scholarly journals Structurally Uncommon Secondary Metabolites Derived from Endophytic Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Humberto E. Ortega ◽  
Daniel Torres-Mendoza ◽  
Zuleima Caballero E. ◽  
Luis Cubilla-Rios
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Solid Culture ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Structural Classes

Among microorganisms, endophytic fungi are the least studied, but they have attracted attention due to their high biological diversity and ability to produce novel and bioactive secondary metabolites to protect their host plant against biotic and abiotic stress. These compounds belong to different structural classes, such as alkaloids, peptides, terpenoids, polyketides, and steroids, which could present significant biological activities that are useful for pharmacological or medical applications. Recent reviews on endophytic fungi have mainly focused on the production of novel bioactive compounds. Here, we focus on compounds produced by endophytic fungi, reported with uncommon bioactive structures, establishing the neighbor net and diversity of endophytic fungi. The review includes compounds published from January 2015 to December 2020 that were catalogued as unprecedented, rare, uncommon, or possessing novel structural skeletons from more than 39 different genera, with Aspergillus and Penicillium being the most mentioned. They were reported as displaying cytotoxic, antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, or anti-inflammatory activity. The solid culture, using rice as a carbon source, was the most common medium utilized in the fermentation process when this type of compound was isolated.

Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Endophytic Fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1836-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Ancheeva ◽  
Georgios Daletos ◽  
Peter Proksch
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Fungal Genes

Background: Endophytes represent a complex community of microorganisms colonizing asymptomatically internal tissues of higher plants. Several reports have shown that endophytes enhance the fitness of their host plants by direct production of bioactive secondary metabolites, which are involved in protecting the host against herbivores and pathogenic microbes. In addition, it is increasingly apparent that endophytes are able to biosynthesize medicinally important “phytochemicals”, originally believed to be produced only by their host plants. Objective: The present review provides an overview of secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi with pronounced biological activities covering the literature between 2010 and 2017. Special focus is given on studies aiming at exploration of the mode of action of these metabolites towards the discovery of leads from endophytic fungi. Moreover, this review critically evaluates the potential of endophytic fungi as alternative sources of bioactive “plant metabolites”. Results: Over the past few years, several promising lead structures from endophytic fungi have been described in the literature. In this review, 65 metabolites are outlined with pronounced biological activities, primarily as antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents. Some of these metabolites have shown to be highly selective or to possess novel mechanisms of action, which hold great promises as potential drug candidates. Conclusion: Endophytes represent an inexhaustible reservoir of pharmacologically important compounds. Moreover, endophytic fungi could be exploited for the sustainable production of bioactive “plant metabolites” in the future. Towards this aim, further insights into the dynamic endophyte - host plant interactions and origin of endophytic fungal genes would be of utmost importance.

scholarly journals Marine endophytic fungi associated with Halopteris scoparia (Linnaeus) Sauvageau as producers of bioactive secondary metabolites with potential dermocosmetic application

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0250954
Author(s):  
Maria da Luz Calado ◽  
Joana Silva ◽  
Celso Alves ◽  
Patrícia Susano ◽  
Débora Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Marine Fungi ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Halopteris Scoparia ◽  
First Time

Marine fungi and, particularly, endophytic species have been recognised as one of the most prolific sources of structurally new and diverse bioactive secondary metabolites with multiple biotechnological applications. Despite the increasing number of bioprospecting studies, very few have already evaluated the cosmeceutical potential of marine fungal compounds. Thus, this study focused on a frequent seaweed in the Portuguese coast, Halopteris scoparia, to identify the endophytic marine fungi associated with this host, and assess their ability to biosynthesise secondary metabolites with antioxidative, enzymatic inhibitory (hyaluronidase, collagenase, elastase and tyrosinase), anti-inflammatory, photoprotective, and antimicrobial (Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Malassezia furfur) activities. The results revealed eight fungal taxa included in the Ascomycota, and in the most representative taxonomic classes in marine ecosystems (Eurotiomycetes, Sordariomycetes and Dothideomycetes). These fungi were reported for the first time in Portugal and in association with H. scoparia, as far as it is known. The screening analyses showed that most of these endophytic fungi were producers of compounds with relevant biological activities, though those biosynthesised by Penicillium sect. Exilicaulis and Aspergillus chevalieri proved to be the most promising ones for being further exploited by dermocosmetic industry. The chemical analysis of the crude extract from an isolate of A. chevalieri revealed the presence of two bioactive compounds, echinulin and neoechinulin A, which might explain the high antioxidant and UV photoprotective capacities exhibited by the extract. These noteworthy results emphasised the importance of screening the secondary metabolites produced by these marine endophytic fungal strains for other potential bioactivities, and the relevance of investing more efforts in understanding the ecology of halo/osmotolerant fungi.

scholarly journals Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from the Mangrove Endophytic Fungi Nigrospora oryzae

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1016
Author(s):  
Antonius Rolling Basa Ola ◽  
Titus Lapailaka ◽  
Hermania Em Wogo ◽  
Julinda Bendalina Dengga Henuk ◽  
Agnes Simamora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Chemical Investigation ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Nigrospora Oryzae

Mangrove forest has a distinctive habitat adapting with marine and terrestrial environment. Chemical investigation of the extract from mangrove endophytic fungi Nigrospora oryzae had resulted in the isolation of sterigmatocystin (1) and pestalopyrone (2). The structure of sterigmatocystin (1) and pestalopyrone (2) were elucidated using mass, UV and NMR spectrometers together with the comparison with the literature data. The study also showed that sterigmatocystin displayed moderate cytotoxicity but it could be further developed as antiviral and antibacterial agent based on the SAR information reported from its analogue and derivatives.

scholarly journals Proteomic profile of Piper tuberculatum (Piperaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Cotinguiba ◽  
S. N. López ◽  
I. G. F. Budzinski ◽  
C. A. Labate ◽  
M. J. Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Proteomic Profile ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Proteomic Study ◽  
Molecular Information

Abstract Piper tuberculatum (Piperaceae) is a species that accumulates especially amides as secondary metabolites and several biological activities was previously reported. In this article, we report a proteomic study of P. tuberculatum. Bidimensional electrophoresis (2D SDS-PAGE) and mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF) were used in this study. Over a hundred spots and various peptides were identified in this species and the putative functions of these peptides related to defense mechanism as biotic and abiotic stress were assigned. The information presented extend the range of molecular information of P. tuberculatum.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata L.)

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012052
Author(s):  
H Oktarina ◽  
D R Adithia ◽  
T Chamzurni
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Morphological Characteristic ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Mandarin Orange

Abstract Endophytic fungi are recognised for producing secondary metabolites that have an effect on the host, such as promoting growth and enhancing plant resilience to biotic and abiotic stress. The objective of this study was to explore endophytic fungi from Citrus reticulata. The endophytic fungi were isolated from both healthy and infected roots, stems, and twigs of C. reticulata. The materials were sterilised and inoculated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media. The fungi grown were transferred onto fresh PDA plates and identified based on their morphological characteristic, including colonial features, hyphae type, and reproduction structure. Five endophytic fungi were identified as Colletotrichum sp. AJSH2-1, Cylindrocladium sp. BJSH1-2, Rhizopus sp. RJSH1-1, Mucor sp. RJSH1-2, and Aspergillus sp. BJSH1-1. Further study is required to understand the ability of the identified genera in protecting the host from plant disease as well as promoting growth.

scholarly journals Monoterpenes and Their Derivatives—Recent Development in Biological and Medical Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7078
Author(s):  
Mariola Zielińska-Błajet ◽  
Joanna Feder-Kubis
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Biological And Medical Applications

Monoterpenes, comprising hydrocarbons, are the largest class of plant secondary metabolites and are commonly found in essential oils. Monoterpenes and their derivatives are key ingredients in the design and production of new biologically active compounds. This review focuses on selected aliphatic, monocyclic, and bicyclic monoterpenes like geraniol, thymol, myrtenal, pinene, camphor, borneol, and their modified structures. The compounds in question play a pivotal role in biological and medical applications. The review also discusses anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, analgesic, antiviral, anticancer, antituberculosis, and antioxidant biological activities exhibited by monoterpenes and their derivatives. Particular attention is paid to the link between biological activity and the effect of structural modification of monoterpenes and monoterpenoids, as well as the introduction of various functionalized moieties into the molecules in question.

scholarly journals Endophytic Fungi from Terminalia Species: A Comprehensive Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufin Marie Kouipou Toghueo ◽  
Fabrice Fekam Boyom
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Insight Into

Endophytic fungi have proven their usefulness for drug discovery, as suggested by the structural complexity and chemical diversity of their secondary metabolites. The diversity and biological activities of endophytic fungi from the Terminalia species have been reported. Therefore, we set out to discuss the influence of seasons, locations, and even the plant species on the diversity of endophytic fungi, as well as their biological activities and secondary metabolites isolated from potent strains. Our investigation reveals that among the 200–250 Terminalia species reported, only thirteen species have been studied so far for their endophytic fungi content. Overall, more than 47 fungi genera have been reported from the Terminalia species, and metabolites produced by some of these fungi exhibited diverse biological activities including antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypercholesterolemic, anticancer, and biocontrol varieties. Moreover, more than 40 compounds with eighteen newly described secondary metabolites were reported; among these, metabolites are the well-known anticancer drugs, a group that includes taxol, antioxidant compounds, isopestacin, and pestacin. This summary of data illustrates the considerable diversity and biological potential of fungal endophytes of the Terminalia species and gives insight into important findings while paving the way for future investigations.

Bioactive secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms associated with plants

Biologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Firáková ◽  
Mária Šturdíková ◽  
Marta Múčková
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
The Past ◽  
Endophytic Microorganisms ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites

AbstractIn the past few decades groups of scientists have focused their study on relatively new microorganisms called endophytes. By definition these microorganisms, mostly fungi and bacteria, colonise the intercellular spaces of the plant tissues. The mutual relationship between endophytic microorganisms and their host plants, taxanomy and ecology of endophytes are being studied. Some of these microorganisms produce bioactive secondary metabolites that may be involved in a host-endophyte relationship. Recently, many endophytic bioactive metabolites, known as well as new substances, possesing a wide variety of biological activities as antibiotic, antitumor, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, etc. have been identified. The microorganisms such as endophytes may be very interesting for biotechnological production of bioactive substances as medicinally important agents. Therefore the aim of this review is to briefly characterize endophytes and summarize the structuraly different bioactive secondary metabolites produced by endophytic microorganisms as well as microbial sources of these metabolites and their host plants.

scholarly journals Structures and Bioactivities of Steroidal Saponins Isolated from the Genera Dracaena and Sansevieria

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1916
Author(s):  
Zaw Min Thu ◽  
Sann Myint Oo ◽  
Thinn Myat Nwe ◽  
Hnin Thanda Aung ◽  
Chabaco Armijos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Steroidal Saponins ◽  
Structural Motifs ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The species Dracaena and Sansevieria, that are well-known for different uses in traditional medicines and as indoor ornamental plants with air purifying property, are rich sources of bioactive secondary metabolites. In fact, a wide variety of phytochemical constituents have been isolated so far from about seventeen species. This paper has reviewed the literature of about 180 steroidal saponins, isolated from Dracaena and Sansevieria species, as a basis for further studies. Saponins are among the most characteristic metabolites isolated from the two genera. They show a great variety in structural motifs and a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-proliferative effects and, in most case, remarkable cytotoxic properties.

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