scholarly journals Voice Communication Systems Impact on Navigating Officers

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovro Maglić ◽  
Sanjin Valčić ◽  
Ana Gundić ◽  
Livia Maglić
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Voice Communication ◽  
New Process ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Voice Calls ◽  
The Impact

The tasks of an officer of the watch (OOW) on complex ships during navigation in coastal areas may be very challenging. Almost all the tasks require substantial information processing and timely decision making. Every distracting element should be avoided during navigation. Every call, made through any communication system, activates a new process that the OOW needs to conduct. The new process may interrupt a previously started task. In case of too many incoming calls, the workload of the OOW may increase significantly, thus, their situational awareness may be compromised and the risk of errors may increase. The objective of this research was to analyze the impact of incoming voice calls on the OOW. The research methods used include a questionnaire survey and a series of interviews with experienced officers. The main outcomes refer to the average frequency of incoming calls, duration of conversations and subjective assessment of their influence. The results indicate that, during one watch, an officer needs to answer 14 calls that last 16.19 min altogether. However, the officers consider 45% of calls made during watch keeping as distracting. A possible call management system with the aim to reduce distractions made by low priority calls is proposed in this paper.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of Malware Analysis Techniques for Securing Web Applications through a Decision-Making Framework under Fuzzy Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 94-109
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar ◽  
◽  
Mamdouh Alenezi ◽  
Md Ansari ◽  
Bineet Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Malware Analysis ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Web

Nowadays, most of the cyber-attacks are initiated by extremely malicious programs known as Malware. Malwares are very vigorous and can penetrate the security of information and communication systems. While there are different techniques available for malware analysis, it becomes challenging to select the most effective approach. In this context, the decision-making process may be an efficient means of empirically assessing the impact of different methods for securing the web applications. In this research study, we have used a methodology that includes the integration of Fuzzy AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS technique for evaluating the impact of different malware analysis techniques in web application perspective. This study uses different versions of a university’s web application for evaluating the impact of several existing malware analysis techniques. The findings of the study show that the Reverse Engineering approach is the most efficient technique for analyzing complex malware. The outcome of this study would definitely aid the future researchers and developers in selecting the appropriate techniques for scanning the web application code and enhancing the security.

scholarly journals Communication and Decision Support Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-407
Author(s):  
Luigi Palestini
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support Systems ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Voice Data ◽  
The Impact

In emergencies, assessment and communication activities are particularly important for the support of the top decision-making bodies, to evaluate “just in time” the best actions to be taken. The multiple problems to be solved require specific skills in different areas. Upon the occurrence of a calamity, the authorities must answer questions such as “is a given place safe from the threat (e.g., an oncoming flood)?”, that’s why today knowledge of tools that can support decision-making is increasingly necessary: the so-called Decision Support Systems (DSS), software that allow users to improve situation assessment, helping all those who must make strategic decisions. Hand in hand with the growing interest in DSS there is an increasing use of communication systems based on IT. First responders know that to face an emergency everything must be prepared and planned, also communication. In fact, DSS and voice/data transmission systems are often integrated into a single system, as proposed by the European projects FIRE IN and IN PREP, because managing information is crucial for carrying out rescue activities in the best possible way. This work describes the impact of new technologies on rescue and emergency management in Italy and Europe, highlighting the challenges associated with their use.

scholarly journals Animal Spirits in the Beautiful Game. Testing social pressure in professional football during the COVID-19 lockdown

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Cueva
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Social Pressure ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Animal Spirits ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic forced almost all professional football matches worlwide to be played in empty stadiums. This large-scale natural experiment offers a unique opportunity to assess the impact of social pressure on decision making and behavior. In particular, I investigate the effect of the home crowd on match outcomes and referee decisions. Using a large dataset from 41 professional football leagues in 30 different countries, I find that the home advantage in match outcomes drops by around one half and that referee bias against away teams completely disappears following the lockdowns. My results therefore suggest that social pressure exerted by home crowds has an important effect on the behavior of referees and on game outcomes.

Lessons Learnt from Communication for Disaster Preparedness: A Study on Six Survivors from the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami 2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 879-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Faiz Shah ◽  
◽  
Parves Sultan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
The Impact

Communication is a primary challenge in response to natural and man-made disasters. The purpose of this study is to determine the forms of communications that played a critical role in disaster preparedness during the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami (Tohoku earthquake). The study used a case study research method and included six informants following the purposive sampling technique. Data was collected through unstructured in-depth interviews. The findings suggest that communication in all forms played a vital role in disaster preparedness. In the survivor’s view, however, the impact of broadcast media in establishing situational awareness was limited. Local disaster management efforts, such as, “on call,” or emergency measures, such as, personnel and trucks with communication systems, mobile phone alarms, and sirens were viewed by survivors as useful in transmitting unambiguous, specific messages in a demanding tsunami context. In particular, the study demonstrates that residents’ trust in risk/disaster related messages and mediums play vital roles in subsequent behaviour/response to natural disasters.

The Impact of Meta-Information on Decision-Making in Intelligence Operations

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Pfautz ◽  
Adam Fouse ◽  
Ted Fichtl ◽  
Emilie Roth ◽  
Ann Bisantz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Decision Aiding ◽  
Risk Environments ◽  
Sensor Webs ◽  
Intelligence Operations ◽  
Meta Information ◽  
The Impact

Decision-making in complex, dynamic, high-risk environments is clearly challenging. Part of this challenge is due to the presence of qualifiers of information, or meta-information (e.g., staleness, uncertainty, source), that alter a person's information processing, situational awareness, and decision-making. We investigated the influence of meta-information on decision-making in a Military Intelligence Operations (IO) environment using Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) techniques. We performed a CTA on IO tasks surrounding the use of smart sensor webs, a relatively new technology that can be used for a variety of IO purposes. Our analysis addressed information management tasks and tactical decision-making tasks using sensor webs. We discovered that a variety of types of meta-information significantly impacted decision-making, and that the influence of meta-information was both context- and task- sensitive. In this paper, we present the results of the CTA and discuss the implications for the development of decision-aiding systems, including the design of constituent displays, interfaces, and automated systems.

Do surgeon non-technical skills correlate with teamwork-related outcomes during robot-assisted surgery?

BMJ Leader ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Youseff Ahmed ◽  
Zaeem Lone ◽  
Ahmed A Hussein ◽  
Yingdong Feng ◽  
Hijab Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Perceived Performance ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionTo evaluate the impact of non-technical skills (NTS) on team performance, workload and clinical outcomes.MethodsThe operating room (OR) environment of 20 robot-assisted radical prostatectomies performed by three different surgeons was recorded. Trained observers assessed NTS utilising the Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons (NOTSS) questionnaire. Associations between NOTSS scores, teamwork attributes (anticipation and inconveniences), workload (measured by National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX)) and clinical outcomes (operative time, blood loss and surgical complexity) were determined using logistic regression and Pearson correlation.Results1780 requests were observed, 703 (39%) were non-verbal. Utilisation of non-verbal requests differed significantly among surgeons (26%, 36% and 44%, p<0.001). Anticipation was significantly associated with ‘Situational Awareness’ (OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.52 to 4.38, p<0.001), ‘Decision Making’ (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.55, p<0.001) and ‘Communication and Teamwork’ (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.74, p=0.002) domains. Inconveniences were significantly associated with ‘Situational Awareness’ (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.59, p=0.003), ‘Decision Making’ (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.53 to 4.86, p<0.001), and ‘Leadership’ (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.94, p=0.03). There was a significant positive correlation between NOTSS scores and perceived physical and mental workload measures of NASA-TLX, as well as self-perceived performance. There was no significant association between NOTSS scores and any of the investigated clinical outcomes.ConclusionNTS in the OR were associated with team efficiency, fewer surgical flow disruptions and an improved self-perceived performance.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Value of Religiosity on Buying Decision Making on the Overseas Bugis Community in Jambi

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Kurniati Karim ◽  
Ahmad Hosen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
God's Will ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

The Bugis tribe is one of the tribes in South Sulawesi Province, in addition to the Makassar and Toraja tribes, who uphold their religion and become the basis for their behavior. This is in accordance with the Bugis philosophy of "MappesonariDewataseuwae” (surrender to God's will), which means that the Buginese people behave according to the religious values derived from their culture.The Bugistribe inhabit almost all corners of the archipelago, including in Sumatra, especially Jambi. By inhabiting the Jambi area, it is certain that the influence of the local culture will certainly affect the behavior of someone who lives in the area.Considering that, then, the purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the value of religiosity of the Bugis tribe in Jambi on the decision of purchasing products.To answer the research problem, the data were collected through a questionnaire of 106 people, then analyzed using simple linear regression analysis. The research results obtained, that although the Bugis people have settled in Jambi, Sumatra, but the decision to purchase products is still influenced by the value of religiosity.

scholarly journals How and why front-line health workers (did not) use a multifaceted mHealth intervention to support maternal and neonatal healthcare decision-making in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e001153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Brown Amoakoh ◽  
Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch ◽  
Evelyn Korkor Ansah ◽  
Diederick E Grobbee ◽  
Linda Yveoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Worker ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Mhealth Intervention ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Voice Calls ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionDespite increasing use of mHealth interventions, there remains limited documentation of ‘how and why’ they are used and therefore the explanatory mechanisms behind observed effects on beneficiary health outcomes. We explored ‘how and why’ an mHealth intervention to support clinical decision-making by front-line providers of maternal and neonatal healthcare services in a low-resource setting was used. The intervention consisted of phone calls (voice calls), text messaging (short messaging service (SMS)), internet access (data) and access to emergency obstetric and neonatal protocols via an Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD). It was delivered through individual-use and shared facility mobile phones with unique Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) cards networked in a Closed User Group.MethodsA single case study with multiple embedded subunits of analysis within the context of a cluster randomised controlled trial of the impact of the intervention on neonatal health outcomes in the Eastern Region of Ghana was performed. We quantitatively analysed SIM card activity data for patterns of voice calls, SMS, data and USSD. We conducted key informant interviews and focus group discussions with intervention users and manually analysed the data for themes.ResultsOverall, the phones were predominantly used for voice calls (64%), followed by data (28%), SMS (5%) and USSD (2%), respectively. Over time, use of all intervention components declined. Qualitative analysis showed that individual health worker factors (demographics, personal and work-related needs, perceived timeliness of intervention, tacit knowledge), organisational factors (resource availability, information flow, availability, phone ownership), technological factors (attrition of phones, network quality) and client perception of health worker intervention usage explain the pattern of intervention use observed.ConclusionHow and why the mHealth intervention was used (or not) went beyond the technology itself and was influenced by individual and context-specific factors. These must be taken into account in designing similar interventions to optimise effectiveness.

scholarly journals SITUATIONAL AWARENESS VS. A PILOT’S DECISION-MAKING PROCESS

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Jarosław Kozuba
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Good Decision ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT This article describes the impact of a pilot’s situational awareness (SA) on the quality of decisions that are made by him or her. Situational awareness has been defined as a state and as a process. The article also refers to how the situational awareness and the decision-making process interact. The decision-making process and its components have been defined. Based on author’s own research as well as conclusions drawn from the subject’s literature, the importance of an acceptable SA level for the correct progress of a pilot’s decision-making process (and the likelihood of making a good decision) has been pointed out.

The Impact of Bridge Alerts on Navigating Officers

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovro Maglić ◽  
Damir Zec
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

New navigation-related technologies and complex ships' systems are associated with a considerable amount of information and alerts on navigational bridges. Each alert triggers a process conducted by the Officer Of the Watch (OOW), which includes data collection and interpretation, decision making, as well as appropriate actions. In the case of too many alerts or poorly managed alerts, the workload of the OOW may significantly increase, and situational awareness may be compromised, increasing the risk of errors. The main goal of this research is to analyse OOW actions triggered by the alerts. The research methods included an experiment on a bridge simulator with experienced officers, a questionnaire survey and a series of interviews. The main outcomes encompass the frequency of the alerts and the number and the processing times of single actions conducted upon an alert. The results indicate that, on average, during one watch, an OOW spends 22·4 minutes conducting 64 actions triggered by 16 alerts. However, officers consider 45% of the alerts as over-prioritised and distracting at the moment of their notification.

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