An Overview of Watershed Algorithm Implementations in Open Source Libraries

Anton Kornilov; Ilia Safonov

doi:10.3390/jimaging4100123

An Overview of Watershed Algorithm Implementations in Open Source Libraries

Journal of Imaging ◽

10.3390/jimaging4100123 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (10) ◽

pp. 123 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Anton Kornilov ◽

Ilia Safonov

Keyword(s):

Open Source ◽

Processing Time ◽

Deep Understanding ◽

Watershed Algorithm ◽

Watershed Segmentation ◽

Memory Consumption ◽

3D Images ◽

Memory Space ◽

Volumetric Images ◽

2D And 3D

Watershed is a widespread technique for image segmentation. Many researchers apply the method implemented in open source libraries without a deep understanding of its characteristics and limitations. In the review, we describe benchmarking outcomes of six open-source marker-controlled watershed implementations for the segmentation of 2D and 3D images. Even though the considered solutions are based on the same algorithm by flooding having O(n)computational complexity, these implementations have significantly different performance. In addition, building of watershed lines grows processing time. High memory consumption is one more bottleneck for dealing with huge volumetric images. Sometimes, the usage of more optimal software is capable of mitigating the issues with the long processing time and insufficient memory space. We assume parallel processing is capable of overcoming the current limitations. However, the development of concurrent approaches for the watershed segmentation remains a challenging problem.

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VLSI Architectures of a Wiener Filter for Video Coding

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10161961 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (16) ◽

pp. 1961

Author(s):

Walid Walid ◽

Giorgio Armanno ◽

Sandro Di Paola ◽

Massimo Ruo Roch ◽

Guido Masera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computational Complexity ◽

Video Coding ◽

Data Compression ◽

Open Source ◽

Processing Time ◽

Wiener Filter ◽

Memory Space ◽

Vlsi Architectures ◽

Modern Age ◽

Efficient Data

In the modern age, the use of video has become fundamental in communication and this has led to its use through an increasing number of devices. The higher resolution required for images and videos leads to more memory space and more efficient data compression, obtained by improving video coding techniques. For this reason, the Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia) developed a new open-source and royalty-free codec, named AOMedia Video 1 (AV1). This work focuses on the Wiener filter, a specific loop restoration tool of the AV1 video coding format, which features a significant amount of computational complexity. A new hardware architecture implementing the separable symmetric normalized Wiener filter is presented. Furthermore, the paper details possible optimizations starting from the basic architecture. These optimizations allow the Wiener filter to achieve a 100× reduction in processing time, compared to existing works, and 5× improvement in megasamples per second.

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Do 3D Face Images Capture Cues of Strength, Weight, and Height Better than 2D Face Images do?

Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology ◽

10.1007/s40750-021-00170-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 209-219

Author(s):

Iris J Holzleitner ◽

Alex L Jones ◽

Kieran J O’Shea ◽

Rachel Cassar ◽

Vanessa Fasolt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

3D Images ◽

3D Face ◽

Face Images ◽

Similar Accuracy ◽

2D And 3D ◽

2D Images ◽

Better Than

Abstract Objectives A large literature exists investigating the extent to which physical characteristics (e.g., strength, weight, and height) can be accurately assessed from face images. While most of these studies have employed two-dimensional (2D) face images as stimuli, some recent studies have used three-dimensional (3D) face images because they may contain cues not visible in 2D face images. As equipment required for 3D face images is considerably more expensive than that required for 2D face images, we here investigated how perceptual ratings of physical characteristics from 2D and 3D face images compare. Methods We tested whether 3D face images capture cues of strength, weight, and height better than 2D face images do by directly comparing the accuracy of strength, weight, and height ratings of 182 2D and 3D face images taken simultaneously. Strength, height and weight were rated by 66, 59 and 52 raters respectively, who viewed both 2D and 3D images. Results In line with previous studies, we found that weight and height can be judged somewhat accurately from faces; contrary to previous research, we found that people were relatively inaccurate at assessing strength. We found no evidence that physical characteristics could be judged more accurately from 3D than 2D images. Conclusion Our results suggest physical characteristics are perceived with similar accuracy from 2D and 3D face images. They also suggest that the substantial costs associated with collecting 3D face scans may not be justified for research on the accuracy of facial judgments of physical characteristics.

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Accurate 2D and 3D images classification using translation and scale invariants of Meixner moments

Multimedia Tools and Applications ◽

10.1007/s11042-020-10311-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M. Yamni ◽

A. Daoui ◽

O. El ogri ◽

H. Karmouni ◽

M. Sayyouri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

3D Images ◽

Meixner Moments ◽

2D And 3D ◽

Scale Invariants

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Comparing Reliability Between 3D Imaging And 2D Photography For External Nasal Anthropometry

10.21203/rs.3.rs-669579/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yoon-Soo Seo ◽

Ki-Hun Jo ◽

Jun-Sang CHA ◽

Joo-Yeon Kim ◽

Jae-Hwan Kwon

Keyword(s):

3D Imaging ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Digital Camera ◽

Angular Parameter ◽

Good Reliability ◽

Rater Reliability ◽

3D Images ◽

Imaging Result ◽

External Nose ◽

2D And 3D

Abstract Background: This study investigates and compare the reliability and reproducibility of two facial anthropometric methods about external nasal angles, 3D imaging and conventional 2D photography. Methods: 2D photograph images and 3D images about external nose of 30 volunteers were taken using digital camera and Morpheus 3D scanner. To evaluate intra-rater reliability, each images were taken over two different days for each subject by the same researcher. To evaluate inter-rater reliability, another researcher took each images for each subject on the first day. The reliability of each method for measuring 4 external nasal angle is obtained using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and compared.Results: Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of both 3D imaging and 2D photography had excellent agreement in all 4 nasal angles. In the nasofacial angular parameter, Inter-rater ICC, 2D photography was significantly higher than 3D imaging. Result of intra-rater ICC also showed both 3D imaging and 2D photography had good reliability in all 4 nasal angles. Similar to those of inter-rater ICC, nasofacial angular parameter showed statistically significant differences between 3D imaging and 2D photography.Conclusion: In terms of reliability, both 2D and 3D showed appropriate anthropometric results and considering its own advantage, each methods can be used complementarily.

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An Efficient Approach for Uncertain Event Detection in RFID Complex Event Processing

JOIV International Journal on Informatics Visualization ◽

10.30630/joiv.5.4.736 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 438

Author(s):

Siti Salwani Binti Yaacob ◽

Hairulnizam Bin Mahdin ◽

Mohammed Saeed Jawad ◽

Nayef Abdulwahab Mohammed Alduais ◽

Akhilesh Kumar Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Processing Time ◽

Detection Algorithm ◽

Manufacturing Processes ◽

Memory Consumption ◽

Production Flow ◽

Manufacturing Environment ◽

Thread Pool ◽

Missing Items ◽

Defensive Measures ◽

Current Detection

The globalization of manufacturing has increased the risk of counterfeiting as the demand grows, the production flow increases, and the availability expands. The intensifying counterfeit issues causing a worriment to companies and putting lives at risk. Companies have ploughed a large amount of money into defensive measures, but their efforts have not slowed counterfeiters. In such complex manufacturing processes, decision-making and real-time reactions to uncertain situations throughout the production process are one way to exploit the challenges. Detecting uncertain conditions such as counterfeit and missing items in the manufacturing environment requires a specialized set of technologies to deal with a flow of continuously created data. In this paper, we propose an uncertain detection algorithm (UDA), an approach to detect uncertain events such as counterfeit and missing items in the RFID distributed system for a manufacturing environment. The proposed method is based on the hashing and thread pool technique to solve high memory consumption, long processing time and low event throughput in the current detection approaches. The experimental results show that the execution time of the proposed method is averagely reduced 22% in different tests, and our proposed method has better performance in processing time based on RFID event streams.

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A Visual Simulation System Based on QT-STKX Research

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.610.653 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 610 ◽

pp. 653-657

Author(s):

Shi Xuan Liu ◽

Xin Hong Li ◽

Jun Kang Zeng

Keyword(s):

Satellite Images ◽

Satellite Orbit ◽

Dynamics Simulation ◽

Visual Simulation ◽

Incident Response ◽

3D Images ◽

Operating Process ◽

Machine Interface ◽

And Control ◽

2D And 3D

STK is the important tool of satellite simulation and analysis, it can be intuitive and vivid reflects the state of satellite orbit. The STKX component allows user code to respond by writing incident response and control the user to the operation of the GUI interface STK components, in order to enhance the application of interactive ability. In this paper, through the application of the STKX component, and the design of Qt Chinese interface, realize the function of orbit dynamics simulation, 2D and 3D images and satellite images show function; To realize the Two-way exchange of information. Convenient man-machine interface and Chinese interface implements the intuitive and mutual assistance, and operating process of the simulation.

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Generation of Regular and Irregular Waves in Navier-Stokes CFD Solvers by Matching With the Nonlinear Potential Wave Solution at the Boundaries

Volume 2: CFD and FSI ◽

10.1115/omae2018-78077 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Youngmyung Choi ◽

Benjamin Bouscasse ◽

Sopheak Seng ◽

Guillaume Ducrozet ◽

Lionel Gentaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viscous Flow ◽

Open Source ◽

Cfd Simulation ◽

Irregular Waves ◽

Navier Stokes ◽

Wave Fields ◽

Flow Solver ◽

Nonlinear Potential ◽

Simulation Parameters ◽

2D And 3D

The capability of wave generation and absorption in a viscous flow solver becomes important for achieving realistic simulations in naval and offshore fields. This study presents an efficient generation of nonlinear wave fields in the viscous flow solver by using a nonlinear potential solver called higher-order spectral method (HOS). The advantages of using a fully nonlinear potential solver for the generation of irregular waves are discussed. In particular, it is shown that the proposed method allows the CFD simulation to start at the time and over the space of interest, retrieved from the potential flow solution. The viscous flow solver is based on the open source library OpenFOAM. The potential solvers used to generate waves are the open source solvers HOS-Ocean and HOS-NWT (Numerical Wave Tank). Several simulation parameters in the CFD solver are investigated in the present study. A HOS wrapper program is newly developed to regenerate wave fields in the viscous flow solver. The wrapper program is validated with OpenFOAM for 2D and 3D regular and irregular waves using relaxation zones. Finally, the extreme waves corresponding to the 1000 year return period condition in the Gulf of Mexico are simulated with the viscous flow solver and the wave elevation is compared with the experiments.

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