scholarly journals Effects of Laccaria bicolor on Gene Expression of Populus trichocarpa Root under Poplar Canker Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1024
Author(s):  
Fengxin Dong ◽  
Yihan Wang ◽  
Ming Tang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Oxygen Metabolism ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interaction

Poplars can be harmed by poplar canker. Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi can improve the resistance of poplars to canker, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, an aseptic inoculation system of L. bicolor–P. trichocarpa–B. dothidea was constructed, and transcriptome analysis was performed to investigate regulation by L. bicolor of the expression of genes in the roots of P. trichocarpa during the onset of B. dothidea infection, and a total of 3022 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was performed on these DEGs, and 661 genes’ expressions were considered to be affected by inoculation with L. bicolor and B. dothidea. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses showed that these 661 DEGs were involved in multiple pathways such as signal transduction, reactive oxygen metabolism, and plant-pathogen interaction. Inoculation with L. bicolor changed the gene expression pattern of the roots, evidencing its involvement in the disease resistance response of P. trichocarpa. This research reveals the mechanism of L. bicolor in inducing resistance to canker of P. trichocarpa at the molecular level and provides a theoretical basis for the practical application of mycorrhizal fungi to improve plant disease resistance.

scholarly journals Transversal gene expression panel to evaluate intestinal health in broiler chickens in different challenging conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Criado-Mesas ◽  
N. Abdelli ◽  
A. Noce ◽  
M. Farré ◽  
J. F. Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Nutrient Transport ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Barrier Failure ◽  
Expression Of Genes

AbstractThere is a high interest on gut health in poultry with special focus on consequences of the intestinal diseases, such as coccidiosis and C. perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis (NE). We developed a custom gene expression panel, which could provide a snapshot of gene expression variation under challenging conditions. Ileum gene expression studies were performed through high throughput reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A deep review on the bibliography was done and genes related to intestinal health were selected for barrier function, immune response, oxidation, digestive hormones, nutrient transport, and metabolism. The panel was firstly tested by using a nutritional/Clostridium perfringens model of intestinal barrier failure (induced using commercial reused litter and wheat-based diets without exogenous supplementation of enzymes) and the consistency of results was evaluated by another experiment under a coccidiosis challenge (orally gavaged with a commercial coccidiosis vaccine, 90× vaccine dose). Growth traits and intestinal morphological analysis were performed to check the gut barrier failure occurrence. Results of ileum gene expression showed a higher expression in genes involved in barrier function and nutrient transport in chickens raised in healthy conditions, while genes involved in immune response presented higher expression in C.perfringens-challenged birds. On the other hand, the Eimeria challenge also altered the expression of genes related to barrier function and metabolism, and increased the expression of genes related to immune response and oxidative stress. The panel developed in the current study gives us an overview of genes and pathways involved in broiler response to pathogen challenge. It also allows us to deep into the study of differences in gene expression pattern and magnitude of responses under either a coccidial vaccine or a NE.

Distinct gene expression patterns in chronic lymphocytic leukemia defined by usage of specific VH genes

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 2090-2093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Kienle ◽  
Axel Benner ◽  
Alexander Kröber ◽  
Dirk Winkler ◽  
Daniel Mertens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Vh Genes ◽  
Signaling Activation

The mutation status and usage of specific VH genes such as V3-21 and V1-69 are potentially independent pathogenic and prognostic factors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). To investigate the role of antigenic stimulation, we analyzed the expression of genes involved in B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling/activation, cell cycle, and apoptosis control in CLL using these specific VH genes compared to VH mutated (VH-MUT) and VH unmutated (VH-UM) CLL not using these VH genes. V3-21 cases showed characteristic expression differences compared to VH-MUT (up: ZAP70 [or ZAP-70]; down: CCND2, P27) and VH-UM (down: PI3K, CCND2, P27, CDK4, BAX) involving several BCR-related genes. Similarly, there was a marked difference between VH unmutated cases using the V1-69 gene and VH-UM (up: FOS; down: BLNK, SYK, CDK4, TP53). Therefore, usage of specific VH genes appears to have a strong influence on the gene expression pattern pointing to antigen recognition and ongoing BCR stimulation as a pathogenic factor in these CLL subgroups.

scholarly journals Intronic enhancers regulate the expression of genes involved in tissue-specific functions and homeostasis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Borsari ◽  
Pablo Villegas-Mirón ◽  
Hafid Laayouni ◽  
Alba Segarra-Casas ◽  
Jaume Bertranpetit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Tissue Specific Gene ◽  
Specific Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genomic Location

AbstractTissue function and homeostasis reflect the gene expression signature by which the combination of ubiquitous and tissue-specific genes contribute to the tissue maintenance and stimuli-responsive function. Enhancers are central to control this tissue-specific gene expression pattern. Here, we explore the correlation between the genomic location of enhancers and their role in tissue-specific gene expression. We found that enhancers showing tissue-specific activity are highly enriched in intronic regions and regulate the expression of genes involved in tissue-specific functions, while housekeeping genes are more often controlled by intergenic enhancers. Notably, an intergenic-to-intronic active enhancers continuum is observed in the transition from developmental to adult stages: the most differentiated tissues present higher rates of intronic enhancers, while the lowest rates are observed in embryonic stem cells. Altogether, our results suggest that the genomic location of active enhancers is key for the tissue-specific control of gene expression.

Myelomatous Plasma Cells Display An Intermediate Gene Expression Pattern Between a Normal Plasma Cell and a Memory B Cell

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 1892-1892
Author(s):  
Alicia Baez ◽  
Jose Ignacio Piruat ◽  
Teresa Caballero-Velazquez ◽  
María Victoria Barbado ◽  
Isabel Alvarez-Laderas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Healthy Donors

Abstract Introduction Memory B cells (MBCs) remain viable in a non-proliferative state for years. These cells express genes involved in cell survival and anti-apoptotic factors, while repress the expression of cell cycle regulatory genes. During their differentiation into plasma cells (PCs), these cells develop an opposite gene expression pattern, with a higher expression of genes implicated in cell proliferation and activation, and a lower expression of survival genes. In multiple myeloma (MM) the PCs accumulate into the bone marrow due, at least in part, to failure of pro-apoptotic mechanisms normally expressed in PCs. In the present study we analyzed the gene expression patterns of MBCs and PCs from healthy donors and patients with MM, in order to determine whether or not myelomatous PCs share characteristics of MBCs and/or normal PCs, and to identify possible genes related to the pathophysiology of the disease. Methods MBCs were obtained by immunomagnetic separation from buffy coats of 5 aged healthy donors. Likewise, PCs were isolated from bone marrow of 6 healthy donors and of 5 patients with MM. Using microarray techniques we analyzed the expression of 45000 genes in all samples. We performed unsupervised hierarchical cluster of gene expression data using the average linkage and the Euclidean distance. To identify differentially expressed genes among experimental groups we applied non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test. The differences in expression with a p value < 0.05 were considered significant. All analyses were performed using the Multi-experiment Viewer 4.7.1 software. Results From the hierarchical cluster obtained we clearly identified two groups, one which included normal PCs samples and the other one containing myelomatous PCs and MBCs. Interestingly, myelomatous PCs displayed intermediate features between MBCs and normal PCs (Figure 1). We found 5159 genes differentially expressed between normal and myelomatous PCs. Among these, we identified 3455 genes which displayed a similar expression pattern between MBCs and myelomatous PCs, including caspases inhibitors, MAP kinases, ubiquitins, transcription and translation factors. Conclusion Myelomatous PCs display an intermediate gene expression pattern between normal PCs and MBCs. These cells display high expression of genes involved in cell survival that should be normally inactivated in the transit of MBC to a normal PC, so that its expression pattern is closer to a MBC than a normal PC. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

O05. S-nitrosothiols regulate hypersensitive cell death during the plant disease resistance response

Nitric Oxide ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Gary John Loake ◽  
Byung Wook Yun ◽  
Angela Feechan ◽  
Jacqueline Pallas ◽  
Eunjung Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Hypersensitive Cell Death

Hypoxia induces different genes in the lungs of rats compared with mice

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Hoshikawa ◽  
Patrick Nana-Sinkam ◽  
Mark D. Moore ◽  
Sylk Sotto-Santiago ◽  
Tzulip Phang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Endothelial Cell Proliferation ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Different animal species have a varying response to hypoxia. Mice develop less pulmonary artery thickening after chronic hypoxia exposure than rats. We hypothesized that the lung tissue gene expression pattern displayed in hypoxic rats would differ from that of hypoxic mice. We exposed Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BL/6 mice to both 1 and 3 wk of hypobaric hypoxia. Although both species developed pulmonary hypertension, mice showed less pulmonary vascular remodeling than rats. Microarray gene analysis demonstrated a distinct pattern of gene expression between mice and rats when exposed to hypoxic conditions. In addition, some genes appeared to be more responsive at an earlier time point of 1 wk of hypoxia. Hypoxic conditions in the rat induce genes involved in endothelial cell proliferation, repression of apoptosis, and vasodilation. Mice exposed to hypoxic conditions decrease the expression of genes involved in vasodilation and in endothelial cell proliferation. Although we cannot determine whether the differential expression of genes during chronic hypoxia is cause or consequence of the differential pulmonary vascular remodeling, we propose that a balance between over- and under-expression of a selective group of genes may be responsible for lung vascular remodeling and vascular tone control.

Establishment of tolerance to commensal bacteria requires a complex microbiota and is accompanied by decreased intestinal chemokine expression

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (1) ◽  
pp. G55-G65 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. N. Fink ◽  
S. B. Metzdorff ◽  
L. H. Zeuthen ◽  
C. Nellemann ◽  
M. B. Kristensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Microbial Detection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding

Intricate regulation of tolerance to the intestinal commensal microbiota acquired at birth is critical. We hypothesized that epithelial cell tolerance toward early gram-positive and gram-negative colonizing bacteria is established immediately after birth, as has previously been shown for endotoxin. Gene expression in the intestine of mouse pups born to dams that were either colonized with a conventional microbiota or monocolonized ( Lactobacillus acidophilus or Eschericia coli ) or germ free was examined on day 1 and day 6 after birth. Intestinal epithelial cells from all groups of pups were stimulated ex vivo with L. acidophilus and E. coli to assess tolerance establishment. Intestine from pups exposed to a conventional microbiota displayed lower expression of Ccl2, Ccl3, Cxcl1, Cxcl2, and Tslp than germ-free mice, whereas genes encoding proteins in Toll-like receptor signaling pathways and cytokines were upregulated. When comparing pups on day 1 and day 6 after birth, a specific change in gene expression pattern was evident in all groups of mice. Tolerance to ex vivo stimulation with E. coli was only established in conventional animals. Colonization of the intestine was reflected in the spleen displaying downregulation of Cxcl2 compared with germ-free animals on day 1 after birth. Colonization reduced the expression of genes involved in antigen presentation in the intestine-draining mesenteric lymph nodes, but not in the popliteal lymph nodes, as evidenced by gene expression on day 23 after birth. We propose that microbial detection systems in the intestine are upregulated by colonization with a diverse microbiota, whereas expression of proinflammatory chemokines is reduced to avoid excess recruitment of immune cells to the maturing intestine.

scholarly journals Gene Transfer for Enhancing Plant Disease Resistance to Bacterial Pathogens

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 788A-788
Author(s):  
Zhanyuan Zhang ◽  
D.P. Coyne ◽  
A. Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
High Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Gene transfer can provide plants with a novel source of disease resistance. Two different antibacterial peptides, Shiva-1 and lactoferrin, were tested in vitro for antibacterial activity. The former is from cecropin B in insects, and the latter from human or mammal fluids such as milk. Both peptides exhibited high antibacterial activity against all tested gram-negative phytopathogenic bacterial strains. Lactoferrin was more lethal than Shiva-1. A particular lactoferrin domain showed a much higher activity against bacterial strains. A gene encoding lactoferrin was then transferred to Nicotinia tabacum L. xanthi-nc to evaluate the gene expression using Agrobacterium. Stable transformation was confirmed by Southern, Northern, and Western blot analysis. Delayed wilting of the transgenic plants inoculated with Pseudomonas solanacearum was observed. A significant positive relationship between the gene expression levels and resistance was also found by either Northern or Western blotting. Biolistic transformation using a gene gun is currently underway to transfer this novel gene to common beans.

75 CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION PATTERN DURING PRE- AND PERI-IMPLANTATION STAGES IN BOVINE CLONED EMBRYOS

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
L. l. Rodriguez-Alvarez ◽  
J. F. Cox ◽  
R. Einspanier ◽  
F. O. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Trophoblastic Cells ◽  
Nanog Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes

In ruminants after blastocyst formation and before implantation the embryo elongates drastically. This peri-implantation stage is characterized by active proliferation of trophoblastic cells and by changes in gene expression. In cloned embryos inappropriate expression of genes during early stages could be the cause of embryonic losses. The aim of this study was to compare the expression pattern of selected developmentally important genes in Day 7 embryos produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer with gene expression at Day 17 during elongation. IVF embryos at each stage were used for comparison. For analysis we used an RT-PCR approach (conventional + quantitative real-time PCR; qPCR). For nuclear transfer we used handmade cloning with an adult fibroblast cell line that previously yielded live cloned calves. Cells were confluent, non-serum starved in passage 4. Cloned embryos were cultured in SOF medium for 7 days in the well of the well (WOW) system. Semen from a proven bull was used for IVF and the presumptive zygotes were cultured under the same conditions as cloned embryos. At Day 7, embryos (cloned or IVF) were either transferred to recipients or pooled in tens for RNA extraction using NucleoSpin RNA XS Kit (Macherey-Nagel, Düren, Germany), converted to complementary (c)DNA and amplified with specific primers in PCR reactions. Transferred embryos were recovered at elongation stage (Day 17); their RNA was extracted and treated as above. The genes studied were NANOG, FGF4, OCT4, EOMES, IFNtau, and ACTB (internal standard for quantification). Data were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis test using the InfoStat program (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. Development to blastocysts was 65% for clones and 32% for IVF embryos; 19 and 6 elongated embryos were flushed back, respectively. For gene expression analysis we used 5 pools of 10 blastocyts each and 12 (6 IVF; 6 cloned) elongated embryos with embryonic disc. At pre-implantation, we found OCT4, FGF4, IFNtau, and NANOG expressed and their relative levels were quantified (except for NANOG). Expression of OCT4 was higher in the cloned embryos; expression of EOMES was not detected at this stage. At Day 17, all 5 genes were expressed and quantified via qPCR, and interesting differences were found: relative levels of expression of FGF4 decreased in both types of embryos from Days 7 to 17, whereas those for IFNtau, NANOG, and EOMES increased significantly. Expression of OCT4 remained constant in IVF embryos but not in the cloned embryos (higher at Day 7). Our results provide an initial approach to the dynamic changes occurring in the expression of developmentally important genes in the transition from expansion to elongation. The decrease in FGF4 expression as well as the increase in EOMES and NANOG expression is a new finding that could shed light on the mechanisms of trophoblastic differentiation in bovine elongation.

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