scholarly journals The Application of Trichoderma Strains or Metabolites Alters the Olive Leaf Metabolome and the Expression of Defense-Related Genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Roberta Marra ◽  
Mariangela Coppola ◽  
Angela Pironti ◽  
Filomena Grasso ◽  
Nadia Lombardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Olive Leaf ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Olive Trees

Biocontrol fungal strains of the genus Trichoderma can antagonize numerous plant pathogens and promote plant growth using different mechanisms of action, including the production of secondary metabolites (SMs). In this work we analyzed the effects of repeated applications of selected Trichoderma strains or SMs on young olive trees on the stimulation of plant growth and on the development of olive leaf spot disease caused by Fusicladium oleagineum. In addition, metabolomic analyses and gene expression profiles of olive leaves were carried out by LC–MS Q-TOF and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. A total of 104 phenolic compounds were detected from olive leave extracts and 20 were putatively identified. Targeted and untargeted approaches revealed significant differences in both the number and type of phenolic compounds accumulated in olive leaves after Trichoderma applications, as compared to water-treated plants. Different secoiridoids were less abundant in treated plants than in controls, while the accumulation of flavonoids (including luteolin and apigenin derivatives) increased following the application of specific Trichoderma strain. The induction of defense-related genes, and of genes involved in the synthesis of the secoiridoid oleuropein, was also analyzed and revealed a significant variation of gene expression according to the strain or metabolite applied.

Biological control of Peacock spot disease caused by Spilocaea oleagina on Olive using bacteria.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Mazen Salman
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Olive Leaf ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Chemical Fungicides

The olive leaf spot disease caused by the fungus Spilocaea oleagina (Cast.) Hughes (syn. Cycloconium oleagina) is one of the most destructive diseases on olive trees causing losses that may reach 20% of the yield. The disease is controlled by the application of chemical fungicides which is not always feasible in providing proper protection against the pathogen. In this work we report the efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescenc isolate ORS3 and Bascillus atrophaeus isolate Bat in controlling the disease under field conditions. An Olive field in, Tulkarm governorate, Palestine was selected. The olive trees were 5-10 years old and were highly infected with the olive leaf spot. Trees were sprayed with bacteria formulated in oil. Control trees were sprayed with water. For evaluation of bacterial efficacy against the disease, olive leaves were collected before and after application of the bacteria. Germination of conidia latent infection and severity were determined. In addition to that, bacterial viability was assessed. Results of the work revealed that the bacteria were able to inhibit conidial germination of the fungus. The percent of reduction in conidial germination (85.8 and 70.2%) in the presence of P. fluorescenc isolate ORS and B. atrophaeus isolate Bat, respectively was significantly lower than that in the control or in leaves sprayed with 10% oil (69.1 and 56.1%, respectively). After two weeks of spraying, the percent of latent infectoin (figure 4) was significantly (p<0.05) lower on leaves sprayed with P. fluorescenc isolate ORS3 and B. atrophaeus isolate BAT (5.1 and 3.8% latent infection, respectively). However, bacterial shelf life on the surface of olive leaves was reduced after three days of spraying (i.e no bacteria were re-isolated). The results indicated that the bacteria can be used for control of the leaf spot disease. Further studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of the bacteria under different environmental conditions.

Biological control of Peacock spot disease caused by Spilocaea oleagina on Olive using bacteria.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Mazen Salman
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Olive Leaf ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Chemical Fungicides

The olive leaf spot disease caused by the fungus Spilocaea oleagina (Cast.) Hughes (syn. Cycloconium oleagina) is one of the most destructive diseases on olive trees causing losses that may reach 20% of the yield. The disease is controlled by the application of chemical fungicides which is not always feasible in providing proper protection against the pathogen. In this work we report the efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescenc isolate ORS3 and Bascillus atrophaeus isolate Bat in controlling the disease under field conditions. An Olive field in, Tulkarm governorate, Palestine was selected. The olive trees were 5-10 years old and were highly infected with the olive leaf spot. Trees were sprayed with bacteria formulated in oil. Control trees were sprayed with water. For evaluation of bacterial efficacy against the disease, olive leaves were collected before and after application of the bacteria. Germination of conidia latent infection and severity were determined. In addition to that, bacterial viability was assessed. Results of the work revealed that the bacteria were able to inhibit conidial germination of the fungus. The percent of reduction in conidial germination (85.8 and 70.2%) in the presence of P. fluorescenc isolate ORS and B. atrophaeus isolate Bat, respectively was significantly lower than that in the control or in leaves sprayed with 10% oil (69.1 and 56.1%, respectively). After two weeks of spraying, the percent of latent infectoin (figure 4) was significantly (p<0.05) lower on leaves sprayed with P. fluorescenc isolate ORS3 and B. atrophaeus isolate BAT (5.1 and 3.8% latent infection, respectively). However, bacterial shelf life on the surface of olive leaves was reduced after three days of spraying (i.e no bacteria were re-isolated). The results indicated that the bacteria can be used for control of the leaf spot disease. Further studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of the bacteria under different environmental conditions.

1327: Gene Expression Profiles in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 349-350
Author(s):  
Gaelle Fromont ◽  
Michel Vidaud ◽  
Alain Latil ◽  
Guy Vallancien ◽  
Pierre Validire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia
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