scholarly journals Bioimpedance Vector References Need to Be Period-Specific for Assessing Body Composition and Cellular Health in Elite Soccer Players: A Brief Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Tindaro Bongiovanni ◽  
Gabriele Mascherini ◽  
Federico Genovesi ◽  
Giulio Pasta ◽  
Fedon Marcello Iaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Soccer Player ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Fluid Content ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Impedance Vector ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Specific Tolerance ◽  
Elite Soccer Player

Purpose: Bioimpedance data through bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) is used to evaluate cellular function and body fluid content. This study aimed to (i) identify whether BIVA patters differ according to the competitive period and (ii) provide specific references for assessing bioelectric properties at the start of the season in male elite soccer players. Methods: The study included 131 male soccer players (age: 25.1 ± 4.7 yr, height: 183.4 ± 6.1 cm, weight: 79.3 ± 6.6) registered in the first Italian soccer division (Serie A). Bioimpedance analysis was performed just before the start of the competitive season and BIVA was applied. In order to verify the need for period-specific references, bioelectrical values measured at the start of the season were compared to the reference values for the male elite soccer player population. Results: The results of the two-sample Hotelling T2 tests showed that in the bivariate interpretation of the raw bioimpedance parameters (resistance (R) and reactance (Xc)) the bioelectric properties significantly (T2 = 15.3, F = 7.6, p ≤ 0.001, Mahalanobis D = 0.45) differ between the two phases of the competition analyzed. In particular, the mean impedance vector is more displaced to the left into the R-Xc graph at the beginning of the season than in the first half of the championship. Conclusions: For an accurate evaluation of body composition and cellular health, the tolerance ellipses displayed by BIVA approach into the R-Xc graph must be period-specific. This study provides new specific tolerance ellipses (R/H: 246 ± 32.1, Xc/H: 34.3 ± 5.1, r: 0.7) for performing BIVA at the beginning of the competitive season in male elite soccer players.

scholarly journals Effects of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Body Composition and Bioelectrical Phase Angle in Serie A Soccer Players: A Comparison of Two Consecutive Seasons

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1175
Author(s):  
Francesco Campa ◽  
Tindaro Bongiovanni ◽  
Athos Trecroci ◽  
Alessio Rossi ◽  
Gianpiero Greco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Phase Angle ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Impedance Vector

The present study compared changes in body composition during the COVID-19-associated lockdown with the same period of the following season in elite soccer players. Fifteen elite male soccer players (30.5 ± 3.6 years.) underwent a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) before (end of February) and after (end of May) the lockdown, which occurred during the 2019/2020 season, and at the same period during the following competitive season in 2020/2021, when restrictions were lifted. Fat and muscle mass were estimated using predictive equations, while phase angle (PhA) and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) patterns were directly measured. After lockdown, fat mass remained unchanged (p > 0.05), while muscle mass (95%CI = −1.12/−0.64; ES = −2.04) and PhA (95%CI = 0.51/−0.24, ES = −1.56) decreased. A rightward displacement of the BIVA vector was also found (p < 0.001, ES = 1.50). After the same period during the regular season, FM% and muscle mass did not change (p > 0.05), while the PhA increased (95%CI = 0.01/0.22; ES = 0.63). A leftward vector displacement (p < 0.001, ES = 1.05) was also observed. The changes in muscle mass correlated with changes in PhA (“lockdown” season 2019/2020: ß = −1.128, p = 0.011; “regular” season 2020/21: ß = 1.963, p = 0.011). In conclusion, coaches and strength conditioners should monitor muscle mass in soccer players during detraining periods as this parameter appears to be mainly affected by changes in training plans.

scholarly journals The effects of 14-week betaine supplementation on endocrine markers, body composition and anthropometrics in professional youth soccer players: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Nobari ◽  
Mehdi Kargarfard ◽  
Vazgen Minasian ◽  
Jason M. Cholewa ◽  
Jorge Pérez-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Betaine Supplementation

Abstract Objective Betaine supplementation may enhance body composition outcomes when supplemented chronically during an exercise program. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of betaine supplementation on development-related hormones, body composition, and anthropometrics in professional youth soccer players during a competitive season. Methods Twenty-nine players (age, 15.45 ± 0.25 years) were matched based upon position and then randomly assigned to a betaine group (2 g/day; n = 14, BG) or placebo group (PG, n = 15). All subjects participated in team practices, conditioning, and games. If a subject did not participate in a game, a conditioning protocol was used to ensure workload was standardized throughout the 14-week season. Growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), testosterone, cortisol, height, weight, and body composition were assessed at pre-season (P1), mid-season (P2) and post-season (P3). Anthropometric variables were also measured following a one-year follow-up (F). Results Significant (p < 0.05) group x time interactions were found for testosterone and testosterone to cortisol ratio (T/C). Both variables were greater in BG at P2 and P3 compared to P1, however, the testosterone was less in the PG at P3 compared to P2. There was no significant group by time interactions for GH, IGF-1, lean body mass, or body fat. There was a significant (p < 0.05) group x time interaction in height and weight at F, with the greater increases in BG compared to PG. Conclusion Betaine supplementation increased testosterone levels and T/C ratio in youth professional soccer players during a competitive season. Betaine supplementation had no negative effects on growth (height and weight) and may attenuate reductions in testosterone due to intense training during puberty.

scholarly journals Difference in Internal and External Workloads between Non-Injured and Injured Groups in Collegiate Female Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Ai Ishida ◽  
Joshua S Beaumont
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Soft Tissue Injuries ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
High Heart Rate ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Micro Technology ◽  
Simple Average

Background: Effects of internal and external workloads (IL, EL) on lower limb soft-tissue injuries (LLSTI) risk in male soccer players has been described, the relationships remain unclear in collegiate female (soccer players. Objective: The purpose was to examine the mean difference in IL and EL in LLSTI between non-injured and injured groups (N-IG and IG). Method: 20 collegiate female soccer players (age: 19.2±1.2years; height: 168.2±7.3cm; body mass: 41.0±17.9kg) were included for 14 week competitive season. IL included average heart rate (Avg-HR) and high heart rate zone. EL included total distance, average speed (Avg-Spd), and high-speed running distance. Injuries were counted if (a) they were LLSTI and muscular/ligamentous strains or tears and tendon problems, and (b) the players missed more than one match or training session. Acute (7-day simple average) and chronic (21-day simple average) IL and EL were calculated in the IG while the mean of acute (7-day) and chronic (21-day) IL and EL were computed in the NIG. Acute Chronic Workload Ratio (ACWR) was calculated as the ratio of acute and chronic IL and EL. Results: Seven LLSTI occurred over 14 weeks. The acute Avg-HR and ACWR of Avg-Spd were significantly higher in the IG than the N-IG (p=0.001 and 0.024). IL and EL in the IG were placed below or above the mean of the N-IG. Conclusion: LLSTI might occur at high and low workloads in collegiate female soccer players. This may support the use of micro-technology to monitor workload based on individual player’s threshold to reduce LLSTI.

scholarly journals Utilidad de la cineantropometría y la bioimpedancia para orientar la composición corporal y los hábitos de los futbolistas (Utility kinanthropometry and bioimpedance to guide body composition and habits of the players)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 117-119
Author(s):  
JL Garcia-Soidan ◽  
J López Pazos ◽  
H Ogando Berea ◽  
A Fernández Balea ◽  
A Padrón Cabo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Soccer Player ◽  
Nutritional Condition ◽  
Basal Metabolism ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Extracellular Water ◽  
Complementary Information ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Health Situation

El objetivo de esta investigación fue el de ajustar la información aportada por dos técnicas, cineantropometría y bioimpedancia, para orientar el estado nutricional, los perfiles de rendimiento basados en la composición corporal y el estado de salud de 66 futbolistas amateur. La utilización de ambos métodos aislados, aunque ofrecen datos importantes para el futbolista, no es sino su utilización conjunta la que permite establecer un adecuado diagnóstico de la situación nutricional y composición corporal del futbolista. La antropometría nos permite situar las dimensiones corporales en el espacio, mientras que la bioimpedancia nos permite además evaluar el metabolismo basal y la distribución del agua intra y extracelularmente, detectando posibles edemas, distribución del agua en las distintas regiones del organismo, de forma que ambos métodos en conjunto, brindan una información complementaria importante, que nos permite evaluar además la salud y los posibles ajustes en la alimentación e hidratación del futbolista.Palabras clave: Somatotipo, antropometría, hidratación.Abstract: The aim of this work was to adjust the information contributed by two technologies, kineanthropometry and bioimpedance, to orientate the nutritional condition, the profiles of performance based on the corporal composition and the health situation of 66 amateur soccer players. The utilization of both isolated methods, though they offer important information for the soccer player, is their combined utilization that allows to establish a suitable diagnosis of the nutritional situation and corporal composition of the soccer players. The kineanthropometry allows us to place the corporal dimensions in the space, whereas the bioimpedance allows us to evaluate in addition the basal metabolism and the distribution of the intra and extracellular water, detecting possible edemas, distribution of the water in the different body regions, so that both methods as a whole, they offer an important complementary information, which allows us to evaluate in addition the health and the possible adjustments in the supply and hydration of the soccer players.Keywords: Somatotype, anthropometry, hidratation.

scholarly journals Analysis of isokinetic knee strength in soccer players in terms of selected parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Yılmaz ◽  
M. Kabadayı ◽  
Ö. Bostancı ◽  
M. Özdal ◽  
M.H. Mayda
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Soccer Player ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Knee Strength ◽  
Body Mass Indexes ◽  
And Control

Purpose: The aim of study is to analyse isokinetic knee strength in soccer players in terms of selected parameters. Methods: A total of 30 subjects, 15 soccer players and 15 controls, were included in the study. Isokinetic knee strength measurements at angular speeds of 60°sec-1, 180°sec-1 and 240°sec-1 and pro-agility tests were conducted on the subjects. A body analyser was used for height, weight and body mass indexes (BMI) values. The training ages of the subjects and the positions of the soccer player group were recorded on personal information forms. Results: When the agility parameters were compared between football and control groups, a statistical difference was found in favour of the soccer player group (p < 0.05). When the effects of body composition and isokinetic knee strength on agility were analysed, negative significant correlation was found between weight and agility, BMI and agility and 240° right knee extension strength and agility (p < 0.05). When the positions of soccer players and isokinetic knee strengths were compared, significance was found between 60° right extension strength of defenders and midfielders and 60° left extension-flexion strengths of defenders and midfielders and forwards in favour of defenders (p > 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, it was found that isokinetic knee strength did not have an influence on agility in low angular speeds, except for 240°sec-1 right extension. According to positions, as the isokinetic knee strength of defenders decreased, they showed higher results when compared with other positions.

scholarly journals Long-Term Patterns of Bone Mineral Density in an Elite Soccer Player

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Milanese ◽  
Valentina Cavedon ◽  
Giuliano Corradini ◽  
Aiace Rusciano ◽  
Carlo Zancanaro
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Soccer Player ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Elite Soccer Player

Changes in bone mineral density (BMD) have been associated with association football (soccer) participation. Seasonal changes in BMD of soccer players have been proposed as well. However, previous investigations were based on short-term observations. Actually, longitudinal investigation of BMD in soccer players is lacking, possibly because of frequent inter-club transfer, changes in club policy or continued availability of the relevant facilities. Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA)-measured areal BMD (aBMD) was obtained during the competitive season in an elite soccer player along 10 consecutive years. Findings showed that (1) aBMD tends to increase with age, independently of body mass; (2) The right (preferred, kicking) leg has higher aBMD than the left (non-preferred, support) one; (3) Meaningful (i.e., &gt;least significant change, LSC) changes in aBMD take place along the season; and (4) The off-season (transition) period has no effect on aBMD. Findings prompt for future research aimed at clarifying the long-term and seasonal patterns of bone characteristics in soccer in relation with age and type/dose of training. Season-around, long-term scrutiny of bone status in soccer players would help controlling for possible changes/asymmetries in bone mineralization/strength.

IDENTIFYING THE MOST SUITABLE AREAS FOR SURFACE FLOW WETLAND CONSTRUCTION IN LITHUANIA

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antanas DUMBRAUSKAS ◽  
Nijolė BASTIENĖ ◽  
Petras PUNYS
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Gis Analysis ◽  
Proximity Analysis ◽  
Wetland Construction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Terrain Features ◽  
Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands

GIS-based approach to find the suitable sites for surface flow constructed wetlands was employed for the Lithuanian river basins with low ecological status. According to the nature of the analysed criteria the flowchart consists of two phases. Criteria used include hydrographical network, soil properties, terrain features, land use, etc. Some of them have strictly defined values (constraints), and other ranges within certain limits (factors). Limited criteria were analysed using rejection principle and influencing factors using proximity analysis and overlay methods. Selecting the potential sites using standard GIS analysis tools there was estimated about 3286 sites for possible wetlands with the mean area of inflow basin about 4 km2 in the basins of water bodies at risk.

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