scholarly journals Oral Candidal Colonization in Patients with Different Prosthetic Appliances

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
Maja Kinkela Devcic ◽  
Suncana Simonic-Kocijan ◽  
Jelena Prpic ◽  
Igor Paskovic ◽  
Tomislav Cabov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Oral Rinse ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Candidal Colonization

Oral infections caused by Candida species are becoming more common, which may be related to an increase in the number of immunologically compromised patients as well as favorable conditions in the oral cavity that often include removable prosthetic appliances. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of a particular Candida species in patients with PMMA and Cr-Co prosthetic appliances, as well as the salivary flow rate, and oral signs and symptoms. This investigation included a total of 120 subjects with different kinds of removable dentures. A sample of concentrated oral rinse was collected from all subjects in order to detect Candida colonization and identify the Candida species, a quantum of salivation was measured, and subjects were examined clinically. Candida spp. was predominant among the subjects who were denture wearers (p < 0.0001). In all subjects, the most frequently detected species was C.albicans. A statistically significant difference was found between the prevalence of C.albicans (p < 0.001) and C.krusei (p < 0.001) in denture wearers. Subjects with PMMA-based removable prosthetic appliances mostly demonstrated a significant decrease in salivation (p < 0.001), an increase in burning sensations (p < 0.001), and dry mouth (p < 0.001) compared to the subjects who wore partial dentures with Co–Cr metallic frameworks. Red oral lesions were more frequently found among the subjects with partial dentures with Co–Cr metallic frameworks (p < 0.001). Regardless of the material used for the denture, patients must be regularly checked by their dentists in order to prevent the development of oral lesions.

The Relationship between Tobacco Smoking and Oral Colonization with Candida Species

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziad Nawaf Al-Dwairi ◽  
Azmi Mohammad-Ghaleb Darwazeh ◽  
Abd Al-Wahab Al-Zwairi
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Comparable Group ◽  
Oral Rinse ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Oral Colonization ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Candidal Colonization

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to assess and compare the quantitative and qualitative oral colonization of Candida species between a group of healthy tobacco smokers and a comparable group of nonsmokers, and to investigate a possible correlation between oral candidal colonization and the quantity or duration of the smoking habit. Methods and Materials Fifty smokers and 50 nonsmokers were included in the study. Candida species were isolated using the concentrated oral rinse (COR) technique and identified using the germ tube test and API 20 C AUX yeast identification system. Results Overall candidal transmission was 84 percent. Candida species were isolated from 42 (84 percent) of the smokers and 37 (74 percent) of the nonsmokers (p>0.05). The mean CFU/ml were 333 (SD=358) and 268 (SD=332), respectively (p>0.05). Conclusion Tobacco smoking did not appear to increase oral colonization with Candida species in healthy subjects. Clinical Significance The effects of smoking on oral tissues and the mechanisms by which Candida proliferate intra-orally as a result of cigarette smoking warrant additional study. Citation Darwazeh AM, Al-Dwairi ZN, Al-Zwairi AA. The Relationship between Tobacco Smoking and Oral Colonization with Candida Species. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 May; 11(3):017-024. Available from: http://www.thejcdp. com/journal/view/volume11-issue3-al_dwairi

scholarly journals Candida species and other yeasts in the oral cavities of type 2 diabetic patients in Cali, Colombia

2013 ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Lynne Suárez ◽  
María Inés Álvarez ◽  
Matilde de Bernal ◽  
Andrés Collazos
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Oral Rinse ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Objective: To determine the prevalence of Candida species and to study factors associated to oral cavity colonization in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A total of 107 diabetics were classified into controlled and uncontrolled according to glycosylated hemoglobin values. Each patient was assessed for stimulated salivary flow rates, pH, and an oral rinse to search for yeast. The study also determined the state of oral health via Klein and Palmer CPO indexes for permanent dentition, dental plaque by O’Leary, and a periodontal chart. Results: We found yeasts in 74.8% of the patients. A total of 36 of the 52 subjects with controlled diabetes presented yeasts and 44 in the uncontrolled; no significant differences (p= 0.2) were noted among the presence of yeasts and the control of blood glucose. The largest number of isolates corresponded to C. albicans, followed by C. parapsilosis. Uncontrolled individuals presented a significantly higher percentage of yeast different from C.albicans (p= 0.049). Conclusions: We found a high percentage of Candida colonization and uncontrolled individuals had greater diversity of species. The wide range of CFU/mL found both in patients with oral candidiasis, as well as in those without it did not permit distinguishing between colonization and disease. We only found association between isolation of yeasts and the low rate of salivary flow.

scholarly journals Changing Trends of Candida Species and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Candida Bloodstream Isolates: A 5-Year Retrospective Survey

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Cem Yardimci ◽  
Dilek Arman
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Hemopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Candida species have emerged as one of the most common causes of bloodstream infections (BSIs). There are limited data on the distribution of Candida spp. and susceptibility by year. Objectives: In this study, we analyzed changes in the distribution of Candida spp. and their antifungal susceptibility profiles from blood cultures. Methods: Records from January 2016 to December 2020 were obtained from the microbiology laboratory in Istanbul. Antifungal susceptibility tests were performed using the VITEK 2 compact system and evaluated according to EUCAST breakpoints. A total of 241 unique candidemia episodes were included in this study. Results: Candida albicans was the predominant pathogen (n = 95, 39.42%), followed by C. parapsilosis (n = 82, 34.02%), C. glabrata (n = 18, 7.47%), C. tropicalis (n = 17, 7.05%), C. krusei (n = 15, 6.22%), and other Candida spp. (n = 14, 5.79%). There was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of episodes of Candida spp. After data analysis, a tendency to shift from C. albicans to C. parapsilosis was observed in the period analyzed in this study. Candida albicans was the most common species in intensive care units (ICUs), hematology and hemopoietic stem cell transplantation units, and surgical clinics, with C. parapsilosis predominant in medical clinics. In general, micafungin susceptibility was the highest, and fluconazole was the lowest. There was reduced sensitivity to fluconazole and voriconazole for C. albicans and C. parapsilosis over 5 years. Conclusions: Detecting changes in the distribution of Candida spp. and antifungal susceptibility over time will lead to the selection of appropriate empirical therapy and monitor phenomena of antifungal resistance. Empirical treatment with antifungal agents is associated with high costs, toxicities, and risk of antifungal resistance. Therefore, it is mandatory to determine and monitor Candida spp. and antifungal susceptibility testing to select appropriate antifungal agents.

scholarly journals Antifungal resistance profile and enzymatic activity of Candida species recovered from human and animal samples

Bio-Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1044A-1055A
Author(s):  
IE Mba ◽  
EI Nweze
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Candida is currently the most implicated pathogenic fungal species recognized as the major cause of a variety of human infections all over the world. This study investigated species distribution, enzymatic activities, and antifungal resistance profiles of human and animal Candida species. Clinical Candida species (n=220) were isolated from urine, high vaginal swab (HVS) and blood while Candida species (n=128) were isolated from rectal swab, ear swab, blood, feces, and milk in animals: goat, sheep, cattle, pig and chicken. The identification of the species was performed using standard methods. Enzymatic activity was screened using plate methods. Susceptibility testing was carried out using disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. A statistically significant difference (P=0.031) was observed in the distribution of Candida spp. recovered from humans and animals. The Pz values of human Candida species for proteinase, hemolysin, lipase and phospholipase were 0.65±0.97, 0.61±0.81, 0.59±0.47 and 0.76±0.74 respectively while that of Candida species recovered from animal were 0.67±0.13, 0.61±0.95, 0.62±0.67 and 0.69±0.70 respectively. No statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in the in vitro enzymatic activity was observed between the two groups. High azole-resistance rate was observed. Resistance was higher among human Candida isolates compared to animal isolates although the difference was not considered statistically significant (p = 0.519). Our findings suggest that the enzymatic activity (virulence potential) and resistance patterns are similar in the two groups investigated. This study underscores the importance of animals especially pets and their products as potential sources/reservoirs of pathogenic and multi-azole resistant Candida species in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of nipple and breast candidiasis: A review of the relationship between diagnoses of mammary candidiasis and Candida albicans in breastfeeding women

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 174550652110314
Author(s):  
Pamela Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Breast Pain ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Nipple Areolar Complex ◽  
Areolar Complex ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Breastfeeding mothers commonly experience nipple pain accompanied by radiating, stabbing or constant breast pain between feeds, sometimes associated with pink shiny nipple epithelium and white flakes of skin. Current guidelines diagnose these signs and symptoms as mammary candidiasis and stipulate antifungal medications. Aim: This study reviews existing research into the relationship between Candida albicans and nipple and breast pain in breastfeeding women who have been diagnosed with mammary candidiasis; whether fluconazole is an effective treatment; and the presence of C. albicans in the human milk microbiome. Method: The author conducted three searches to investigate (a) breastfeeding-related pain and C. albicans; (b) the efficacy of fluconazole in breastfeeding-related pain; and (c) composition of the human milk mycobiome. These findings are critiqued and integrated in a narrative review. Results: There is little evidence to support the hypothesis that Candida spp, including C. albicans, in maternal milk or on the nipple-areolar complex causes the signs and symptoms popularly diagnosed as mammary candidiasis. There is no evidence that antifungal treatments are any more effective than the passage of time in women with these symptoms. Candida spp including C. albicans are commonly identified in healthy human milk and nipple-areolar complex mycobiomes. Discussion: Clinical breastfeeding support remains a research frontier. The human milk microbiome, which includes a mycobiome, interacts with the microbiomes of the infant mouth and nipple-areolar complex, including their mycobiomes, to form protective ecosystems. Topical or oral antifungals may disrupt immunoprotective microbial homeostasis. Unnecessary use contributes to the serious global problem of antifungal resistance. Conclusion: Antifungal treatment is rarely indicated and prolonged courses cannot be justified in breastfeeding women experiencing breast and nipple pain. Multiple strategies for stabilizing microbiome feedback loops when nipple and breast pain emerge are required, in order to avoid overtreatment of breastfeeding mothers and their infants with antifungal medications.

Candida Esophagitis and Laryngitis in Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-384
Author(s):  
Roger H. Kobayashi ◽  
Howard M. Rosenblatt ◽  
Jean M. Carney ◽  
William J. Byrne ◽  
Marvin E. Ament ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Topical Therapy ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Mucocutaneous Candidiasis ◽  
Left Mainstem ◽  
Repeat Endoscopy ◽  
Intravenous Amphotericin

Five children (aged 11 to 19 years) with lifelong chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis had 12 episodes of esophageal and/or laryngeal candidiasis documented by endoscopy. Symptoms included hoarseness (8/12), dysphagia (6/12), and hemoptysis (1/12). There was poor correlation between oral lesions and esophageal or laryngeal involvement. On fiberoptic endoscopy, the esophagus was involved alone in four episodes (33%), the larynx in two episodes (17%), and both structures in six episodes (50%). In six of eight instances, the esophagram was nondiagnostic or markedly underestimated the extent of inflammation. Intravenous amphotericin B or miconazole resulted in the resolution of these infections for variable periods of time. Repeat endoscopy was used to follow the course of the disease. Aerosolized amphotericin B was effective on one occasion in clearing candidal lesions of the larynx and one small area of the left mainstem bronchus. Oral topical therapy was not beneficial. Since the signs and symptoms of laryngitis or esophagitis are often minimal or absent and complications, including strictures, may arise from chronic inflammation, periodic endoscopy and systemic therapy may be necessary.

FUNCTION OF THE SALIVARY GLAND IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS OF THE PANCREAS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 945-952
Author(s):  
Giulio J. Barbero ◽  
Warren Chernick
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Mixed Saliva

A significantly greater rate of "unstimulated" parotid salivary flow was observed with 14 children with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas than with 24 normal children. The concentration of sodium and chloride in mixed saliva was significantly elevated in 12 children with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas as compared with 14 normal children. The response to injection of methacholine chloride was greater for both rate of parotid flow and concentration of sodium and chloride with 10 children with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas than with 10 normal children. Concentration of potassium showed no significant difference in either group. The response elicited in the parotid by administration of methacholine chloride indicated a decreased threshold of response and consequent increased sensitivity to parasympathomimetic stimulation in the patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas.

scholarly journals Cervical spine dysfunction signs and symptoms in individuals with temporomandibular disorder

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Weber ◽  
Eliane Castilhos Rodrigues Corrêa ◽  
Fabiana dos Santos Ferreira ◽  
Juliana Corrêa Soares ◽  
Geovana de Paula Bolzan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorder ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cervical Pain ◽  
Pain Symptom ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cervical Spine Dysfunction ◽  
Posture Assessment ◽  
Craniocervical Dysfunction

PURPOSE: To study the frequency of cervical spine dysfunction (CCD) signs and symptoms in subjects with and without temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and to assess the craniocervical posture influence on TMD and CCD coexistence. METHODS: Participants were 71 women (19 to 35 years), assessed about TMD presence; 34 constituted the TMD group (G1) and 37 comprised the group without TMD (G2). The CCD was evaluated through the Craniocervical Dysfunction Index and the Cervical Mobility Index. Subjects were also questioned about cervical pain. Craniocervical posture was assessed by cephalometric analysis. RESULTS: There was no difference in the craniocervical posture between groups. G2 presented more mild CCD frequency and less moderate and severe CCD frequency (p=0.01). G1 presented higher percentage of pain during movements (p=0.03) and pain during cervical muscles palpation (p=0.01) compared to G2. Most of the TMD patients (88.24%) related cervical pain with significant difference when compared to G2 (p=0.00). CONCLUSION: Craniocervical posture assessment showed no difference between groups, suggesting that postural alterations could be more related to the CCD. Presence of TMD resulted in higher frequency of cervical pain symptom. Thus the coexistence of CCD and TMD signs and symptoms appear to be more related to the common innervations of the trigeminocervical complex and hyperalgesia of the TMD patients than to craniocervical posture deviations.

scholarly journals Candida spp. occurrence in oral cavities of breastfeeding infants and in their mothers' mouths and breasts

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Stella Amorim da Costa Zöllner ◽  
Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Yeast Strains

This study aimed to determine the occurrence of Candida spp. in the oral cavity of predominantly breastfed infants and in their mothers' mouths and breasts, as well as in the oral cavity of bottlefed infants and in non-lactating women. One hundred and sixty nine women and eighty-five milk-fed infants took part in this study and were divided into four groups: 1) infants predominantly on breastfeeding (n = 55) and their mothers (n = 55); 2) infants on bottlefeeding (n = 30); 3) non-lactating women on whom oral collections were performed (n = 80) and, 4) non-lactating women on whom breast collections were performed (n = 34). Oral and mammary swabs were cultured on Sabouraud agar dextrose with chloramphenicol. The Candida yeast strains found were isolated and identified through morphological and biochemical tests. Candida species were much less frequent in infants who were predominantly breastfed than in those who were bottlefed. Yeasts were much more frequent on the breasts of lactating women, with statistical difference in relation to the control group.

scholarly journals Isolation of Candida species in children and their biofilm-forming ability on nano-composite surfaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Harina Akila Che Hussin ◽  
Nadiah Arshad ◽  
Siti Nor Humaira Nor Azemi ◽  
Raja Izzatun Nisa Raja Sahrul Hishan ◽  
Wan Nur Fatihah Wan Mohd Kamaluddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Nano Composites ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Nano Composite ◽  
Tooth Surfaces

Candida species including Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Candida glabrata are opportunistic microorganisms that inhabit oral cavity. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of dental caries on Candida spp. biofilm-forming ability on nano- composite with the hypothesis that dental caries enhances the colonization of Candida spp. To assess Candida spp. colonisation in the oral cavity of the paediatric patient, samples were obtained from 30 subjects aged five to six years old from Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. The samples were collected from buccal mucosa, palate and tooth surfaces using sterile swabs. 10 mL of patient’s saliva suspension was also collected. Following that, the samples were inoculated on CHROMagar and incubated for 24 h at 37 ºC. Candida biofilm of caries isolate C. albicans (HNFC2), and C. albicans ATCC 32354 were developed on three different types of nano-composites. The study showed that no C. albicans was isolated from the caries-free oral cavity while 76% of children with caries possessed Candida spp. 65% of the yeasts were isolated from the tooth surface. Only 35% of the total isolates were obtained from soft tissues, including palatal and buccal mucosa. C. albicans is the most isolated Candida spp. with 82% and 67% of the yeast were obtained from the tooth surface and buccal mucosa, respectively. Besides, HNFC2 significantly colonised the nano- composites more than the ATCC (P < 0.05). In the comparison of the three types of nano- composites, nano-hybrid-based containing pre-polymerised filler (cB) exhibited the least C. albicans HNFC2 cells colonisation with 7.7 x 10³ cells mL-1. In contrast, the nano-composite that contained bulk-filled nanohybrid (cC) was the most colonised with 14.3 x 10³ cells mL-1. In conclusion, dental caries enhances the colonization of Candida spp. in children's oral cavity, and that caries isolate form more biofilm on nano-composites compared to the lab strain C. albicans.

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