scholarly journals Narrative Review: Bioactive Potential of Various Mushrooms as the Treasure of Versatile Therapeutic Natural Product

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 728
Author(s):  
Hitesh Chopra ◽  
Awdhesh Kumar Mishra ◽  
Atif Amin Baig ◽  
Tapan Kumar Mohanta ◽  
Yugal Kishore Mohanta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Health States ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Beneficial Action ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Bioactive Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Activities

Mushrooms have remained an eternal part of traditional cuisines due to their beneficial health potential and have long been recognized as a folk medicine for their broad spectrum of nutraceuticals, as well as therapeutic and prophylactic uses. Nowadays, they have been extensively investigated to explain the chemical nature and mechanisms of action of their biomedicine and nutraceuticals capacity. Mushrooms belong to the astounding dominion of Fungi and are known as a macrofungus. Significant health benefits of mushrooms, including antiviral, antibacterial, anti-parasitic, antifungal, wound healing, anticancer, immunomodulating, antioxidant, radical scavenging, detoxification, hepatoprotective cardiovascular, anti-hypercholesterolemia, and anti-diabetic effects, etc., have been reported around the globe and have attracted significant interests of its further exploration in commercial sectors. They can function as functional foods, help in the treatment and therapeutic interventions of sub-optimal health states, and prevent some consequences of life-threatening diseases. Mushrooms mainly contained low and high molecular weight polysaccharides, fatty acids, lectins, and glucans responsible for their therapeutic action. Due to the large varieties of mushrooms present, it becomes challenging to identify chemical components present in them and their beneficial action. This article highlights such therapeutic activities with their active ingredients for mushrooms.

Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, DNA Damage Interaction, and Antioxidant Potential of Hesperidin Loaded on Gold Nanoparticles

2022 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Ghassan Mohammad Sulaiman ◽  
Hanaa M. Waheeba ◽  
Hanady AL-Shmgani ◽  
Hamsa A. Eassa ◽  
Ahmed A. Al-Amiery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Dna Instability ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Antioxidant Agent ◽  
Bioactive Potential

The flavonoglycone hesperidin is recognized as a potent anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant agent. However, its poor bioavailability is a crucial bottleneck regarding its therapeutic activity. Gold nanoparticles are widely used in drug delivery because of its unique properties that differ from bulk metal. Hesperidin loaded gold nanoparticles were successfully prepared to enhance its stability and bioactive potential, as well as to minimize the problems associated with its absorption. The free radical scavenging activities of hesperidin, gold nanoparticles, and hesperidin loaded gold nanoparticles were compared with that of Vitamin C and subsequently evaluated in vitro using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. The antioxidant pharmacophore-based structure-activity relationship analysis was assessed by the density functional theory as well as quantum chemical calculations. Moreover, the structural properties were utilized using Becke’s three-parameter hybrid exchange and Lee-Yang-Parr’s correction of functional approaches. Hesperidin-loaded gold nanoparticles were found to decrease hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and thus induce Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) instability. In addition, hesperidin-gold nanoparticles were observed to display important antioxidant potential as well as ameliorate the functional activity of macrophages against Escherichia coli, possibly protecting DNA. These particles might be appropriate for clinical trials and could prove useful for the treatment of various life-threatening disorders.

Acute hepatic porphyrias for the neurologist: current concepts and perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Victor Sgobbi de Souza ◽  
Bruno de Mattos Lombardi Badia ◽  
Igor Braga Farias ◽  
Eduardo Augusto Gonçalves ◽  
Wladimir Bocca Vieira de Rezende Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Inherited Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Acute Porphyrias ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Atypical Presentations ◽  
Interfering Rna

ABSTRACT Background: Acute hepatic porphyrias represent an expanding group of complex inherited metabolic disorders due to inborn errors of metabolism involving heme biosynthesis. Objective: We aimed to review the main clinical and therapeutic aspects associated with acute hepatic porphyrias. Methods: The authors provided a wide non-systematic review of current concepts and recently acquired knowledge about acute hepatic porphyrias. Results: Acute neurovisceral attacks are the most common and life-threatening presentation of this group and are often considered the main clinical manifestation by clinicians during differential diagnosis and the start of proper diagnostic work-up for acute porphyrias. However, atypical presentations with central nervous system involvement, neuropsychiatric disturbances, and some subtypes with photosensitivity usually make the definite diagnosis difficult and late. Early therapeutic interventions are essential during emergency treatment and intercritical periods to avoid recurrent severe presentations. The availability of new disease-modifying therapeutic proposals based on small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapies, complementary to the classic intravenous glucose infusion and hemin-based treatments, emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and genetic counseling of patients. Conclusions: This review article highlights the main biochemical, pathophysiological, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of acute hepatic porphyrias in clinical practice.

The Epitome of Novel Techniques and Targeting Approaches in Drug Delivery for Treating Lymphatic Filariasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1250-1263
Author(s):  
Saurabh Shrivastava ◽  
Anshita Gupta ◽  
Chanchal Deep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Lymphatic Diseases ◽  
Life Threatening

Background: Lymphatic filariasis is a pervasive and life-threatening disease for human beings. Currently, 893 million people in 49 countries worldwide affected by lymphatic filariasis as per WHO statistics. The concealed aspects of lymphatic diseases such as delayed disease detection, inappropriate disease imaging, the geographical outbreak of infection, and lack of preventive chemotherapy have brought this epidemic to the edge of Neglected Tropical Diseases. Many medications and natural bioactive substances have seen to promote filaricidal activity against the target parasitic species. However, the majority of failures have occurred in pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic issues. Objective: The purpose of the study is to focus on the challenges and therapeutic issues in the treatment of filariasis. The review brings novel techniques and therapeutic approaches for combating lymphatic filariasis. It also offers significant developments and opportunities for such therapeutic interventions. Conclusion: Through this review, an attempt has made to critically evaluate the avenues of innovative pharmaceuticals and molecular targeting approaches to bring an integrated solution to combat lymphatic filariasis.

Isolation and HPLC Determination of the Chemical Components of Gentianella acuta (Michx.) Hulten

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Ying Wei ◽  
Yongqiao Liu ◽  
Yifan Hele ◽  
Weiwei Sun ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Main Components ◽  
First Time

Background: Gentianella acuta (Michx.) Hulten is an important type of medicinal plant found in several Chinese provinces. It has been widely used in folk medicine to treat various illnesses. However, there is not enough detailed information about the chemical constituents of this plant or methods for their content determination. Objective: The focus of this work is the isolation and characterization of the major chemical constituents of Gentianella acuta, and developing an analytical method for their determination. Methods: The components of Gentianella acuta were isolated using (1) ethanol extraction and adsorption on macroporous resin. (2) and ethyl acetate extraction and high speed countercurrent chromatography. A HPLC-DAD method was developed using a C18 column and water-acetonitrile as the mobile phase. Based on compound polarities, both isocratic and gradient elution methods were developed. Results: A total of 29 compounds were isolated from this plant, of which 17 compounds were isolated from this genus for the first time. The main components in this plant were found to be xanthones. The HPLC-DAD method was developed and validated for their determination, and found to show good sensitivity and reliability. Conclusion: The results of this work add to the limited body of work available on this important medicinal plant. The findings will be useful for further investigation and development of Gentianella acuta for its valuable medicinal properties.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Scorzonera Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5128
Author(s):  
Karolina Lendzion ◽  
Agnieszka Gornowicz ◽  
Krzysztof Bielawski ◽  
Anna Bielawska
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Quinic Acid ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Bioactive Potential

The genus Scorzonera comprises nearly 200 species, naturally occurring in Europe, Asia, and northern parts of Africa. Plants belonging to the Scorzonera genus have been a significant part of folk medicine in Asia, especially China, Mongolia, and Turkey for centuries. Therefore, they have become the subject of research regarding their phytochemical composition and biological activity. The aim of this review is to present and assess the phytochemical composition, and bioactive potential of species within the genus Scorzonera. Studies have shown the presence of many bioactive compounds like triterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, flavonoids, or caffeic acid and quinic acid derivatives in extracts obtained from aerial and subaerial parts of the plants. The antioxidant and cytotoxic properties have been evaluated, together with the mechanism of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and hepatoprotective activity. Scorzonera species have also been investigated for their activity against several bacteria and fungi strains. Despite mild cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines in vitro, the bioactive properties in wound healing therapy and the treatment of microbial infections might, in perspective, be the starting point for the research on Scorzonera species as active agents in medical products designed for miscellaneous skin conditions.

scholarly journals Biological Properties of Essential Oils from Thymus algeriensis Boiss

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 786
Author(s):  
Hamza Ouakouak ◽  
Adel Benarfa ◽  
Mohammed Messaoudi ◽  
Samir Begaa ◽  
Barbara Sawicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Thymus Algeriensis

This study describes the chemical composition, antitumor, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of the plant Thymus algeriensis Boiss. Essential oils (EOs) were collected in different periods (before, during, and after flowering stage) from the El-Guetfa region, M’sila, Algeria. The EOs extraction was achieved using three distinguishing techniques: hydro (Clevenger trap), steam, and microwave distillations, targeting different aerial parts of the plant (stems, flowers, and leaves). The EOs chemical components were estimated using GC-FID and GC-MS apparatuses. The resulting yield of the extracted oil was moderate and ranged between 0.84 and 1.53% (wt/vol). In total, eighty-five components were identified, in which the oxygenated monoterpenes family formed the main portion, starting from 40.56 up to 70.66%. The obtained essential oil was dominated by five major components that varied from low to quite moderate percentages: camphor (17.45–32.56%), borneol (11.16–22.2%), camphene (7.53–12.86%), 1.8-cineole (5.16–11.21%), and bornyl acetate (3.86–7.92%). The biological results of this oil pointed out that the EOs extracted from the leaves part exposed a weak radical scavenging activity afterward using two well-known antioxidant assays DPPH (IC50 = 8.37 mg/mL) and ABTS (10.84 mg/mL). Meanwhile, this oil presented strong inhibition activity against colon cancer cell line HCT116 (LC50 = 39.8 µg/mL) and a moderate inhibitory against hepatocellular cancer cells HePG2 (LC50 > 100 µg/mL). In addition, this oil antimicrobial activity was quite important against Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus), Staphylococcus aureus CIP 7625, Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 4226, Candida albicans IPA200, Candida tropicalis (Ct), and Candida glabrata (Cg) after using Amoxicillin and Itraconazole as references.

scholarly journals Could metabolomics drive the fate of COVID-19 pandemic? A narrative review on lights and shadows

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Mussap ◽  
Vassilios Fanos
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Host Metabolism

Abstract Human Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection activates a complex interaction host/virus, leading to the reprogramming of the host metabolism aimed at the energy supply for viral replication. Alterations of the host metabolic homeostasis strongly influence the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, forming the basis of a wide range of outcomes, from the asymptomatic infection to the onset of COVID-19 and up to life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome, vascular dysfunction, multiple organ failure, and death. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms associated with the individual susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection calls for a system biology approach; this strategy can address multiple goals, including which patients will respond effectively to the therapeutic treatment. The power of metabolomics lies in the ability to recognize endogenous and exogenous metabolites within a biological sample, measuring their concentration, and identifying perturbations of biochemical pathways associated with qualitative and quantitative metabolic changes. Over the last year, a limited number of metabolomics- and lipidomics-based clinical studies in COVID-19 patients have been published and are discussed in this review. Remarkable alterations in the lipid and amino acid metabolism depict the molecular phenotype of subjects infected by SARS-CoV-2; notably, structural and functional data on the lipids-virus interaction may open new perspectives on targeted therapeutic interventions. Several limitations affect most metabolomics-based studies, slowing the routine application of metabolomics. However, moving metabolomics from bench to bedside cannot imply the mere determination of a given metabolite panel; rather, slotting metabolomics into clinical practice requires the conversion of metabolic patient-specific data into actionable clinical applications.

Cancer and COVID-19: A proposed mechanism with therapeutic interventions.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3135-3135
Author(s):  
Yan Leyfman ◽  
Nancy Emmanuel ◽  
Aleksey Tentler ◽  
Jared Cappelli ◽  
Timothy K Erick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Data Registry ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Active Cancer

3135 Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel betacoronavirus that causes the respiratory illness coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 ranges in severity from an asymptomatic viral infection to life-threatening cases of pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-organ damage and sepsis. Cancer patients are at an increased risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection due to their immunocompromised status. We propose a mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 infection causes multiple organ damage through IL-6-mediated inflammation and hypoxia-induced cellular metabolic alterations leading to cell death. Hypoxia is also induced by malignancy due to alterations in metabolism, resulting in greater IL-6 secretion. Methods: To highlight the possible effect of active cancer on the likelihood of hypoxia in COVID-19, we analyzed the correlation between cancer status and the severity of COVID-19 from the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium data registry. For cancer status, we looked at progressive cancer and remission of cancer only -- those being the two extremes of presence and absence of uncontrolled cancer. Similar to prior studies, the severity of COVID-19 was used as an indication of hypoxia. Results: We observed a 24% positive deviation between expected and actual number of patients with actively progressing cancer who had hypoxic COVID-19 (moderate to severe), and a 26.9% negative deviation between expected and actual number of patients with active cancer who had no hypoxia with COVID-19 (p<0.0001). Conversely, for patients with cancer in remission, there was only a +5.8% and -5.1% deviation between expected and actual number of patients who did not have hypoxia and who had hypoxia, respectively. Conclusions: These results suggest that in the presence of poorly controlled malignancy, there is an increased likelihood of hypoxia in patients with COVID-19, thereby exacerbating downstream cytokine release syndrome and contributing to prolonged systemic inflammatory injury. Appreciating this pathway, future therapies can be developed to target the pathogenesis of both diseases and prevent progression, as seen with mesenchymal stem cells, which demonstrated a 91% overall survival and 100% survival in patients younger than 85 years old at one month after a single treatment.[Table: see text]

scholarly journals Survival from paraquat induced renal impairment in a 17 years old male

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Medo M. Kuotsu ◽  
N. Biplab Singh ◽  
Nyamnyei Konyak ◽  
Vikie-o Khruomo ◽  
Senjele Kath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Paraquat Poisoning ◽  
Adequate Hydration ◽  
Life Threatening

N, N’-dimethyl-4, 4’-bipyridinium dichloride (paraquat) is a herbicide commonly used in India that leads to fatal outcome on ingestion. Paraquat interferes in the intracellular electron transfer systems inhibiting the reduction of NADP to NADPH resulting in accumulation of superoxide radical causing lipid cell membranes destruction leading to various organ damage. Life threatening effects such as acute kidney injury as paraquat elimination is mainly by kidney, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure are the causes of mortality in paraquat poisoning. There is no specific antidotes for paraquat poisoning so prevention and aggressive decontamination remains the mainstay of management in case of exposure or ingestion. Paraquat poisoning presentation may vary in cases depending on the amount of paraquat consumed and thus the outcome. Here we report a case of a 17 years old male who presented with acute kidney injury following ingestion of paraquat in a suicidal attempt. In our case, induced vomiting of the stomach content readily after ingestion of the poison, early haemodialysis, use of immunosuppression such as methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide and antioxidants such as acetylcysteine, Vitamin C and Vitamin E as free radical scavenging agent , supportive measures such as adequate hydration and antibiotics might have helped in the patient’s survival. The case fatality remains very high in paraquat poisoning till date owing to lack of effective treatment options.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Total Phenolic Content of Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) Leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 06007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Yit Leng ◽  
Nuramira binti Nadzri ◽  
Khor Chu Yee ◽  
Norawanis binti Abdul Razak ◽  
Abdul Razak Shaari
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Artocarpus Altilis ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

This work aims to determine antioxidant, total phenolic content and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of breadfruit leaves which are essential in management of diabetes. The methanolic extracts of breadfruit leaves was used to analyze for total phenolic content and antioxidant. Total phenolic content of the extracts was measured using the Folin–Ciocalteu assay while the antioxidant activity of plant extracts was measured by the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryhyradrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. FTIR analysis was used to determine the chemical components in the leaves. Total phenolic content in fresh breadfruit leaves (144.16 mg/g ± 17.98) was comparable to those of green tea. The results showed the breadfruit leaves extracts exhibited potent antioxidant activity. The presence of OH group also suggests antioxidant capacity of breadfruit leaves to deactivate free radicals as glucose itself could react with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron and copper ions to form hydroxyl radical.

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