scholarly journals Nanomaterial-Mediated Theranostics for Vascular Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Swati Agrawal ◽  
Sunil K. Nooti ◽  
Harbinder Singh ◽  
Vikrant Rai
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Diagnostic Agents ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Complementary Strategy

Nanotechnology could offer a new complementary strategy for the treatment of vascular diseases including coronary, carotid, or peripheral arterial disease due to narrowing or blockage of the artery caused by atherosclerosis. These arterial diseases manifest correspondingly as angina and myocardial infarction, stroke, and intermittent claudication of leg muscles during exercise. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis involves biological events at the cellular and molecular level, thus targeting these using nanomaterials precisely and effectively could result in a better outcome. Nanotechnology can mitigate the pathological events by enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of the therapeutic agent by delivering it at the point of a lesion in a controlled and efficacious manner. Further, combining therapeutics with imaging will enhance the theranostic ability in atherosclerosis. Additionally, nanoparticles can provide a range of delivery systems for genes, proteins, cells, and drugs, which individually or in combination can address various problems within the arteries. Imaging studies combined with nanoparticles helps in evaluating the disease progression as well as the response to the treatment because imaging and diagnostic agents can be delivered precisely to the targeted destinations via nanocarriers. This review focuses on the use of nanotechnology in theranostics of coronary artery and peripheral arterial disease.

Thrombin-induced Hyperactivity of Platelets of Young Stroke Patients

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 931-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristof Vanschoonbeek ◽  
Marion Feijge ◽  
Jeffrey Keuren ◽  
H. Hemker ◽  
Jan Lodder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Platelet Response ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Protease Activated Receptor 1 ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

SummaryActivated platelets are implicated in the development of premature arterial vascular diseases, in particular ischemic stroke. Since elevated cytosolic [Ca2+]i is an integrative marker of platelet activation, we determined the generation of Ca2+ signal in stimulated platelets from 26 young patients recuperating from stroke, 20 patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease, and 56 healthy volunteers. Even in the presence of aspirin, the platelets from various individuals showed highly different thrombin-induced Ca2+ responses. On average, the thrombin-induced Ca2+ response was increased for platelets from either patient group in comparison to the controls (P <0.04). Relatively more stroke patients had high-responsive platelets (27%, 7/26) than patients with peripheral arterial disease (10%, 2/20) or healthy subjects (4%, 2/56). The average prothrombinase activities of platelets from patients and controls were similar, but 3 out of 6 patients with increased thrombin-induced Ca2+ responses also exhibited high prothrombinase activity. In a follow-up study, the subject-dependent thrombin-induced Ca2+ response was found to correlate strongly with the platelet response to protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) agonist (r = 0.91), but was not linked to the PlA1/2 polymorphism. It is concluded that a significant part of young patients with stroke have platelets with hyperactivity toward thrombin, which is not normalised by aspirin treatment. Furthermore, the subject-dependent variation in thrombin-induced signalling is likely to involve PAR1-mediated platelet activation.

Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
WILLIAM E. GOLDEN ◽  
ROBERT H. HOPKINS
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Surgical and endovascular hybrid approach in peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs

VASA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk Grandjean ◽  
Katia Iglesias ◽  
Céline Dubuis ◽  
Sébastien Déglise ◽  
Jean-Marc Corpataux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Limb Salvage ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Early Mortality ◽  
Secondary Patency ◽  
Limb Salvage Rate ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Salvage Rate

Abstract. Background: Multilevel peripheral arterial disease is frequently observed in patients with intermittent claudication or critical limb ischemia. This report evaluates the efficacy of one-stage hybrid revascularization in patients with multilevel arterial peripheral disease. Patients and methods: A retrospective analysis of a prospective database included all consecutive patients treated by a hybrid approach for a multilevel arterial peripheral disease. The primary outcome was the patency rate at 6 months and 1 year. Secondary outcomes were early and midterm complication rate, limb salvage and mortality rate. Statistical analysis, including a Kaplan-Meier estimate and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were carried out with the primary, primary assisted and secondary patency, comparing the impact of various risk factors in pre- and post-operative treatments. Results: 64 patients were included in the study, with a mean follow-up time of 428 days (range: 4 − 1140). The technical success rate was 100 %. The primary, primary assisted and secondary patency rates at 1 year were 39 %, 66 % and 81 %, respectively. The limb-salvage rate was 94 %. The early mortality rate was 3.1 %. Early and midterm complication rates were 15.4 % and 6.4 %, respectively. The early mortality rate was 3.1 %. Conclusions: The hybrid approach is a major alternative in the treatment of peripheral arterial disease in multilevel disease and comorbid patients, with low complication and mortality rates and a high limb-salvage rate.

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