scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Outbound Open Innovation Strategies in Pharmaceutical Industry: Focus on Out-Licensing Deal

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Insoo Lee ◽  
Eungdo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Innovation Strategies ◽  
High Level ◽  
Desorptive Capacity

The pharmaceutical industry is a high-technology industry that requires a combination of in-depth knowledge from various fields. It is characterized by high cost, high risk and a long-term perspective due to the high level of regulation. In addition, it is known that research and development (R&D) productivity is deteriorating in the industry. Under these conditions, the importance of open innovation strategies has been emphasized. Under an open innovation system, it is essential for firms to develop several dynamic capabilities to effectively manage their resources both internally and externally. Using a systematic framework of dynamic capabilities suggested by previous studies, this study focuses on the determinants affecting firms’ desorptive capacities, which are measured as the number of out-licensing deals, as an indicator for the performance of their outbound innovation. For the analysis, negative binomial regression is employed and inventive capacity and connective capacity are selected as the determinants of the licensors’ desorptive capacity. The results of regression analysis reveal that inventive capacity does not have a significant effect on desorptive capacity and that only connective capacity has a significant positive effect on desorptive capacity.

Systemic Determinants in Surgery: Nonclinical Factors Affecting Time to Operation for Incarcerated Ventral Hernias

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482110111
Author(s):  
David E. Wang ◽  
Paul J. Chung ◽  
Rafael Barrera ◽  
Gene F. Coppa ◽  
Antonio E. Alfonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Room ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Hospital Size ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Comorbidity Status ◽  
Ventral Hernias

Introduction We explore nonclinical factors affecting the amount of time from admission to the operating room for patients requiring nonelective repair of ventral hernias. Methods Using the 2005-2012 Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we identified adult patients with a primary diagnosis of ventral hernia without obstruction/gangrene, who underwent nonelective repair. The outcome variable of interest was time from admission to surgery. We performed univariate and multivariable analyses using negative binomial regression, adjusting for age, sex, race, income, insurance, admission day, comorbidity status (van Walraven score), diagnosis, procedure, hospital size, location/teaching status, and region. Results 7,253 patients met criteria, of which majority were women (n = 4,615) and white (n = 5,394). The majority of patients had private insurance (n = 3,015) followed by Medicare (n = 2,737). Median time to operation was 0 days. Univariate analysis comparing operation <1 day to ≥1 day identified significant differences in race, day of admission, insurance, length of stay, comorbidity status, hospital location, type, and size. Negative binomial regression showed that weekday admission (IRR 4.42, P < .0001), private insurance (IRR 1.53-2.66, P < .0001), rural location (IRR 1.39-1.76, P < .01), small hospital size (IRR 1.26-1.36, P < .05), white race (IRR 1.30-1.34, P < .01), healthier patients (van Walraven score IRR 1.05, P < .0001), and use of mesh (IRR 0.39-0.56, P < .02) were associated with shorter time until procedure. Conclusion Shorter time from admission to the operating room was associated with several nonclinical factors, which suggest disparities may exist. Further prospective studies are warranted to elucidate these disparities affecting patient care.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Crash Frequencies: A Negative Binomial Regression Based Analysis of Indus Highway, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Rafi Ullah Khan ◽  
Jingbo Yin ◽  
Faluk Shair Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Crash Frequency ◽  
Risk Recognition ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Behavior Understanding ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Spss Software

The increase in vehicular traffic have also increased the highway crash frequency with the passage of time. Improvements in highway safety is of vital importance as it could save vast life and monetary losses. The highway crash frequency analysis of major Pakistani highways is a subject less discovered and many important strategic and trade routes are not studied in this regard. This study is aimed to analyze the crash frequency and the prominent factors that cause these crashes on a 302 km section of Indus highway; one of the most important trade routes of the country. Eight years’ data from 2011 till 2018 was arranged into 19 variables where the crash frequency is set as dependent variable, while the eighteen prominent causation factors as independent variables. The tool used for analysis was negative binomial regression being run in the SPSS software. The results indicate that the driver’s behavior, understanding & risk recognition, negligence and law adherence have a significant effect on the crash frequency. Furthermore, highway crash frequency significantly increases with increase in highway segment lengths, number of lanes and lane widths. Similarly, the highway crash frequency significantly enhances when the light, pavement surface and climate condition gets deteriorated. The results of this study are of vital importance to government, transportation companies and general public in order to recognize the most important accident causing factors and devise the transport policies, rules and behaviors accordingly.

scholarly journals Open innovation and network dynamics. An analysis of openness of co-patenting collaborations in Florence, Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-396
Author(s):  
Francesco Capone ◽  
Niccolò Innocenti
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Relational Dynamics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relational dynamics for innovation and, in particular, the impact of the openness of innovation process on the innovation capacity of organisations in restricted geographical contexts. Design/methodology/approach Through a negative binomial regression, the work analyses how the characteristics of the openness of the organisation’s innovation process in the period 2004-2010 influence the firm’s patent productivity in the following period (2011-2016). Findings The breadth of the open innovation (OI) process, here measured by the number of external network ties that an organisation realises for the realisation of its patents, has a positive effect on patent productivity. The depth of the openness, that is, the intensity of external network ties, has an equally positive influence on the innovative performance. However, after a tipping point, the patent productivity tends to decrease, underlining the costs and problems of OI practices. Research limitations/implications This study considers only patent collaborations in the city of Florence. Therefore, it focusses on codified innovations and on a single territorial case study. Practical implications The results underline the importance of the adoption of OI practices in restricted geographical contexts (such as cities, clusters or industrial districts) but with several limitations. Only collaborating more with others does not foster the organisation’s invention productivity, but different types of evidence are found here. Originality/value An original database has been created, containing all the information on patents realised in the area of Florence from 2004 until 2016, and a social networks analysis was applied to identify the local innovation networks.

Competitive Advantage, Open Innovation, and Dynamic Capabilities

Biotechnology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1556-1580
Author(s):  
Geoffroy Labrouche ◽  
Med Kechidi
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Dynamic Capability ◽  
Organisational Memory ◽  
Innovation Strategies ◽  
Relational Capabilities ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

This chapter deals with a particular type of dynamic capability: dynamic relational capabilities. They are defined as the organisational ability of a firm to enter into successful business relationships with other actors. It is shown that these abilities, based on organisational memory, are expressed in particular through the acquisition of assets and the conclusion of partnerships/alliances. In the pharmaceutical industry, open innovation strategies are the concrete proof of such abilities. Indeed, this sector is considered to be a High-Velocity Environment characterized by a high rate of change. Such change, challenging firms' competitive advantage, fosters the development of dynamic capabilities and open innovation strategies. These theoretical considerations are illustrated by reference to the innovation strategy adopted by the Sanofi group, particularly since 2008.

Managing open innovation from a knowledge flow perspective: the roles of embeddedness and network inertia in collaboration networks

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Shi ◽  
Lu Lu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Qingpu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Knowledge Flows ◽  
Knowledge Flow ◽  
Collaboration Network ◽  
Tie Strength ◽  
Collaboration Networks ◽  
Content Type

PurposeBuilding on theories of inter-organizational knowledge flows and social network, we explored how two types of collaboration network embeddedness (NE) (i.e. structural embeddedness (SE) and relational embeddedness (RE)) drive firms' inbound and outbound open innovation (OI) practices from a knowledge flow perspective, and further examined these relationships are to what extent contingent on network inertia (NI).Design/methodology/approachIn this empirical research, the authors collected a sample of patents in the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) industry over the period of 2000–2018. Then the authors examined the direct roles of SE and RE in collaboration networks on firms' inbound and outbound OI practices from a knowledge flow perspective, and the moderating role of NI by using negative binomial regression.FindingsEmpirical results from our study of 96 firms showed that both bridging structural holes position in collaboration networks (i.e. SE) and having stronger tie strength (i.e. RE) would positively affects firms' inbound OI practices, whereas only having stronger tie strength in collaboration networks (i.e. RE) would facilitate outbound OI practices. In addition, NI strengthens the relationships between SE and firm OI practice, but weakens the positive roles of RE on firm OI practice.Originality/valueThis empirical research provides new insights into whether and how firms can grasp the benefits of collaboration NE to conduct OI activities by exploring NI contingencies. It further sheds lights on the scope of the NE–OI issue from a knowledge flow perspective by extending its research context to UAV industry.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Outbound Open Innovation Performance in Bio-Pharmaceutical Industry-Focus on Out-Licensing Deals

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4122
Author(s):  
Eungdo Kim ◽  
InGyu Lee ◽  
Hongbum Kim ◽  
Kwangsoo Shin
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pharmaceutical Firms ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Econometric Methodology ◽  
The Relationship

Due to the high risk in development process, the bio-pharmaceutical industry has transformed itself into an open innovation framework in order to overcome economic risk. This study examines the relationship between outbound open innovation and financial performance in bio-pharmaceutical industry. Specifically, this study extends knowledge-based view to link the open innovation performance and licensor’s sustainability. In order to provide empirical evidence, this study uses econometric methodology with several databases including bio-pharmaceutical firms. The analysis shows firm’s desorptive capabilities have a significant effect on financial performance, confirming the application of knowledge capacity framework. The result of the study can suggest the way how the licensors can maintain the sustainability of competitiveness in bio-pharmaceutical industry.

What do we know about career and development? Insights from Career Development International at age 25

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arup Varma ◽  
Satish Kumar ◽  
Riya Sureka ◽  
Weng Marc Lim
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Citation Impact ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Thematic Structure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Bibliographic Data

PurposeCareer Development International (CDI) is an established source of scientific research on careers and development. The journal reached its 25-years milestone in 2021. To commemorate the occasion, the article aims to provide a retrospective of the major trends, research constituents, thematic structure and key factors explaining the citation impact of CDI articles between 1996 and 2020.Design/methodology/approachThe article extracts bibliographic data of CDI from Scopus and uses that data in (1) a series of bibliometric analyses to explain the major trends, research constituents and thematic structure and (2) a negative binomial regression analysis to explain the key factors affecting the citation impact of CDI.FindingsThe article finds that CDI has progressed and contributed substantially to the scientific community since its inception 25 years ago. The contributions in CDI are mainly from America and Europe and can be organized around five major clusters, namely career development, work engagement, entrepreneurship career, career outcomes and career mentoring.Research limitations/implicationsThe article provides a rich overview of CDI, but the findings are limited to the accuracy and availability of bibliographic data of CDI from Scopus.Originality/valueThe article extends Akkermans and Kubasch's (2017) 5-years retrospection of major journals on career and development through a 25-years retrospection of CDI, and in doing so, the article provides a longer and more accurate representation of CDI's contributions to the extant literature on career and development.

scholarly journals Interactions between Ambient Air Particles and Greenness on Cause-specific Mortality in Seven Korean Metropolitan Cities, 2008–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sera Kim ◽  
Honghyok Kim ◽  
Jong-Tae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
High Level ◽  
Related Mortality

This study aims to investigate the association of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 μm (PM10) and greenness with cause-specific mortality and their interactions in seven Korean metropolitan cities. We obtained the annual standardized cause-specific mortality rates, annual mean concentration of PM10, and annual Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for 73 districts for the period 2008–2016. We used negative binomial regression with city-specific random effects to estimate the association of PM10 and greenness with mortality. The models were adjusted for potential confounders and spatial autocorrelation. We also conducted stratified analyses to investigate whether the association between PM10 and mortality differs by the level of greenness. Our findings suggest an increased risk of all causes examined, except respiratory disease mortality, with high levels of PM10 and decreased risk of cardiovascular-related mortality with a high level of greenness. In the stratified analyses, we found interactions between PM10 and greenness, but these interactions in the opposite direction depend on the cause of death. The effects of PM10 on cardiovascular-related mortality were attenuated in greener areas, whereas the effects of PM10 on non-accidental mortality were attenuated in less green areas. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Application of Discrete Regression Models for Analyzing K-8 Students Nonchronic Absenteeism in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Khairul Islam ◽  
Tanweer J. Shapla
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Absenteeism ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
National Crisis ◽  
Binomial Regression

Absenteeism is a national crisis in the United States, and must be addressed adequately at the early stages or at its onset, to prevent consequential disaster and burden due to absenteeism. A pervasive and persuasive nonchronic absenteeism results in chronic absenteeism, and causes severe damage to students&rsquo; life, schools and societies. While a good number of articles address various issues relating to chronic absenteeism, no evidence of research exists investigating nonchronic absenteeism. The aim of this article is to investigate factors affecting nonchronic absenteeism in K-8 students in the United States by applying discrete regression models. Initially, we investigate K-8 students nonchronic absenteeism discrepancies due to socio-demographic and parental involvement factors via descriptive analysis and then employ Poisson and negative binomial regression models for exploring significant factors of K-8 nonchronic absenteeism. The findings of this study will be of great use to stakeholders in developing appropriate incentive measures for reducing nonchronic absenteeism early and thereby reducing chronic absenteeism.

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