic waste as realia, can be one of the alternatives to improve the quality of learning. This study also aimed to examine students' awareness of environmental issues. The quantitative and qualitative data of the study were collected simultaneously to answer the research problems. Interviews were conducted during the implementation of the learning process and quizzes. A pre-experimental one-shot case study design was employed to gather the quantitative data which were then analyzed descriptively. The results of the current study showed that the students' intuitive thinking started to develop in phase 3, where they were asked to identify the type of plastic glass they were holding. Phase 4 that allowed the students to separate parts constructing the glass, determine the name of each part, and set a point of view or the purpose underlying the material presented was the phase where the students performed an analytical thinking process. In phase 5, the students were allowed to solve a mathematical problem using analytical thinking. The interaction between students' intuitive and analytical thinking shown in the identification and labeling of each type of three-dimensional form will be discussed in this article  

scholarly journals How the global economy reflected the year of the pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 01014
Author(s):  
Vladislav Kaputa ◽  
Frederik Kvočák ◽  
Miroslava Triznová ◽  
Andrej Tomić ◽  
Hana Maťová
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Data Comparison ◽  
The Social ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Reduced Mobility ◽  
The Impact

Research background: The coronavirus pandemic in 2020 had a significant impact on all aspects of life, from the point of view of the individual by forcing social isolation, moving work and study to the home, enormous pressure on the social and health system, but also by forcing closures of services and direct contact with customers. These, as well as other factors, have also had an impact on the performance of economies around the world. Purpose of the article: The paper aims to evaluate the development of the world's major economies in terms of macroeconomic indicators and foreign trade in the pandemic period and previous periods. The social and environmental aspects of the impact of the pandemic on selected economies are also reflected. Methods: Analysis of the main macroeconomic data, comparison and synthesis of findings. Findings & Value added: The interdependence of economies and interconnectedness of markets on transport routes associated with reduced mobility, forced isolation of people and death of economic activity had a significant impact on all the observed indicators, where a significant decline in GDP could be observed in all countries except China. This country was the only one that managed to keep GDP growth in positive numbers. Unemployment development was not equal in the observed economies due to different labour market environment. On the contrary, the environment has benefited in some way.

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