scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Strength and Conditioning Protocols for Improving Neck Strength and Reducing Concussion Incidence and Impact Injury Risk in Collision Sports; Is There Evidence?

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Ed Daly ◽  
Alan J. Pearce ◽  
Lisa Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
American Football ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Spine Injuries ◽  
Neck Strength ◽  
Impact Injury

The objective of this systematic literature review was to evaluate the evidence regarding the development of neck strength in reducing concussion and cervical spine injuries in adult amateur and professional sport populations. PubMed, CINAHL, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases were searched systematically. The criteria for inclusion in the review were as follows: (1) a human adult (≥18 or above); (2) involved in amateur, semi-professional, or professional sports; (3) sports included involved collisions with other humans, apparatus or the environment; (4) interventions included pre- and post-neck muscle strength measures or neck stability measures; (5) outcomes included effects on increasing neck strength in participants and/or injury incidence. Database searches identified 2462 articles. Following title, abstract, and full paper screening, three papers were eligible for inclusion. All of the papers reported information from male participants, two were focused on rugby union, and one on American football. Two of the included studies found a significant improvement in isometric neck strength following intervention. None of the studies reported any impact of neck strengthening exercises on cervical spine injuries. This review has shown that there is currently a lack of evidence to support the use of neck strengthening interventions in reducing impact injury risk in adult populations who participate in sport.

Sharp Rise in Fall-Induced Cervical Spine Injuries Among Older Adults Between 1970 and 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 2015-2019
Author(s):  
Pekka Kannus ◽  
Seppo Niemi ◽  
Jari Parkkari ◽  
Ville M Mattila
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Sharp Rise ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Spine Injuries ◽  
Adjusted Incidence

Abstract Background Fall-induced injuries in older adults are a major public health challenge. Methods We determined the current trends in the number and age-adjusted incidence of fall-induced severe cervical spine injuries among older adults in Finland by taking into account all persons 50 years of age or older who were admitted to Finnish hospitals for primary treatment of these injuries between 1970 and 2017. Similar patients aged 20–49 years served as a reference group. Results The annual number of fall-induced severe cervical spine injuries among older Finnish adults rose steeply during the follow-up, from 59 in 1970 to 502 in 2017. The age-adjusted incidence of injury (per 100,000 persons) was higher in men than women throughout this period and showed a clear increase from 1970 to 2017: from 8.4 to 25.0 in men, and from 2.8 to 13.9 in women. In both sexes, the increase was most prominent in the oldest age group, persons aged 80 years or older. In the reference group, the injury incidence declined by time. Conclusions The number and incidence of fall-induced severe cervical spine injuries among older Finns showed a sharp rise between 1970 and 2017. An increase in the average risk of serious falls may partly explain the phenomenon. Effective fall and injury prevention measures are urgently needed since further aging of the population is likely to aggravate the problem in the near future.

Return to Play Guidelines after Cervical Spine Injuries in American Football Athletes

Spine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Swiatek ◽  
Tejas Nandurkar ◽  
Joseph Maroon ◽  
Robert Cantu ◽  
Henry Feuer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
American Football ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Spine Injuries

scholarly journals Letter to the Editor regarding “Return to Play Guidelines After Cervical Spine Injuries in American Football Athletes

Spine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander R. Vaccaro ◽  
Gregory D. Schroeder ◽  
Andrew C. Hecht ◽  
David O. Okonkwo ◽  
Robert G. Watkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
American Football ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Spine Injuries

scholarly journals Cervical spine injuries in Rugby Union football.

BMJ ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 2 (6154) ◽  
pp. 1747-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Williams ◽  
B McKibbin
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Spine Injuries

Impact of the national prevention policy and scrum law changes on the incidence of rugby-related catastrophic cervical spine injuries in French Rugby Union

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 674-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Reboursiere ◽  
Y Bohu ◽  
D Retière ◽  
B Sesboüé ◽  
V Pineau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Spine Injuries ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
National Prevention ◽  
The Impact

Background and aimsCatastrophic cervical spine injuries are rare in rugby union but require close monitoring. The aim of this study was to analyse the incidence of severe cervical spine injuries and determine the impact of a national prevention programme and new scrum rules implemented by the French Rugby Union.MethodsA prospective study was performed between 2006 and 2013 including all players affiliated to the French Rugby Union. All cervical spine injuries resulting in death, tetraplegia or a permanent neurological deficit were included. Prevention programmes were implemented from 2007 to 2013 and a change in scrum rules in 2010. To measure the impact of rule changes, results between 2006–2010 and 2010–2013 were compared using a Poisson regression.ResultsAltogether, 31 injuries were observed and the mean annual incidence was 1.6 per 100 000 players. There were significantly more injuries in senior players compared to junior players (3.5 vs 0.6 per 100 000 players; CI 95% (2.1 to 4.9) vs (0.1 to 1.0)). Incidence decreased from 1.8 in 2006 to 1.0 per 100 000 players in 2013 (p<0.0001). After 2010, there were significantly fewer injuries during scrums (p=0.02). In contrast, there were significantly more injuries in backs during 2010–2013 compared to 2006–2010 (p=0.003).ConclusionsThe incidence of catastrophic cervical spine injuries has declined in French Rugby Union. The implementation of specific prevention programmes and scrum law changes has notably resulted in a decrease in scrum injuries in forwards. This prospective study should be continued to monitor the future progression of injuries and adapt prevention programmes accordingly.

scholarly journals Cervical Spine Injuries in the Ice Hockey Player: Current Concepts in Epidemiology, Management and Prevention

2020 ◽  
pp. 219256822097054
Author(s):  
Cole Morrissette ◽  
Paul J. Park ◽  
Ronald A. Lehman ◽  
Charles A. Popkin
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Spine Injury ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Cervical Fractures ◽  
Spine Injuries

Study Design: This review article examines the biomechanics that underly hockey-related cervical spine injuries, the preventative measures to curtail them, optimal management strategies for the injured player and return to play criteria. Objective: Hockey is a sport with one of the highest rates of cervical spine injury, but by understanding the underlying pathophysiology and context in which these injuries can occur, it is possible to reduce their incidence and successfully manage the injured player. Methods: Multiple online databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Columbia Libraries Catalog, Cochrane Library and Ovid MEDLINE were queried for original articles concerning spinal injuries in ice hockey. All relevant papers were screened and subsequently organized for discussion in our subtopics. Results: Cervical fractures in ice hockey most often occur due to an increased axial load, with a check from behind the most common precipitating event. Conclusions: Despite the recognized risk for cervical spine trauma in ice hockey, further research is still needed to optimize protocols for both mitigating injury risk and managing injured players.

Cervical Spine Injuries in American Football

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 697-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Rihn ◽  
David T. Anderson ◽  
Kathleen Lamb ◽  
Peter F. Deluca ◽  
Ahmed Bata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
American Football ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Spine Injuries

scholarly journals Efficacy of Cervical Spine Muscle Strength Training in the Prevention of Cervical Spine Injuries in Hockey Players: A Critically Appraised Topic

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Costa
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Keywords Cervical Spine ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Spine Injuries

Abstract Limited review of cervical spine injuries within the sport of ice hockey exist in the published world. Therefore, this paper sets out to locate, define, and critically appraise the topic to determine the frequency, severity, and possible interventions for the prevention and rehabilitation of cervical spine injuries in ice hockey. A call to action is advised to accurately track these injuries in order to better assist with the creation of a standardized protocol for treatment and reconditioning designed to assist strength and conditioning professionals in the reconditioning of athletes.  Sufficient evidence supported the prevalence of cervical spine injuries in the sport of hockey. muscle strength and rigidity had little to no effect on the resistance of head impact acceleration.4 Regardless of linear velocity and peak angular velocity changes amongst individuals with varying isometric muscle strength of the cervical muscle, cervical spine injuries appear to be unrelated.8  The continued documentation of cervical spine injuries in hockey is necessary to gain a clearer understanding of the current prevalence of this specific injury. It appears that cervical spine injuries are less prevalent at the professional and international levels. This could potentially be attributed to a greater respect for athletic competition, as well as significant improvements of motor function and control exhibited by professional hockey players. Improving physiological performance appears to have little to no effect on cervical spine injuries.7,8,9 Unfortunately, little to no evidence currently exists, regarding the optimization of kinetic and kinematic actions within the cervical spine structure by way of improving muscle function, hypertrophy, or neuromuscular efficiency. Keywords: cervical spine injuries in hockey, neck injuries in the hockey, non-concussion-based spine injuries in hockey, neck strength, neck muscle activation, head kinematics  

Employing Standardised Methods to Compare Injury Risk Across Seven Youth Team Sports

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Barden ◽  
Kenneth L. Quarrie ◽  
Carly McKay ◽  
Keith A Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Youth Sports ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
American Football ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Youth Population

AbstractInjury surveillance systems seek to describe injury risk for a given sport, in order to inform preventative strategies. This often leads to comparisons between studies, although these inferences may be inappropriate, considering the range of methods adopted. This study aimed to describe the injury epidemiology of seven youth sports, enabling valid comparisons of injury risk. Consistent methods were employed across seven sports [male American football, basketball, soccer, rugby league, rugby union; female soccer and rugby union] at a high school in England. A 24-hour time-loss injury definition was adopted. Descriptive statistics and injury incidence (/1000 match-hours) are reported. In total, 322 injuries were sustained by 240 athletes (mean age=17.7±1.0) in 10 273 player-match hours. American football had a significantly greater injury incidence (86/1000 h; 95% CI 61–120) than all sports except female rugby union (54/1000 h; 95% CI 37–76). Concussion was the most common injury (incidence range 0.0–26.7/1000 h), while 59% of injuries occurred via player contact. This study employed standardized data collection methods, allowing valid and reliable comparisons of injury risk between youth sports. This is the first known study to provide epidemiological data for female rugby union, male basketball and American football in an English youth population, enabling the development of preventative strategies.

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