scholarly journals Advancing the Understanding of the Factor Structure of Executive Functioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Samsad Afrin Himi ◽  
Markus Bühner ◽  
Sven Hilbert
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Divided Attention ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
General Cognitive Ability ◽  
Relational Integration ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Considerable Debate ◽  
Order Factor

There has been considerable debate and interest regarding the factor structure of executive functioning (EF). Therefore, the aim of the current study was to delve into this issue differently, by investigating EF and other cognitive constructs, such as working memory capacity (WMC), relational integration, and divided attention, which may contribute to EF. Here, we examined whether it is possible to provide evidence for a definite model of EF containing the components of updating, shifting, and inhibition. For this purpose, 202 young adults completed a battery of EF, three WMC tests, three relational integration tests, and two divided attention tests. A confirmatory factor analysis on all the cognitive abilities produced a five-factor structure, which included one factor predominately containing shifting tasks, the next factor containing two updating tasks, the third one predominately representing WMC, the fourth factor consisting of relational integration and antisaccade tasks, and finally, the last factor consisting of the divided attention and stop signal tasks. Lastly, a subsequent hierarchical model supported a higher-order factor, thereby representing general cognitive ability.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Factor Structure of the 16PF, Version 5

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Irwing ◽  
Tom Booth ◽  
Mark Batey
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Validation Sample ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Calibration Sample ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Item Level ◽  
The Us ◽  
Order Factor

In order to examine its higher-order factor structure, we applied confirmatory factor and invariance analysis to item level data from the US standardization sample of the 16PF5, divided into a calibration sample (N = 5,130) and a validation sample (N = 5,131). Using standard assessments of model fit, all primary factors displayed good to excellent model fit, thus suggesting the scales to be broadly unidimensional. Results indicated a drop in model fit in both the structural and configurally invariant second order models, suggesting some level of misspecification in the global scales of Extraversion, Anxiety, Tough-Mindedness, Independence, and Self-Control. However, the degree of misspecification was slight. Overall, the analyses generally supported the proposed structure of the 16PF5.

Development and Initial Validation of a Measure to Assess Career Goal Feedback

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 657-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Hu ◽  
Peter A. Creed ◽  
Michelle Hood
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Career Goal ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Goal Progress ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Internal Sources

Career goal feedback provides information about career goal suitability, adequacy of goal progress, and whether changes are needed to reach the goals. Feedback comes from external (e.g., parents, peers) and internal sources (e.g., self-reflection), and plays an important role in the career development of young people. As there is no existing measure that adequately captures this construct, we devised and validated a 24-item inventory for use with young adults. In Study 1, initial items were developed, expert reviewed, and administered to a sample of Chinese university students ( N = 1,055; MAGE = 19 years). We used exploratory factor analysis to test the factor structure and confirmatory factor analysis on a holdout sample to validate a third-order solution (one third-order factor manifested by three second-order factors). In addition, we provided evidence for convergent and incremental validity. In Study 2, we confirmed the factor structure on Australian university students ( N = 184; MAGE = 19 years).

scholarly journals German-Language Version of the Compensatory Health Belief Scale

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theda Radtke ◽  
Urte Scholz ◽  
Roger Keller ◽  
Sonja Perren ◽  
Rainer Hornung
Keyword(s):  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
German Language ◽  
Language Version ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Unhealthy Behavior ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Belief Scale ◽  
Age Range

This study constitutes the first psychometric examination of the German-language version of the Compensatory Health Belief (CHB) scale to assess the belief that unhealthy behavior can be compensated for by engaging in healthy behavior. Data from four different Swiss samples of 1,571 adolescents/students (age range 15 – 55 years), collected between 2007 and 2009, were used. Confirmatory factor analysis did not support either the hypothesized 4-factor structure or a second-order factor structure with a latent overall variable for the German-language CHB scale. These results support the inconsistent patterns of CHBs found across European cultures. Thus, the development of behavior-specific scales might be of advantage. Further recommendations for an improvement of the measurement of compensatory health beliefs are discussed.

scholarly journals Stress among university students: the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the SBI-U 9 scale for Academic Burnout in university students

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Platania ◽  
Santo Di Nuovo ◽  
Alice Caruso ◽  
Fabio Digrandi ◽  
Pasquale Caponnetto
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Italian Version ◽  
Academic Burnout ◽  
First Order ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Italian Context ◽  
Course Of Study

Several authors have highlighted the importance of creating a useful tool to evaluate academic Burnout through the construction and validation of specific scales to evaluate academic Burnout. Based on the literature, the aim of this study is to evaluate in Italian university the psychometric properties of the SBI-U 9 scale for Academic Burnout in university students in Italy developed by Boada-Grau and colleagues. Study 1 (N=609) examined the factor structure of the scale (Male=45.6%, Female=54.4%; Mage= 21.9; SD=2.92). Study 2 (N=412) advanced the previous SBI-U 9 validation by testing its measurement equivalence across gender (Male=48.8%, Female= 51.2%) and different type of course of study (Technical-Mathematical-Scientific=33.5%, Medical- Scientific=32.5%, Scientific-Humanistic=34%) through Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Results confirmed a one higher-order factor structure with three first-order factors, the scale was found to be invariant across gender and different type of course of study. The findings advanced the general claim of SBI-U 9 showed an important tool for detecting the academic Burnout in university students in the Italian context, this is confirmed by the good psychometric properties of the scale.

Examining the factor structure and its replicability across multiple listening test forms: Validity evidence for the Michigan English Test

2021 ◽  
pp. 026553222110181
Author(s):  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Vahid Aryadoust ◽  
Stacy Foo
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Validity Evidence ◽  
Multiple Test ◽  
Underlying Factor ◽  
Congruence Coefficient ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Order Factor

This study evaluated the validity of the Michigan English Test (MET) Listening Section by investigating its underlying factor structure and the replicability of its factor structure across multiple test forms. Data from 3255 test takers across four forms of the MET Listening Section were used. To investigate the factor structure, each form was fitted with four Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models: (1) a three correlated-factor model, (2) a bi-factor model, (3) a higher-order factor model, and (4) a single general-factor model. In addition, a four-pronged heuristic comprising construct delineation, construct operationalization, factor structure analysis, and congruence coefficient was developed to examine the replicability of factor structures across the test forms. Results from the CFA models showed that the test forms were unidimensional and the four-pronged heuristic indicated that the test construct was consistently operationalized across forms. Furthermore, the congruence coefficient indicated that the factor structure representing listening was highly similar and replicable across test forms. In sum, the construct of the MET Listening Section did not comprise divisible subskills. Yet, the unidimensional factor structure of the test was replicable across the test forms.

scholarly journals Translation and Validation of Psychological Capital Questionnaire

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-225
Author(s):  
Saadiya Abbasi ◽  
Anila Kamal ◽  
Sobia Masood
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Age Range

The present study was conducted to translate the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24; Luthans, Avolio, Avey, & Norman, 2007) Urdu language and to establish the construct validity of the translated version. The study was completed in two phases. In the first phase, Urdu version of PCQ-24 was obtained after the forward and back translations as per the guidelines suggested by Brislin (1970). In the second phase, the Urdu version of PCQ-24 was validated which measures the construct of psychological capital. The sample comprised of 380 small business entrepreneurs (Men = 270, women = 110), taken from Rawalpindi and Islamabad with age range of 18 to 50 years. For this instrument, two concurrent models were tested through confirmatory factor analysis; the first model analyzed was for a four-factor structure. In this model, four subscales of PCQ-24 including Self-efficacy, Hope, Resilience, and Optimism were taken as interrelated factors. While, the second model was a hierarchical model in which four subscales were loaded onto a latent factor of PsyCap. Results established that the four-factor structure of PsyCap showed better fit than the higher-order factor structure. Furthermore, PCQ-24 showed adequate construct validity and reliability after excluding three problematic items (i.e., no. 13, 20, & 23) which were found to cause poor model-fit and lower the reliabilities. Overall, the findings show that newly translated Urdu version of PCQ-24 is a reliable and a valid measure in Pakistani context.

On the Separability of Cognitive Abilities Related to Posner's Attention Components

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Goldhammer ◽  
Helfried Moosbrugger ◽  
Karl Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Divided Attention ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Action Theory ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Psychometric Assessment ◽  
Attentional Switching ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Abstract. The study investigates whether five often postulated attention abilities related to Posner's attention components ( Posner & Boies, 1971 ; Posner & Rafal, 1987 ) - alertness, spatial attention, focused attention, attentional switching, and divided attention - represent empirically distinguishable cognitive mechanisms from an individual differences perspective, and to what extent these abilities contribute to conceptually distinct attention abilities related to working memory ( Baddeley, 1986 ), action theory ( Neumann, 1992 ), and psychometric assessment (e.g., Brickenkamp, 1994 ; Moosbrugger & Goldhammer, 2007 ). A total of 232 participants completed 12 attention tasks intended to measure the abilities of interest. First, confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) revealed that the five attention abilities based on Posner's work are moderately related, but clearly distinguishable. The proposed confirmatory factor model consists of one common and five specific attention ability factors. Second, structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that these five specific attention abilities contribute differentially to attention abilities associated with working memory, action theory, and psychometric assessment, whereas the common factor contributes significantly to all of them. Especially, the results suggest that both divided attention and attentional switching are involved in action-oriented attention abilities as well as in attention abilities associated with psychometric assessment (“concentration”).

Multitasking behavior and its related constructs: Executive functions, working memory capacity, relational integration, and divided attention

Cognition ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 275-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samsad Afrin Himi ◽  
Markus Bühner ◽  
Matthias Schwaighofer ◽  
Anna Klapetek ◽  
Sven Hilbert
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Divided Attention ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Relational Integration

scholarly journals Applicability and validation of the Reaction to Tests Scale (RTT) in a sample of Portuguese medical students

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela S. M. Pereira ◽  
Ana Mónica Pereira ◽  
Teresa Costa Castanho ◽  
Gabriela A. Silva ◽  
Filipe Falcão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Order Factor

Abstract Background Test anxiety is a crucial factor in determining academic outcomes, and it may lead to poor cognitive performance, academic underachievement, and psychological distress, interfering specifically with their ability to think and perform during tests. The main objective of this study was to explore the applicability and psychometric properties of a Portuguese version of the Reactions to Tests scale (RTT) in a sample of medical students. Method A sample of 672 medical students completed the RTT. The sample was randomly split in half to allow for independent Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and to test the best fit model—Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). CFA was used to test both the first-order factor structure (four subscales) and second-order factor structure, in which the four subscales relate to a general factor, Test Anxiety. The internal consistency of the RTT was assessed through Cronbach’s alpha, Composite reliability (CR) and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) for the total scale and each of the four subscales. Convergent validity was evaluated through the correlation between RTT and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y).To explore the comparability of measured attributes across subgroups of respondents, measurement invariance was also studied. Results Results from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed acceptable fits for the Portuguese RTT version. Concerning internal consistency, results indicate that RTT was found to be reliable to measure test anxiety in this sample. Convergent validity of the RTT with both state and trait anxiety STAI-Y’s subscales was also shown. Moreover, multigroup analyses showed metric invariance across gender and curriculum phase. Conclusion Our results suggest that the RTT scale is a valid and reliable instrument for the measurement of test anxiety among Portuguese Medical Students.

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