scholarly journals Fungal Metagenome of Chernevaya Taiga Soils: Taxonomic Composition, Differential Abundance and Factors Related to Plant Gigantism

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 908
Author(s):  
Mikhail Rayko ◽  
Sophie Sokornova ◽  
Alla Lapidus
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Differential Abundance ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Complex Ecosystem ◽  
Taiga Soils ◽  
Different Soils

The Chernevaya taiga of Western Siberia is a unique and complex ecosystem, distinguished by the unusually large sizes of herbaceous plants, the reasons for which are poorly understood. Here, we explored the fungal diversity of the Chernevaya taiga soils in the Tomsk regions of Western Siberia in comparison with other soil types. The soil biomes of Chernevaya taiga and the control regions were investigated using Illumina ITS rRNA sequencing, and taxonomic analysis revealed a predominance of fungal phyla in the different soils. These results demonstrate that the fungi of the Chernevaya taiga regions have a higher species diversity (Faith’s PD) vs. the control soils, and the diversity is due more to the sampling sites rather than to the seasons (Bray-Curtis distance). We studied most of the differentially abundant taxa among the soil types, and we annotated the taxa with their ecological guilds and trophic types. Some of the abundant fungal taxa in the summer- and fall-Chernevaya taiga samples belong to the phylum Glomeromycota—arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiotrophs, which are known to establish symbiotic relationships and enhance plant growth. Additionally, several OTUs were assigned to novel genera in the Glomeraceae and Claroideoglomeraceae families. Our findings add a potential explanation of the high productivity and plant gigantism in Chernevaya taiga and expand our knowledge of fungal biodiversity.

scholarly journals Investigation of the radiation situation near the tailings dumps of the Stepnogorsk Hydrometallurgical Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Production Waste ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Metallurgical Combine ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tailings Dumps ◽  
Different Soils

The article discusses issues related to the production waste of Stepnogorsk Mining and Metallurgical Combine (SМMС). The greatest danger to the environment is represented by radionuclides. Soil types and their resistance and ability to accumulate radionuclides are considered. It is also noted that harmful radioisotopes spread through the soil and atmosphere and the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of these substances decreases from the source of their storage and this is due to the fact that different soils have different conductivity of these harmful substances. The article also identifies opportunities to reduce the impact of SМMС wastes on soil and vegetation, as well as the atmosphere near a dangerous source of radiation infection.

Effects of latex and poly-DADMAC on erosion, hydrophobicity and water-retention on two different soils

Soil Research ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 805 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Bernas ◽  
JM Oades ◽  
GJ Churchman
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Synthetic Polymer ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Sediment Loss ◽  
Water Repellence ◽  
Different Soils

Latex (natural polymer) and poly-DADMAC (synthetic polymer) were applied to a red brown earth (Alfisol) and a Wiesenboden (Mollisol). Run-off, infiltration, sediment loss and water stable aggregates were measured after subjecting the soils to simulated rainfall. Water retention of latex and poly-DADMAC amended soils was determined. The MED test for hydrophobicity was also carried out for the latex-treated soil. Latex decreased run-off and erosion, and increased infiltration on both soils. Poly-DADMAC minimized run-off and erosion, and increased infiltration on the Wiesenboden. It increased run-off and decreased infiltration on the red-brown earth; however, it still decreased erosion. Latex increased the percentage of water-stable aggregates > 2 mm on the red-brown earth, but it had less effect on the Wiesenboden. Poly-DADMAC decreased the percentage of water-stable aggregates < 0.125 mm on both soils after simulated rainfall. Both latex and poly-DADMAC had little effect on water retention of the red-brown earth and the Wiesenboden. Application of 1.5 g kg-1 of latex increased MED values of both soils, to give values that indicate moderate water-repellence but should not affect plant growth. Generally, latex was more effective on the red-brown earth and poly-DADMAC was more effective on the Wiesenboden. It seems that latex can be effective on all soil types, but poly-DADMAC will have more effect on clay soils.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and phytochemical activities of Amaranthus caudatus L. harvested from different soils at various growth stages

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhali Olaide Jimoh ◽  
Anthony Jide Afolayan ◽  
Francis Bayo Lewu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Clayey Loam ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Different Soils

Abstract This study aimed at profiling the biological activities of Amaranthus caudatus cultivated on different soils in a glasshouse experiment. Five soil types namely; sandy clay loam, silty clay loam, clayey loam, loam and control (unfractionated soil) were experimentally formulated from primary particles of clay, sand and silt following the United State Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) soil triangle technique. After harvesting at pre-flowering (61 days after planting), flowering (71 days after planting) and post-flowering (91 days after planting) stages, crude extracts were obtained with water and ethanol. Total flavonoids, phenolic and proanthocyanidin contents of the extracts, as well as their biological activities, were determined using 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl ethanol (DPPH), nitric oxide and phosphomolybdate assays. It was observed that biological activity of A. caudatus varied with soil types, stages of maturity and solvents of extraction. The highest phytochemical yield was recorded in ethanolic extracts of clayey loam harvested prior to flowering and the same trend was replicated in the antioxidant properties of the plant. For optimal biological activity, it is recommended that clayey loam soil should be used for cultivation of A. caudatus and harvest should be made near flowering to capture high phytochemical yield from the species.

Priobskoye Field and the preliminary evaluation of recent 3D seismic to delineate high productivity zones using amplitude or interval velocity, Western Siberia, Russia, CIS

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Falkenstein ◽  
Debra H. Phillips ◽  
Carl H. Sondergeld ◽  
Richard E. Sigal ◽  
Richard F. Larese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Interval Velocity

scholarly journals Structure-specific regulation of nutrient absorption, metabolism and transfer in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromu Kameoka ◽  
Taro Maeda ◽  
Nao Okuma ◽  
Masayoshi Kawaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Nutrient Absorption ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Fungal Nutrition

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish symbiotic relationships with most land plants, mainly for the purpose of nutrient exchange. Many studies have revealed the regulation of absorption, metabolism, and transfer of nutrients in AMF and the genes involved in these processes. However, the spatial regulation of the genes among the structures comprising each developmental stage are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate the structure-specific transcriptome of the model AMF species, Rhizophagus irregularis. We performed an ultra-low input RNA-seq analysis, SMART-seq2, comparing five extraradical structures, germ tubes, runner hyphae, branched absorbing structures, immature spores, and mature spores. In addition, we reanalyzed the recently reported RNA-seq data comparing intraradical hyphae and arbuscules. Our analyses captured the distinct features of each structure and revealed the structure-specific expression patterns of genes related to absorption, metabolism, and transfer of nutrients. Of note, the transcriptional profiles suggest the distinct functions of branched absorbing structures in nutrient absorption. These findings provide a comprehensive dataset to advance our understanding of the transcriptional dynamics of fungal nutrition in this symbiotic system.

scholarly journals Use of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Vegetable Crops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpitha Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Healthy Growth ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

AMF (Arbuscular Mychorhizal Fungi) are very well known due to their importance in promoting growth and developments of plants especially vegetables. These fungi can be grown easily, stored and multiplied with simple means, also the application of these fungi is generally on the layer of the soil or near the roots in the inner layers of the soils. The growth of the amf fungi is very easy and they are highly adjustable to any soil and environmental conditions. In this review our main focus is on the use of amf for production of vegetables and also the effect of amf against insects and pests. The amf is known to reduce several symptoms caused by different insect pests and also plant diseases thereby promoting healthy growth of the plants. Also use of this amf will increase the uptake of nutrient from the soils through symbiotic relationships between plants and fungi. The uptake of important minerals which are drawn from deeper layers of soils is observed with the help pf amf. This study reveals the benefits of the use of amf under severe disease and pest incidences thereby known as an alternate for harmful chemical pesticides and fungicides.

scholarly journals Coral microbial ecology under the microscope

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Meegan Henderson ◽  
Tracy Ainsworth ◽  
Ove Hoegh-Guldberg
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Ecology ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Coral Disease ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Anthropogenic Inputs ◽  
Environmental Perturbations ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Complex Ecosystem ◽  
Coral Health

Increasing episodes of mass coral bleaching and a growing number of reports of coral disease epizootics have led to an expanding research field investigating the microbial ecology of reef building corals. Corals reside in a complex ecosystem and form intimate symbiotic relationships with eukaryotic dinoflagellates (commonly called zooxanthellae), which have been well studied. Less understood is the complex interactions that corals form with Bacteria, Archaea and viruses, all of which play an important functional role in coral health. Understanding how the coral animal and its symbiotic partners (eukaryotic, bacterial, archeal and viral) are influenced by environmental perturbations such as global climate change, rising sea surface temperatures and increasing anthropogenic inputs into the ecosystem such as nutrients, is the driving factor behind this expanding microbial discipline.

scholarly journals Research of properties of cement-soil piles of foundations of buildings and structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
N.G. Seregin ◽  
◽  
V.I. Zaprudnov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Ground Mixture ◽  
Mixing Method ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Cement Soil

The review of soil types prevailing in Western Siberia of the Russian Federation is presented. The compositions and physical and mechanical properties of soils are analyzed. Special attention is paid to loess subsidence soils. The problem of obtaining a homogeneous cement-ground mixture is formulated and set. The technological scheme of production of cement-ground piles of foundations of buildings and structures by drilling-mixing method with mechanical activation is considered. Considers methods of strengthening the loess subsidence of soils. Methods for studying the properties of cement-based piles of foundations of buildings and structures are formulated. A multi-factor experiment was conducted to evaluate the parameters that affect the properties of cement-based piles. Based on the research results, conclusions and recommendations are formulated.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF SAFFRON GROWTH ON DIFFERENT SOILS UNDER HOMOGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION

AGROFOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel Kader EL HAJJ ◽  
Soha OLEIK ◽  
Oxana BAGHDADI ◽  
Nour TAHA ◽  
Vera TALJ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Different Soils

Soil is the major factor determining saffron yield. Although saffron tolerates different soil types, some soils with specific characteristics perform better than others. This work was conducted to evaluate the performance of saffron crop on different soil types under homogeneous environmental conditions. Four soil types sampled from different regions were tested: Rendzic Leptosols, Anthropic Regosols, Hypercalcaric Fluvisol and Eutric Cambisols. Soil samples were put in large plastic pots (radius=0.27 m, height=0.44 m) and organized in complete block design with four replicates. Combined analysis for four years revealed significant differences between soil types regarding most yield parameters. Saffron corms performed better on calcareous clayey Rendzic Leptosols soil with respect to plant height(PL), flowers per plot, flowers per corm cluster, total stigmas fresh and dry weights, fresh and dry weight of single stigmas and total number of corms. Corms grown on Hypercalcaric Fluvisol soil produced the largest content of Crocin, Picrocrocin and Safranal. A regression analysis was used to evaluate the performance of soil types on the number of flowers per mother corm through four years of the study. In this regard, a positive significant higher slope was obtained for Rendzic Leptosols (y = 4.23x - 8514.3, R²= 0.69, p.0001). Quantitative yield attributes such number of flowers per corm cluster was significantly correlated with organic matter t (r = .60, p=.016) and calcium (r =.52,p.041) contents. Correlation analysis showed that the soil parameters most attributed to the saffron yield were organic matter, phosphorus, potassium and calcium. For soils with limiting factors (Eutric cambisols and anthropic regosols) further studies should focus on improving their performance under saffron crop.

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