scholarly journals An Investigation of the Ship Safety Distance for Bridges across Waterways Based on Traffic Distribution

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo-Ju Son ◽  
Jeong-Seok Lee ◽  
Hyeong-Tak Lee ◽  
Ik-Soon Cho
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Safe Distance ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Safety Distance ◽  
Traffic Distribution ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Ship Safety

For ship passage safety, a bridge across a waterway is a risk for accidents. However, no standard for the safe distance between a bridge and a ship is available in Korea. The UK MCA considers the 90% confidence interval of traffic distribution as the acceptable passage range, using it for measuring the separation between offshore wind farms. In this study, an optimal ship safety distance is proposed by evaluating traffic distribution at the Incheon and Busan harbor bridges and analyzing the confidence intervals. The results, based on the Z-score, reveal that at the Incheon bridge, all but one ship for 2-way departure were in circulation within the 95% confidence interval range, whereas at the Busan harbor bridge, six ships for arrival and two ships for departure were outside the 95% range. Based on the results of this study, the design of bridges across waterways can incorporate traffic distribution corresponding to each port.

Community Benefits and UK Offshore Wind Farms: Evolving Convergence in a Divergent Practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150001
Author(s):  
John Glasson
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Onshore Wind ◽  
Community Benefits ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Renewable Energy Industry

The Offshore Wind sector is a major, dynamic, and rapidly evolving renewable energy industry. This is particularly so in Europe, and especially in the UK. Associated with the growth of the industry has been a growth of interest in community benefits as voluntary measures provided by a developer to the host community. However, in many cases, and for some of the large North Sea distant offshore wind farms, the benefits packages have been disparate and pro rata much smaller than for the well-established onshore wind farm industry. However, there are signs of change. This paper explores the issues of community benefits for the UK offshore sector and evolving practice, as reflected in a macro study of the adoption of community benefits approaches across the industry. This is followed by a more in-depth micro- approach, which explores approaches that have been adopted in three case studies of recent OWF projects — Aberdeen, Beatrice and the Hornsea Array. Whilst there is still much divergence in practice, there are also examples of some convergence, and the development of a more replicable practice. Particularly notable is the adoption of annual community benefits funds, as the key element of community benefits schemes/agreements between developers, local authorities and local communities.

scholarly journals Recreational use of offshore wind farms: Experiences and opinions of sea anglers in the UK

Marine Policy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Hooper ◽  
Caroline Hattam ◽  
Melanie Austen
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Recreational Use

scholarly journals A vector auto-regressive model for onshore and offshore wind synthesis incorporating meteorological model information

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hill ◽  
K. R. W. Bell ◽  
D. McMillan ◽  
D. Infield
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Meteorological Model ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
The Uk ◽  
British Atmospheric Data Centre

Abstract. The growth of wind power production in the electricity portfolio is striving to meet ambitious targets set, for example by the EU, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20% by 2020. Huge investments are now being made in new offshore wind farms around UK coastal waters that will have a major impact on the GB electrical supply. Representations of the UK wind field in syntheses which capture the inherent structure and correlations between different locations including offshore sites are required. Here, Vector Auto-Regressive (VAR) models are presented and extended in a novel way to incorporate offshore time series from a pan-European meteorological model called COSMO, with onshore wind speeds from the MIDAS dataset provided by the British Atmospheric Data Centre. Forecasting ability onshore is shown to be improved with the inclusion of the offshore sites with improvements of up to 25% in RMS error at 6 h ahead. In addition, the VAR model is used to synthesise time series of wind at each offshore site, which are then used to estimate wind farm capacity factors at the sites in question. These are then compared with estimates of capacity factors derived from the work of Hawkins et al. (2011). A good degree of agreement is established indicating that this synthesis tool should be useful in power system impact studies.

the potential for cooperative management of elasmobranchs and offshore renewable energy development in uk waters

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 1075-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
andrew b. gill ◽  
joel a. kimber
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Renewable Energy Development ◽  
The Uk

the uk government's strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions to meet carbon mitigation obligations and the wider aims on sustainable development has provided the impetus for a rapid growth in activity associated with offshore renewable energy, particularly offshore wind farms. recently, consents for offshore renewable energy development (ored) were approved in three strategic areas—the outer thames estuary, the greater wash and the eastern irish sea. the scale of the planned developments means that each will have a large environmental footprint and multiple ored will have a cumulative effect on the environment. here we discuss current understanding of ored construction, operation and decommissioning with regard to the potential interaction with elasmobranchs because of the worrying status of elasmobranch populations within the uk coastal zone. based on the likely interactions between elasmobranchs and ored a framework is proposed which aims to promote cooperative initiatives between elasmobranch conservation management and the offshore renewables industry.

Disturbance of harbour porpoises during construction of the first seven offshore wind farms in Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 596 ◽  
pp. 213-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Brandt ◽  
AC Dragon ◽  
A Diederichs ◽  
MA Bellmann ◽  
V Wahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms

Feasibility study for the installation of offshore wind farms in the Canary Islands

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (07) ◽  
pp. 809-813
Author(s):  
M. Martínez ◽  
A. Pulido ◽  
J. Romero ◽  
N. Angulo ◽  
F. Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms
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