scholarly journals Impact of Postharvest Handling on Preharvest Latent Infections Caused by Monilinia spp. in Nectarines

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Carlos Garcia-Benitez ◽  
Carla Casals ◽  
Josep Usall ◽  
Ismael Sánchez-Ramos ◽  
Paloma Melgarejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Gompertz Model ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Latent Infections ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Physiological Time ◽  
Postharvest Handling

Latent infections caused by Monilinia spp. in nectarines cause great economic losses since they are not detected and rejected at harvest and can appear at any time post-harvest, even at the consumer’s home. The effect of a pre-cooling chamber, water dump operation, and cold-storage chamber on the activation and/or development of preharvest latent infections caused by Monilinia spp. on nectarines were studied under different postharvest conditions: (a) cold storage for 0, 1, or 3 d at 4 °C at either 75% relative humidity (RH) or 100% RH before water dumping, (b) water dumping for 10 minutes at 15 °C, and (c) cold storage for 0, 3, or 10 d at 4 °C at either 75% RH or 100% RH after water dumping. These storage conditions were transformed to fungal physiological time. For visualization of the latent infections caused by Monilinia spp., the nectarines were placed in sterile paper bags and frozen at −20 °C for 48 h in order to damage the epidermis. To compare different handling scenarios, the incidence of latent infection was modelled for physiological time description by a modified Gompertz model. The activation and/or development of preharvest natural latent infections caused by Monilinia spp. at postharvest was mainly related to temperature and incubation time at postharvest. Storing nectarines with any postharvest handling less than 11 days at 4 °C avoids brown rot symptoms and reduced the activation and/or development of pre-harvest latent infections caused by Monilinia spp., while more cold days caused the exponential phase of latent infection activation and/or development. The Gompertz model employed could be used for predicting the activation and/or development of latent infection caused by Monilinia spp. at postharvest conditions and looks at the postharvest life. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the effects of post-harvest handling on latent infections in fruit have been studied.

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Affecting Latent Infection and Sporulation of Monilinia fructicola on Prune Fruit

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 999-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Luo ◽  
Zhonghua Ma ◽  
Themis J. Michailides
Keyword(s):  
Latent Infection ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Latent Infections ◽  
Inoculum Concentration ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Causal Pathogen ◽  
Significant Factors

Two studies were conducted to determine the effects of water content (WC) on sporulation on thinned fruit and the effects of wetness duration, inoculum density, and temperature on secondary infection of prune fruit by Monilinia fructicola, the main causal pathogen of brown rot in California. In the first study, sporulation intensity and duration of sporulation of the pathogen were tested on inoculated thinned fruit with five levels (67.2, 53.8, 40.3, 26.9, and 13.4%) of WC. Regression analyses showed that both sporulation intensity and duration of sporulation increased as WC of thinned fruit increased. The predicted difference in duration of sporulation between fruit with 13.4 and 67.2% WC was about 3 days. In the second study, three inoculum concentrations (8,000, 16,000, and 24,000 conidia per milliliter) of M. fructicola were atomized onto prune fruit on trees in an orchard. Inoculated fruit and shoots were covered with plastic bags to maintain wetness duration for 4, 8, 12, or 16 h. An overnight freezing and incubation technique was used after harvest to determine the proportion of fruit with latent infection. Regression analysis demonstrated that inoculum concentration and wetness duration were significant factors affecting secondary infection. Temperature was less important. Increased inoculum concentration and wetness duration increased the percentage of fruit with latent infections. Increased temperature decreased the percentage of fruit with latent infections.

scholarly journals Post-harvest conservation of “Benitaka” table grapes with different SO2−generating pads and plastic liners under cold storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
S. Roberto ◽  
O. Junior ◽  
D. Muhlbeier ◽  
R. Koyama ◽  
S. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dual Release

This work aimed at evaluating the post-harvest conservation of “Benitaka” table grape by using different types of SO2-generating pads and perforated plastic liners under cold storage. The grapes were harvested from off-season crop 2018 in a commercial vineyard located at Cambira, PR, Brazil. The completely randomized design was used with four replications in a 2-factor arrangement with an additional treatment [(4 × 3) + 1], and the following factors were evaluated: a) SO2-generating pads (slow release containing 7 g of active ingredient – a.i.; slow release containing 4 g of a.i.; dual release containing 5 g of a.i.; and dual release containing 8 g of a.i.); and b) perforated plastic liners (0.3%, 0.9% and 1.0% of ventilation areas). The additional treatment did not contain any type of SO2-generating pad, only standard microperforated plastic liner (1% of ventilation area). The bunches were packed in 0.5 kg-capacity plastic clamshells, which were placed in a corrugated carton box with the different combinations of SO2-generating pads and plastic liners under cold storage at 1 ∘C with high relative humidity (>90%). The treatments were evaluated at 30 and 45 days after the beginning of the cold storage, recording the incidence of gray mold, shattered berries, stem browning, mass loss and berry firmness. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey's test at 5%. The use of dual release SO2-generating pads containing 5 g or 8 g of a.i., as well the slow release pads with 7 g of a.i., are efficient to control the incidence of gray mold in “Benitaka” table grapes packaged in plastic clamshells and kept under cold storage at 1 ∘C up to 45 days. In these storage conditions, the use of perforated plastic liners with 0.3% of ventilation area or the micro perforated with 1.0% of ventilation area, result in the lowest bunch mass loss and shattered berries.

scholarly journals Effect of Post-Harvest Treatments on Physiochemical Properties of Indian Jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) during Ambient and Cold Storage Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 430-438
Author(s):  
Jitendra Singh Shivran ◽  
L. N. Bairwa ◽  
M. R. Choudhary ◽  
R. K. Jat ◽  
Asha Jat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Ziziphus Mauritiana ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Ambient Storage

The effect of post-harvest application of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and gibberellic acid (GA3) on physiochemical properties of ber fruits were studied. Mature ber fruits cv. Umran were dipped in aqueous solutions of calcium chloride (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) and gibberellic acid (20, 40 and 60 ppm), for 5 minutes and packed in netlon bags for storage under ambient and cold storage conditions. Ber fruits treated with 1.5% CaCl2 could be stored for longer duration in both storage conditions with higher retention of physiochemical quality of the fruits. Results revealed that physiological loss in weight, fruit weight, palatability rating, titratable acidity showed a declining trend with advancement of storage period and other parameters i.e. total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, reducing sugar, and total sugars showed an increase up to 9 days in ambient storage condition and up to 12 days in cold storage condition, but after 9 days in ambient storage condition and after 12 days in cold storage condition, a decline trend was observed in these parameters respectively. Storage life was extended to 9 days and 15 days of ber fruits treated with 1.5% CaCl2 under ambient and cold storage conditions, respectively.

scholarly journals Incidence of Latent Infection of Immature Peach Fruit by Monilinia fructicola and Relationship to Brown Rot in Georgia

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 853-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Emery ◽  
T. J. Michailides ◽  
H. Scherm
Keyword(s):  
Latent Infection ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Biological Indicator ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Latent Infections ◽  
Ripening Stage ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Immature Fruit

Peach fruit are most susceptible to infection by Monilinia fructicola during the preharvest ripening stage. Although various sources of inoculum for preharvest infection have been characterized, the role of latent infection of immature fruit in the carryover of M. fructicola from the spring (blossom blight phase) to the preharvest period (fruit rot phase) is unknown for the southeastern United States. From 1997 to 1999, immature peach fruit were collected at 14-day intervals from orchards in middle and northern Georgia. Fruit were surface disinfested and treated with paraquat (1997) or frozen overnight (1998 and 1999) to induce tissue senescence and activate latent infections. Across sites and years, the incidence of latent infection remained low until the final sampling date 7 to 12 days before harvest. The incidence of latent infection on the final sampling date ranged from 0 to 22.0% and correlated significantly with both the incidence of blossom blight earlier in the season (r = 0.9077, P = 0.0332) and the incidence of fruit rot at harvest (r = 0.9966, P = 0.0034). There also was a significant association between the incidence of latent infection at the onset of pit hardening (between 7 and 10 weeks before harvest) and subsequent fruit rot incidence (r = 0.9763, P = 0.0237). Weather variables (cumulative rainfall or rainfall frequency) alone did not correlate with fruit rot incidence (P > 0.05), whereas combined latent infection-rainfall variables did. The results suggest that latent infections can serve as a source of inoculum for subsequent fruit rot in peach orchards in Georgia. Despite its significant association with fruit rot incidence, the potential for using latent infection incidence as a biological indicator of disease risk at harvest may be limited; the assessment of latent infection during the fruit ripening stage (similar to the timing of the final sampling date in this study) would not provide sufficient lead time for preharvest disease management decisions, whereas an earlier assessment (e.g., at the onset of pit hardening) would require large sample sizes due to the low incidence of latent infection present during that period.

scholarly journals Peach brown rot control and the relationship of latent infection with postharvest disease

Revista CERES ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 517-526
Author(s):  
Elizandra Pivotto Pavanello ◽  
Magno Roberto Pasquetti Berghett ◽  
Erani Eliseu Schultz ◽  
Fabio Rodrigo Thewes ◽  
Suele Fernanda Prediger Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Infection ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
Latent Infections ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT The peach brown rot, caused by Monilinia fructicola, is the main disease of the crop, causing significant losses during preharvest and postharvest. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of preharvest fungicide application on brown rot control and verify the role of latent infection and external contamination in postharvest disease. An experiment was carried out in the years 2014 and 2015 in order to evaluate the performance of six active ingredients (captan, iprodione, iminoctadine, tebuconazole, difenoconazole and azoxystrobin) during preharvest on brown rot control and the effect on latent infection. A second experiment was carried out to monitor the latent infection during growth and ripening of the fruit and in order to correlate it with the postharvest disease incidence. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (Anova) and the means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test (p < 0.05), using statistical software Sisvar. The active ingredients iprodione, tebuconazole and difenoconazole were the most efficient in controlling brown rot on the field, while iminoctadine has higher efficiency during postharvest control, acting on latent infections. The incidence of latent infections during fruit growth and ripening has a positive correlation with brown rot incidence at postharvest. The highest disease incidence after storage is due to the latent infections manifestation. Effective chemical control in the field, throughout the growing and ripening of fruit, is an important approach to postharvest brown rot control, even after cold storage and during shelf life at 20 °C.

scholarly journals Post harvest Handling of Cut Dahlia, Lupinus, Papaver, and Rudbeckia

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1123C-1123
Author(s):  
John M. Dole ◽  
Frankie L. Fanelli ◽  
William C. Fonteno ◽  
Beth Harden ◽  
Sylvia M. Blankenship
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Floral Buds ◽  
Postharvest Handling ◽  
Processing Solution

Optimum postharvest handling procedures were determined for Dahlia `Karma Thalia', Lupinusmutabilis ssp. cruickshankii`Sunrise', Papaver nudicaule `Temptress', and Rudbeckia`Indian Summer.' Dahlia harvested fully open had a vase life of 7–10 days in deionized (DI) water that was increased by 1.5–2 days using commercial holding solutions (Chrysal Professional 2 Processing Solution or Floralife Professional). Neither floral foam nor 0.1–1.0 ppm ethylene had any effect on vase life. One week of cold storage at 1 °C reduced vase life up to 2 days. The longest vase life, 12–13 days, was obtained when floral buds, showing a minimum of 50% color, were harvested at the breaking stage (one petal open) and placed in 2% or 4% sucrose or a commercial holding solution. Lupinus flowers held in DI water lasted 8–12 days; 1 week cold storage at 1 °C reduced vase life by 3 days. Florets and buds abscised or failed to open when exposed to ethylene; STS pretreatment prevented the effects of ethylene. Commercial holding solutions increased Papaver vase life to 7–8 days from 5.5 days for stems held in DI water. While stems could be cold stored for 1 week at 1 °C with no decrease in vase life, 2 weeks of cold storage reduced vase life. Flowers were not affected by foam or ethylene. Rudbeckia had a vase life of 27–37 days and no treatments extended vase life. Stems could be stored at 2 °C for up to 2 weeks and were not ethylene sensitive. Floral foam reduced the vase life over 50%, but still resulted in a 13-day vase life.

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