scholarly journals Micafungin Is an Efficient Treatment of Multi Drug-Resistant Candida glabrata Urosepsis: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 800
Author(s):  
Zuzana Javorova Rihova ◽  
Lubica Slobodova ◽  
Anna Hrabovska
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Low Levels

Candiduria is a common nosocomial infection in hospitalized patients, which may progress into life-threatening candidemia. Successful treatment of urosepsis requires early and effective antifungal therapy, while the available agents within three pharmacological classes each have characteristic pharmacokinetics and side effect profiles. Moreover, treatment of Candida spp. infections is becoming challenging due to increasing multi drug-resistance. Here, we present a case of candidemia resulting from a multi drug-resistant C. glabrata infection of the urinary tract. Due to resistance to fluconazole and a contraindication for amphotericin B, micafungin was used in the treatment, regardless of its unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties. Our study showed that despite the expected low levels in the urinary tract, micafungin was successful in the eradication of C. glabrata allowing full recovery of the patient. Thus, micafungin should be considered in the management of urosepsis caused by sensitive Candida spp.

TREATMENT OF CARBAPENEM RESISTANT ENTEROBACTERIACEAE URINARY TRACT INFECTION WITH COMBINATION OF AMIKACIN AND MEROPENEM

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
Jayesh Kalbhande ◽  
Vicky Kuldeep
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Resistant Organism ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drugs ◽  
Near Future

Drug resistance of bacteria is biggest challenge humanity is going to face in near future. Bacteria are rapidly developing resistant to multiple drugs and there are not many new drugs in pipeline. Infection because of drug resistant organism is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care unit. If acquisition of drug resistance by microorganism progresses at this rate, that time is not very far when we will be pushed in to preantibiotic era. We need to develop new strategies to combat drug resistant by microorganism. We report a case of highly drug resistant urinary tract infection caused by Klebsiella. This strain was resistant to both Inj. Meropenem and Inj. Amikacin. This case was successfully treated by combination of Inj. Meropenem and Inj. Amikacin and complete resolution of infection was observed.

scholarly journals P. falciparum PfATP4 Multi-Drug Resistance Resistance to KAE609 (Cipargamin) is Present in Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James McCulloch
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutation ◽  
Blood Stage ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Important Policy

AbstractThe PfATP4 (PF3D7 1211900) multi-drug resistance mutation G223R is found in Africa by genetically analyzing 2640 worldwide Plasmodium falciparum blood stage isolates (the MalariaGen Pf3k resource). This mutation confers an approximate 8 fold [4] increase in the PfATP4 IC50 of Spiroindolones (KAE609 & KAE678) [14],[16],[4],[10] and Aminopyrazoles (GNF-Pf4492) [4]. It is postulated that the G223R mutation may be a consequence of the drug resistant Southeast Asian Dd2 genotype becoming more dominant in Africa [3]. The presence of this mutation has important policy implications for the eventual general deployment of the Spiroindolone KAE609 (Cipargamin) which is currently undergoing stage 2 clinical trials.

scholarly journals Use of Candida auris Therapies based on Nanotechnology as Potential Novel Strategy against COVID-19 Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerson Nakazato ◽  
Wagner J Favaro ◽  
Guillermo R Castro ◽  
Nelson Duran
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Novel Strategy

Candida auris, which is one of the causative agents of candidiasis, has been detected in several individuals with immune deficiency worldwide, mainly in different American countries, since 2012. C. auris infections are at risk of becoming epidemic because this species shows multi-drug resistance to several antifungal drugs available in the market; thus, since the current public health condition at global scale is threatened by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, C. auris infections could lead to high mortality rates. Different strategies, such as drug repurposing and the combination of antifungal drugs to other biocide molecules, were developed. However, they are time-limited strategies since drug resistance has increased due to C. auris pathologies. As an alternative, the recent development of nanotechnological devices has opened room for the efficient treatment of C. auris infections. Most specifically, the biocide effect of nanoparticles combined to/capped with antifungal drugs in different platforms seems to be an affordable technology to stop invasive C. auris infections.

scholarly journals Determinants of Multi-drug resistant Tuberculosis in four treatment centers of Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia: A case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 687-695
Author(s):  
Nuredin Oumer ◽  
Desta Debalkie Atnafu ◽  
Getasew Taddesse Worku ◽  
Asmamaw Ketemaw Tsehay
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Tuberculosis Treatment ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Introduction: Tuberculosis is the major global burden of disease contributing about 2% of the global challenges. Poor tuberculosis treatment increased risk of multi-drug resistance tuberculosis occurence. Thus, we aimed to identify determinants of mult-drug resistant tuberclosis in treatment centers of Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia. Methodology: Facility based unmatched case-control study was employed in East Amhara, Ethiopia. Cases were tuberculosis patients confirmed for mult-drug resistant tuberclosis while controls were tuberculosis patients with confirmed tuberculosis but susceptible to first line drugs. Respondents were selected using simple random sampling technique. Bivariable and multivariable analysis was conducted to identify diterminants at level of statistical significance p < 0.05. Results: We enrolled 450 tuberculosis patients. Rural residents (AOR = 3, 95% CI: 1.4-6.0; p = 0.024), family size greater than five (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.6–8.6; p = 0.0098), having single room (AOR = 4.1, 95% CI:1.8-9.0; p = 0.027), room without window (AOR = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.6-8.5); p = 0.043), contact history of known mult-drug resistant tuberclosis patient (AOR = 5.1, 95% CI: 2.2-12.0; p = 0.02), history of tuberculosis treatment (AOR = 5.7, 95%CI: 2.6-12.9; p = 0.008), window opening practice (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.4-9.8; p = 0.005), tuberculosis treatment failure (AOR = 7.3, 95% CI: 5.2-7.8; p = 0.035) and tuberculosis relapse (AOR = 5,95% CI: 1.6-15.2; p = 0.019) were determinants of mult-drug resistant tuberclosis. Conclusions: Socio-demographic (residence, family size), environmental (number of rooms, number of windows in a room, opening window practice) and clinical (history of tuberculosis treatment, treatment failure and having contact with known tuberculosis patient) variables were the identified determinants for increased multi-drug resistance tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Cloning, expression, purification and functional analysis of a specific multi-epitope protein from multi drug resistance Acinetobacter baumannii

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Davoudi ◽  
Amirhossein Taromchi ◽  
Bahram Kazemi ◽  
Mojgan Bandehpour ◽  
Nariman Mosaffa
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Expression And Purification ◽  
Bam Complex ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Informatics Tools

Background and Objectives: Immunization is a promising strategy to combat against the life-threatening infections by Multi Drug Resistance Acinetobacter baumannii. In this study, we directed to design and evaluate the efficacy of a recombi- nant multi-epitope protein against this pathogen. Materials and Methods: Epitopes prediction was performed for candidate proteins OmpA and BAM complex (BamA, BamB, BamC, BamD, BamE) from A. baumannii, using immune-informatics tools with high affinity for the human HLA alleles. After expression and purification of the recombinant protein, its functional activity was confirmed by interaction with positive sera. Results: Cloning and expression of the desired multi-epitopes protein were verified. Circular Dichroism study showed the secondary structure and proper refolding of the recombinant protein was achieved and matched with computational predic- tion. There was a significant interaction between designed protein with antibodies presented in ICU patients' and staff's sera. Conclusion: The interaction of the recombinant protein with patients' sera antibodies suggests that it may be a promising determinant protein for immunization against of MDR A. baumannii.

scholarly journals Re-thinking treatment strategies for febrile neutropenia in paediatric oncology population: the perspective from a developing country

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinson James ◽  
Anand Prakash ◽  
Kayur Mehta ◽  
Tarangini Durugappa
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Febrile Neutropenia ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

Abstract Background This study was conducted to evaluate the microbiological profile of bacterial isolates in febrile neutropenia in a pediatric oncology unit, thereby, reviewing the use of restricted antibiotics and need for aggressive medical treatment accordingly. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted in a paediatric haemat-oncology division of a tertiary care teaching hospital in southern India from September 2014 to August 2016. One hundred and thirty children with febrile neutropenia were enrolled in the study. Blood cultures were performed using automated system. Cultures from other sites were obtained if needed, based on the clinical profile. Standard antibiotic susceptibility testing was done. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS. Results One hundred and thirty children were enrolled for the study. Two hundred and fifty episodes of febrile neutropenia were studied. Three hundred and eighty four cultures were sent and 92 (24%) cultures were positive. There were 48 (52.2%) Gram negative isolates followed by 33 (35.8%) Gram positive isolates, six (6.5%) fungal isolates and five (5.5%) poly-microbial cultures. Lactose fermenting Gram negative bacilli (20 isolates, 31.5%) were the most frequently isolated in the Gram negative group, with Escherichia coli being the most common organism (19 isolates, 20.6%). Amongst the Gram positive coagulase negative staphylococcus was the most common (twenty seven isolates, 29%). Escherichia coli and Non lactose fermenting gram negative bacteria (NFGNB) had only 36, 25% sensitivity to ceftazidime, respectively. Most Gram negative bacilli were found to have better sensitivity to amikacin (mean: 57%). There was a higher prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing organisms. Pan drug resistance, Extreme drug resistance and Multi drug resistance was found in three, twenty and thirteen Gram negative isolates respectively.Escherichia coli and Klebsiella were often drug resistant. Significantly higher mortality was associated with Gram negative isolates (eight deaths out of the thirteen deaths, 61.5%). Conclusions Our results show the importance of surveillance, monitoring resistance frequencies and identifying risk factors specific to each region. Given that significant mortality is attributed to drug resistant Gram negative bacilli, early initiation of appropriate antibiotics to cover for drug resistance is required while formulating empirical antibiotic policies for febrile neutropenia in the oncology units in the developing world.

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