scholarly journals Brachial Plexus Injuries in Sport Medicine: Clinical Evaluation, Diagnostic Approaches, Treatment Options, and Rehabilitative Interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Immacolata Belviso ◽  
Stefano Palermi ◽  
Anna Maria Sacco ◽  
Veronica Romano ◽  
Bruno Corrado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Sport Medicine ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
High Frequency Ultrasound ◽  
Spinal Nerves ◽  
Type Of Injury

The brachial plexus represents a complex anatomical structure in the upper limb. This “network” of peripheral nerves permits the rearrangement of motor efferent fibers, coming from different spinal nerves, in several terminal branches directed to upper limb muscles. Moreover, afferent information coming from different cutaneous regions in upper limb are sorted in different spinal nerves through the brachial plexus. Severe brachial plexus injuries are a rare clinical condition in the general population and in sport medicine, but with dramatic consequences on the motor and sensory functions of the upper limb. In some sports, like martial arts, milder injuries of the brachial plexus can occur, with transient symptoms and with a full recovery. Clinical evaluation represents the cornerstone in the assessment of the athletes with brachial plexus injuries. Electrodiagnostic studies and imaging techniques, like magnetic resonance and high-frequency ultrasound, could be useful to localize the lesion and to define an appropriate treatment and a functional prognosis. Several conservative and surgical techniques could be applied, and multidisciplinary rehabilitative programs could be performed to guide the athlete toward the recovery of the highest functional level, according to the type of injury.

scholarly journals A Review of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis with Intermittent Neurogenic Claudication: Disease and Diagnosis

Pain Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S32-S44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Deer ◽  
Dawood Sayed ◽  
John Michels ◽  
Youssef Josephson ◽  
Sean Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Stenosis ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Neurogenic Claudication ◽  
Disc Disease ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

Abstract Objective Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a degenerative spinal condition affecting nearly 50% of patients presenting with lower back pain. The goal of this review is to present and summarize the current data on how LSS presents in various populations, how it is diagnosed, and current therapeutic strategies. Properly understanding the prevalence, presentation, and treatment options for individuals suffering from LSS is critical to providing patients the best possible care. Results The occurrence of LSS is associated with advanced age. In elderly patients, LSS can be challenging to identify due to the wide variety of presentation subtleties and common comorbidities such as degenerative disc disease. Recent developments in imaging techniques can be useful in accurately identifying the precise location of the spinal compression. Treatment options can range from conservative to surgical, with the latter being reserved for when patients have neurological compromise or conservative measures have failed. Once warranted, there are several surgical techniques at the physician’s disposal to best treat each individual case.

scholarly journals Brachial Plexus Injuries – Review of the Anatomy and the Treatment Options

PRILOZI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-103
Author(s):  
Sofija Pejkova ◽  
Venko Filipce ◽  
Igor Peev ◽  
Bisera Nikolovska ◽  
Tomislav Jovanoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Tendon Transfer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Axillary Nerve ◽  
Nerve Graft ◽  
Muscle Transfer ◽  
Lower Trunk ◽  
Functional Deficit ◽  
Bionic Reconstruction

Abstract Brachial plexus injuries are still challenging for every surgeon taking part in treating patients with BPI. Injuries of the brachial plexus can be divided into injuries of the upper trunk, extended upper trunk, injuries of the lower trunk and swinging hand where all of the roots are involved in this type of the injury. Brachial plexus can be divided in five anatomical sections from its roots to its terminal branches: roots, trunks, division, cords and terminal branches. Brachial plexus ends up as five terminal branches, responsible for upper limb innervation, musculocutaneous, median nerve, axillary nerve, radial and ulnar nerve. According to the findings from the preoperative investigation combined with clinically found functional deficit, the type of BPI will be confirmed and that is going to determine which surgical procedure, from variety of them (neurolysis, nerve graft, neurotization, arthrodesis, tendon transfer, free muscle transfer, bionic reconstruction) is appropriate for treating the patient.

scholarly journals Rehabilitation of Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy: Integrative Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 980
Author(s):  
Fátima Frade ◽  
Juan Gómez-Salgado ◽  
Lia Jacobsohn ◽  
Fátima Florindo-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injection ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Brachial Plexus Palsy ◽  
Injured Limb ◽  
Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy ◽  
Type Of Injury

This integrative literature review has been carried out with the aim of analyzing the scientific literature aimed at identifying and describing existing rehabilitation treatments/therapies for neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP). NBPP is a frequent consequence of difficult birthing, and it impairs the function of the brachial plexus in newborns. This is why knowledge on rehabilitation strategies deserves special attention. The data collection was carried out in January 2019, in the EBSCOhost and BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) platforms, in the CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE Complete, LILACS and PubMed databases. Thirteen articles were included in this integrative literature review, based on a literature search spanning title, abstract and full text, and considering the inclusion criteria. Two main treatments/therapies for NBPP rehabilitation were identified: conservative treatment and surgical treatment. Conservative treatment includes teamwork done by physiatrists, physiotherapists and occupational therapists. These professionals use rehabilitation techniques and resources in a complementary way, such as electrostimulation, botulinum toxin injection, immobilizing splints, and constraint induced movement therapy of the non-injured limb. Professionals and family members work jointly. Surgical treatment includes primary surgeries, indicated for children who do not present any type of spontaneous rehabilitation in the first three months of life; and secondary surgeries, recommended in children who after primary surgery have some limitation of injured limb function, or in children who have had some spontaneous recovery, yet still have significant functional deficits. Treatment options for NBPP are defined by clinical evaluation/type of injury, but regardless of the type of injury, it is unanimous that conservative treatment is always started as early as possible. It should be noted that there was no evidence in the literature of other types of rehabilitation and techniques used in clinical practice, such as preventive positioning of contractures and deformities, hydrotherapy/aquatic therapy, among others, so we consider there is a need for further studies at this level in this area.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Efficiency of Supinator Tendon Transfer to Wrist Extensor in Brachial Plexus Injuries at C7-T1, A Case Study Based on OpenSIM Modelling Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
mohammad Karimi ◽  
Hamid Namazi
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Inverse Kinematic ◽  
Wrist Motion ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Performance Limitation ◽  
Lesion Level ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Surgical Treatments ◽  
Type Of Injury

Abstract BackgroundThe incidence of brachial plexus injuries (BPI) is increasing due to improvement in transportation technology. Those with BPI have upper limb performance limitation depends on the type of injury. Various surgical treatments have been used in this group of the subjects to restore their performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of supinator transferred to wrist extensors in those with lesion level at C7-T1 based on OpenSim modelling approach.MethodThe motions of the upper limb during vertical reaching, transverse reaching and wrist motion of a normal subject were achieved by use of motion analysis system. The ranges of motion of the upper limb joints were evaluated by inverse kinematic. OpenSim software was used to determine the muscles forces during aforementioned tasks. Tendon of supinator was transferred to extensors in modified models of OpenSim. Forward dynamic approach was used to determine the range of motion in tendon transferred condition. ResultsThe range of wrist motion in normal condition (extensors intake) were 85, 103 and 140 degrees for the first task (transverse reaching), the second task (vertical reaching) and the third task (only flexion/extension of wrist), respectively. Although the force of supinator was significantly less than that of wrist extensors, the pattern of its force is the same as wrist extensors.

A rare variation in the formation of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus its embryological basis and clinical importance - a case report

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
N Satyanarayana ◽  
R Guha ◽  
P Sunitha ◽  
GN Reddy ◽  
G Praveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Rare Variation ◽  
Lower Trunk ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
The Right

Brachial plexus is the plexus of nerves, that supplies the upper limb.Variations in the branches of brachial plexus are common but variations in the roots and trunks are very rare. Here, we report one of the such rare variations in the formations of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus in the right upper limb of a male cadaver. In the present case the lower trunk was formed by the union of ventral rami of C7,C8 and T1 nerve roots. The middle trunk was absent. Upper trunk formation was normal. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-6,No-4, 49-52 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v6i4.6727

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