scholarly journals Fungal Pigments: Potential Coloring Compounds for Wide Ranging Applications in Textile Dyeing

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidambaram Kulandaisamy Venil ◽  
Palanivel Velmurugan ◽  
Laurent Dufossé ◽  
Ponnuswamy Renuka Devi ◽  
Arumugam Veera Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Genetic Manipulations ◽  
Textile Fabrics ◽  
Natural Colorants ◽  
Synthetic Colorants ◽  
Synthetic Pigments ◽  
Fungal Pigments

Synthetic pigments/non-renewable coloring sources used normally in the textile industry release toxic substances into the environment, causing perilous ecological challenges. To be safer from such challenges of synthetic colorants, academia and industries have explored the use of natural colorants such as microbial pigments. Such explorations have created a fervent interest among textile stakeholders to undertake the dyeing of textile fabrics, especially with fungal pigments. The biodegradable and sustainable production of natural colorants from fungal sources stand as being comparatively advantageous to synthetic dyes. The prospective scope of fungal pigments has emerged in the opening of many new avenues in textile colorants for wide ranging applications. Applying the biotechnological processes, fungal pigments like carotenoids, melanins, flavins, phenazines, quinones, monascins, violacein, indigo, etc. could be extracted on an industrial scale. This review appraises the studies and applications of various fungal pigments in dyeing textile fabrics and is furthermore shedding light on the importance of toxicity testing, genetic manipulations of fungal pigments, and their future perspectives under biotechnological approaches.

scholarly journals Preliminary Examination of the Toxicity of Spalting Fungal Pigments: A Comparison between Extraction Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Badria H. Almurshidi ◽  
R.C. Van Court ◽  
Sarath M. Vega Gutierrez ◽  
Stacey Harper ◽  
Bryan Harper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Significant Toxicity ◽  
Natural Colorants ◽  
Industrial Adoption ◽  
Synthetic Colorants ◽  
Fungal Pigments

Spalting fungal pigments have shown potential in technologies ranging from green energy generation to natural colorants. However, their unknown toxicity has been a barrier to industrial adoption. In order to gain an understanding of the safety of the pigments, zebrafish embryos were exposed to multiple forms of liquid media and solvent-extracted pigments with concentrations of purified pigment ranging from 0 to 50 mM from Chlorociboria aeruginosa, Chlorociboria aeruginascens, and Scytalidium cuboideum. Purified xylindein from Chlorociboria sp. did not show toxicity at any tested concentration, while the red pigment dramada from S. cuboideum was only associated with significant toxicity above 23.2 uM. However, liquid cultures and pigment extracted into dichloromethane (DCM) showed toxicity, suggesting the co-production of bioactive secondary metabolites. Future research on purification and the bioavailability of the red dramada pigment will be important to identify appropriate use; however, purified forms of the blue-green pigment xylindein are likely safe for use across industries. This opens the door to the adoption of green technologies based on these pigments, with potential to replace synthetic colorants and less stable natural pigments.

scholarly journals Carotenoids as Natural Colorful Additives for the Food Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Lourenço-Lopes ◽  
Anxo Carreira-Casais ◽  
Maria Fraga-Corral ◽  
Paula Garcia-Oliveira ◽  
Antón Soria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Natural Colorants ◽  
Synthetic Colorants ◽  
Synthetic Pigments ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Pure Hydrocarbon

The application of natural colorants is increasing in the food industry because they are considered safer and healthier than some synthetic pigments. Natural colorants can improve the organoleptic properties of foodstuffs, provide additional benefits such as enhance their nutritional value and/or extend shelf-life. Plants, fungi, bacteria or algae naturally produce different natural colorants, including carotenoids. These compounds are classified into two main groups: pure hydrocarbon carotenes (α- and β-carotenes, lycopene) and oxygenated derivatives of xanthophylls (lutein, zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, cryptoxanthin, etc.). Carotenoids have been related with beneficial properties like antioxidant, antidiabetic, antitumor or antimicrobial, so they are a natural and healthy alternative to the use of synthetic colorants. Thus, it is critical to optimize their extraction, by utilizing novel and green techniques, and their stability through encapsulation processes. This chapter aims to review natural sources of carotenoids, strategies to efficiently extract and produce them and their potential application as food colorants.

scholarly journals Fungal Pigments and Their Prospects in Different Industries

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay C. Lagashetti ◽  
Laurent Dufossé ◽  
Sanjay K. Singh ◽  
Paras N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Natural Pigments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Synthetic Pigments ◽  
Fungal Pigments

The public’s demand for natural, eco-friendly, and safe pigments is significantly increasing in the current era. Natural pigments, especially fungal pigments, are receiving more attention and seem to be in high demand worldwide. The immense advantages of fungal pigments over other natural or synthetic pigments have opened new avenues in the market for a wide range of applications in different industries. In addition to coloring properties, other beneficial attributes of fungal pigments, such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activity, have expanded their use in different sectors. This review deals with the study of fungal pigments and their applications and sheds light on future prospects and challenges in the field of fungal pigments. Furthermore, the possible application of fungal pigments in the textile industry is also addressed.

scholarly journals Dye Removal from Water and Wastewater Using Various Physical, Chemical, and Biological Processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 1371-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Piaskowski ◽  
Renata Świderska-Dąbrowska ◽  
Paweł K Zarzycki
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Exchange Adsorption ◽  
Water Ecosystems ◽  
Synthetic Colorants

Abstract Synthetic dyes or colorants are key chemicals for various industries producing textiles, food, cosmetics, pharmaceutics, printer inks, leather, and plastics. Nowadays, the textile industry is the major consumer of dyes. The mass of synthetic colorants used by this industry is estimated at the level of 1 ÷ 3 × 105 tons, in comparison with the total annual consumption of around 7 × 105 tons worldwide. Synthetic dyes are relatively easy to detect but difficult to eliminate from wastewater and surface water ecosystems because of their aromatic chemical structure. It should be highlighted that the relatively high stability of synthetic dyes leads to health and ecological concerns due to their toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic nature. Currently, removal of such chemicals from wastewater involves various techniques, including flocculation/coagulation, precipitation, photocatalytic degradation, biological oxidation, ion exchange, adsorption, and membrane filtration. In this review, a number of classical and modern technologies for synthetic dye removal from industry-originated wastewater were summarized and discussed. There is an increasing interest in the application of waste organic materials (e.g., compounds extracted from orange bagasse, fungus biosorbent, or green algal biomasses) as effective, low-cost, and ecologically friendly sorbents. Moreover, a number of dye removal processes are based on newly discovered carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes and graphene as well as their derivatives).

Toxicology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Laumbach ◽  
Michael Gochfeld
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Body Distribution ◽  
Threshold Doses

This chapter describes the basic principles of toxicology and their application to occupational and environmental health. Topics covered include pathways that toxic substances may take from sources in the environment to molecular targets in the cells of the body where toxic effects occur. These pathways include routes of exposure, absorption into the body, distribution to organs and tissues, metabolism, storage, and excretion. The various types of toxicological endpoints are discussed, along with the concepts of dose-response relationships, threshold doses, and the basis of interindividual differences and interspecies differences in response to exposure to toxic substances. The diversity of cellular and molecular mechanisms of toxicity, including enzyme induction and inhibition, oxidative stress, mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, and teratogenesis, are discussed and the chapter concludes with examples of practical applications in clinical evaluation and in toxicity testing.

Finishing System Based on Ultrasonic Computerized Processes for Textiles

2014 ◽  
Vol 658 ◽  
pp. 666-671
Author(s):  
Florin Pantilimonescu ◽  
Lucian Constantin Hanganu ◽  
Mihaita Peptanariu ◽  
Stefan Grigoras ◽  
Irina Ionescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
High Work

During conventional finishing textile processes it is necessary a big consumption both of water and energy. This aspectsare is imposed by the development process of thermo and mass transfer of finishing agents into the textile structure materials applied in dentistry (fibers, yarns, fabric, nonwovens). The intensification of transfer processes into the textile materials is realized in conventional finishing textile industry (washing, cleaning, and coloring) by using high work temperature. The negative result of this intervention and the presence of chemical substances without degradation mean the environment pollution by the pour out residual water with a great quantity of toxic substances. The recently laboratory scientific research showed that the use of ultrasonic systems in finishing textile materials contributes both to the acceleration of thermo and mass transfer and to the decreasing of active chemical substances. In this way the paper presents a finishing system based on ultrasonic processes which is composed by modules and specific hardware components.

Bark Extracts as Multifunctional Finishing Agents for Technical Textiles: A Scientific Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Paribha Vashist ◽  
Santanu Basak ◽  
Wazed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Scientific Review ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Textile Fabrics ◽  
Technical Textiles ◽  
Synthetic Agents

Bark extracts are important sources of natural dyes. They possess many functional properties of potential interest to the textile industry. Currently, textiles with eco-friendly functional finishing are increasingly sought for in medical and protective clothing due to stringent environmental laws and the associated toxicity of synthetic agents. In view of this, recent studies on bark extracts for multi-functional finishing of textiles, particularly for antimicrobial and UV protective finishing, is reviewed. Bark extracts from various trees are able to effectively impart antimicrobial resistance and UV protection properties to treated fabrics; however, their long-term sustenance and strength depend on a multitude of factors. However, the application of bark extracts on several types of textile fabrics have no significant impact on textile quality.

scholarly journals Bacterial Pigments: The Bioactivities and as an Alternative for Therapeutic Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adzzie-Shazleen Azman ◽  
Christina-Injan Mawang ◽  
Sazaly Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Natural Pigments ◽  
Synthetic Pigments ◽  
Coloring Agents ◽  
Bacterial Pigments

Synthetic pigments have been widely used in various applications since the 1980s. However, the hyperallergenicity or carcinogenicity effects of synthetic dyes have led to the increased research on natural pigments. Among the natural resources, bacterial pigments are a good alternative to synthetic pigments because of their significant properties. Bacterial pigments are also one of the emerging fields of research since it offers promising opportunities for different applications. Besides its use as safe coloring agents in the cosmetic and food industry, bacterial pigments also possess biological properties such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant and anticancer activities. This review article highlights the various types of bacterial pigments, the latest studies on the discovery of bacterial pigments and the therapeutic insights of these bacterial pigments which hopefully provides useful information, guidance and improvement in future study.

scholarly journals Machine Vision-Based Pilling Assessment: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892501501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocco Furferi ◽  
Lapo Governi ◽  
Yary Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Machine Vision ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Automatic Machine ◽  
Defect Assessment ◽  
Textile Fabrics ◽  
Textile Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Fabric Surface

Pilling is an undesired defect of textile fabrics, consisting of a surface characterized by a number of roughly spherical masses made of entangled fibers. Mainly caused by the abrasion of fabric surface occurring during washing and wearing of fabrics, this defect needs to be accurately controlled and measured by companies working in the textile industry. Pilling measurement is traditionally performed using manual procedures involving visual control of fabric surface by human experts. Since the early nineties, great efforts in developing automatic and non-intrusive methods for pilling measurement have been made all around the world with the final aim of overcoming traditional, visual-based and subjective procedures. Machine Vision proved to be among the best options to perform such defect assessment since it provided increasingly performing measurement equipment and tools, serving the purpose of automatic control. In particular, a relevant number of interesting works have been proposed so far, sharing the idea of helping (or even replacing) traditional measurement methods using image processing-based ones. The present work provides a rational and chronological review of the most relevant methods for pilling measurement proposed so far. This work serves the purposes of 1) understanding whether today's automatic machine vision-based pilling measurement techniques are ready for supplanting traditional pilling measurement and 2) providing textile technology researchers with a bird's eye view of the main methods studied to confront with this problem.

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