scholarly journals A Polyphasic Approach to Classification and Identification of Species within the Trichophyton benhamiae Complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 602
Author(s):  
Frederik Baert ◽  
Paulien Lefevere ◽  
Elizabet D’hooge ◽  
Dirk Stubbe ◽  
Ann Packeu
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Trichophyton Benhamiae ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Bt Gene ◽  
Made In

In recent years, considerable advances have been made in clearing up the phylogenetic relationships within the Arthrodermataceae family. However, certain closely related taxa still contain poorly resolved species boundaries. Here, we tried to elucidate the species composition of the Trichophyton benhamiae species complex using a combined approach consisting of multi-gene phylogenetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and beta-tubulin (BT) gene regions, morphological analysis, and spectral comparison using MALDI-ToF. We confirmed the existence of 11 different monophyletic clades within the complex representing either species or genetically distinct groups within species. MALDI-ToF spectrometry analysis revealed that most of these clades were readily distinguishable from one another; however, some closely related sister clades, such as T. europaeum and T. japonicum, were often misidentified as their counterpart. The distinct “yellow” and “white” phenotypes of T. benhamiae do not have a clear genetic basis and should thus be considered as different morphotypes of the same species. Strains traditionally considered T. benhamiae can be divided into three main clades: (i) T. benhamiae, (ii) T. europaeum/T. japonicum, and (iii) the phylogenetically distant T. africanum. While T. europaeum and T. japonicum are distinguishable based on their genotype, spectral and morphological analysis did not provide clear delimiting characteristics.

scholarly journals The Pseudoscorpions of Illinois

1949 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 413-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Clayton Hoff
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
North Central ◽  
Taxonomic Importance ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Made In

Pseudoscorpions are minute animals only a few millimeters long, with the general appearance of diminutive scorpions except that they have no tails. They belong to the large phylum of joint-legged animals, the Arthropoda, and to the class Arachnida. which, in addition to the pseudoscorpions, embraces the spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions, and other related groups. Pseudoscorpions are seclusive in habit, occurring in soil cover and rotten logs, under bark, and in similar places out of doors: one species is found in houses. In their natural habitat, these little brown animals arc difficult to see. especially when they draw in their legs and "play possum." In this position they look like little specks of dirt. Probably because pseudoscorpions are inconspicuous, few collections of the group have been made in the past, and the fauna, at least of North America, and especially of the central and north-central United States, has remained scantily known. The object of this report is twofold, first to present illustrated keys and descriptions for the identification of species in this region, and, secondly, to summarize information regarding the distribution, biology, and habitat preferences of the species. As an aid in use of the keys, a section has been included on morphology, in which the structures now considered of major taxonomic importance are explained. Summarizing the distribution has been especially difficult because many identifications made prior to Chamberlin's work are probably incorrect and should be rechecked before they are cited. Because of this situation there is little accurate information to serve as a guide in foretelling what additional described species may be collected in Illinois. In order to make this report of wide application, the keys have been made to include all the genera known from the central and northeastern portions of the United States and adjacent portions of Canada.

Introduction of Neolophiotrema xiaokongense gen. et sp. nov. to the poorly represented Anteagloniaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 482 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
GUANG-CONG REN ◽  
DHANUSHKA N. WANASINGHE ◽  
JUTAMART MONKAI ◽  
KEVIN D. HYDE ◽  
PETER E. MORTIMER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Identification Of Species

The monotypic Neolophiotrema (typified by N. xiaokongense) is introduced for a wood-inhabiting taxon classified in Dothideomycetes. The genus is characterized by, coriaceous, immersed to semi-immersed ascomata, hamathecium with cellular pseudoparaphyses and overlapping 1–2-seriate, hyaline ascospores. Phylogenetic analysis of combined SSU, LSU, ITS, tef1-α and rpb2 sequence data supports the placement of Neolophiotrema in Anteagloniaceae (Pleosporales). A morphology-based synopsis key is provided to facilitate the identification of species of Anteagloniaceae. The classification and nature of species boundaries in Anteagloniaceae are discussed.

Molecular genetic pathways in Parkinson's disease: a review

2005 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shushant Jain ◽  
Nicholas W. Wood ◽  
Daniel G. Healy
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Mendelian Genetics ◽  
Susceptibility Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Major Progress ◽  
Made In

Major progress has been made in the last decade in understanding the genetic basis of PD (Parkinson's disease) with five genes unequivocally associated with disease. As a result, multiple pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD, including proteasome impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction. Although Mendelian genetics has been successful in establishing a genetic predisposition for familial PD, this has not been reiterated in the sporadic form. In fact no genetic factors have been unequivocally associated with increased risk for sporadic PD. The difficulty in identifying susceptibility factors in PD has not only been because of numerous underpowered studies, but we have been unable to dissect out the genetic component in a multifactorial disease. This review aims to summarize the genetic findings within PD.

scholarly journals A combined approach of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and multivariate analysis as a potential tool for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus in nasopharyngeal swabs

2020 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 113991 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Florencia Rocca ◽  
Jonathan Cristian Zintgraff ◽  
María Elena Dattero ◽  
Leonardo Silva Santos ◽  
Martín Ledesma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Maldi Tof Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Potential Tool

Detailed MALDI-TOF Mass spectrometry analysis for the discrimination of Candida haemulonii complex species

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. e14
Author(s):  
J. Nobrega De Almeida Júnior ◽  
R. Grenfell ◽  
A. Da Silva Júnior ◽  
G. Barbaro Del Negro ◽  
A. Lopes Motta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Maldi Tof Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Candida Haemulonii

scholarly journals Evaluation of Effect of Various Nanofillers on Technological Properties of NBR/NR Blend Vulcanized Using BIAT-CBS System

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shaji P. Thomas ◽  
Saliney Thomas ◽  
C. V. Marykutty ◽  
E. J. Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Compression Set ◽  
Nano Zinc Oxide ◽  
Nano Zinc ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Modified Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Made In

Owing to processing ease and resistance to oils and chemicals, NBR is widely used in many industries. But since neat NBR has only poor tensile properties, it is better to use suitable blends of NR and NBR after incorporating appropriate nanoingredients before vulcanization. It is well established that nanoparticles can be easily dispersed in a more uniform pattern in polymer matrix, thereby enhancing the technological properties of the elastomer vulcanizate. Since there are no systematic comparative studies on technological properties of NBR/NR blend containing different nanoingredients, efforts have been made in this study to investigate cure and technological properties like tensile properties, tear resistance, compression set, hardness, abrasion loss and swelling value of NBR/NR (80/20) blend vulcanizates containing stearic acid-coated nano-zinc oxide (ZOS), nano-BIAT, nano-silicate-coated CaCO3, PEO-coated calcium silicate, and surface-modified carbon nanotubes (CNT). XRD and electron microscopy have been used for morphological analysis. The nano ingredients were effective in enhancing the technological properties of the vulcanizates. Among the nanofillers, modified CNT was found to impart superior properties to NBR/NR blend due to more intercalation.

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis of TEMPO-Capped Polystyrene

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 2495-2502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Anne Dourges ◽  
Bernadette Charleux ◽  
Jean-Pierre Vairon ◽  
Jean-Claude Blais ◽  
Gérard Bolbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Maldi Tof Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Maldi Tof

scholarly journals Rapid classification and prediction of COVID-19 severity by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis of serum peptidome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Gomila ◽  
Gabriel Martorell ◽  
Pablo A. Fraile-Ribot ◽  
Antonio Doménech-Sánchez ◽  
Antonio Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Favourable Outcome ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Critical Patients ◽  
Tof Ms

ABSTRACTClassification and early detection of severe COVID-19 patients is urgently required to establish an effective treatment. Here, we tested the utility of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to classify and predict the severity of COVID-19 in a clinical setting. We used this technology to analyse the mass spectra profiles of the sera from 80 COVID-19 patients, clinically classified as mild (33), severe (26) and critical (21), and 20 healthy controls. We found a clear variability of the serum peptidome profile depending on COVID-19 severity. Seventy-eight peaks were significantly different and 12 at least four fold more intense in the set of critical patients than in the mild ones. Analysis of the resulting matrix of peak intensities by machine learning approaches classified severe (severe and critical) and non-severe (mild) patients with a 90% of accuracy. Furthermore, machine learning predicted correctly the favourable outcome of the severe patients in 85% of the cases and the unfavourable in 38% of the cases. Finally, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of sera identified five proteins that were significantly upregulated in the critical patients. They included serum amyloid proteins A1 and A2, which probably yielded the most intense peaks with m/z 11,530 and 11,686 detected by MALDI-TOF MS.In summary, we demonstrated the potential of the MALDI-TOF MS as a bench to bedside technology to aid clinicians in their decisions to classify COVID-19 patients and predict their evolution.

scholarly journals Understanding the chemical basis for the preferential ionization of specific biomolecules in mass spectrometry analysis of microbial cells

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfa Ng
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Chemical Basis ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Tof Ms

Mass spectrometry-enabled microbial identification has successfully demonstrated the feasibility of using profiled biomolecules for identifying microorganisms based on a chemometric or proteome database search approach. However, mechanisms driving the preferential ionization and detection of particular biomolecules in various types of mass spectrometry remain poorly understood. Specifically, mass spectra obtained from different microbial species remain poorly annotated with respect to the specific types of biomolecules accounting for the peaks. For example, while ribosomal proteins are known to be a significant class of biomolecules that could partially account for the profiled mass peaks in mass spectra of microorganisms, other classes of proteins and biomolecules remain poorly annotated. This raises the important question of how different mass spectrometry approaches ionize different types of biomolecules from a cellular matrix. Specifically, mass spectra of microorganisms reveal that only a couple of mass peaks could capture the phylogeny of a species. However, the proteome of a cell is much larger and more complicated, and yet is not fully profiled by different types of mass spectrometry methods. For example, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) could only provide a small snapshot of the entire bacterial proteome. It could be argued that different mass spectrometry methods provide complementary views of a particular proteome. However, the question remains, how do proteins and biomolecules interact with the different sample preparation and mass spectrometry analysis methods for generating an ion cloud for separation in a mass spectrometer? Thus, efforts could be directed towards understanding how different types of proteins could be preferentially ionized by MALDI-TOF MS. Specifically, different reagents could be used to perform chemical pretreatment on the proteome, which would subsequently be analyzed by mass spectrometry. Thus, a correlative map between types of chemical pretreatment used and the corresponding mass spectra could be obtained. Collectively, knowledge gleaned from the research would illuminate the chemical basis by which specific biomolecules are preferentially ionized under particular conditions, which would inform the development of strategies for increasing the subset of biomolecules ionized from a cellular proteome. Such chemical rules would also aid in the interpretation of mass spectra obtained, particularly in understanding the biological context of the experiment. Overall, the key goal of this research is to help answer the question: what is the biological basis and context of the mass spectrum obtained from cells?

scholarly journals Environmental Factors Promoting Neural Plasticity: Insights from Animal and Human Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mandolesi ◽  
Francesca Gelfo ◽  
Laura Serra ◽  
Simone Montuori ◽  
Arianna Polverino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Interindividual Difference ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Made In

We do not all grow older in the same way. Some individuals have a cognitive decline earlier and faster than others who are older in years but cerebrally younger. This is particularly easy to verify in people who have maintained regular physical activity and healthy and cognitively stimulating lifestyle and even in the clinical field. There are patients with advanced neurodegeneration, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), that, despite this, have mild cognitive impairment. What determines this interindividual difference? Certainly, it cannot be the result of only genetic factors. We are made in a certain manner and what we do acts on our brain. In fact, our genetic basis can be modulated, modified, and changed by our experiences such as education and life events; daily, by sleep schedules and habits; or also by dietary elements. And this can be seen as true even if our experiences are indirectly driven by our genetic basis. In this paper, we will review some current scientific research on how our experiences are able to modulate the structural organization of the brain and how a healthy lifestyle (regular physical activity, correct sleep hygiene, and healthy diet) appears to positively affect cognitive reserve.

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