scholarly journals Regional Differences in Mitochondrial Capacity in the Finger Flexors of Piano Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Katie Luquire ◽  
Kevin K. McCully
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Training Adaptations ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Regional Specificity ◽  
Capacity Data ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mitochondrial Capacity ◽  
Finger Flexor Muscles

Background: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used to measure oxidative capacity, but regional differences have not been identified. Piano players are also a novel group of subjects for this lab. Methods: Controls (n = 13) and piano players (n = 8) were tested in a seated position on the right forearm. A fatigue test was performed for three minutes at 2, 4 and 6 Hz using electrical stimulation, which created an endurance index (EI) as the forearm fatigued. A six-cuff oxidative capacity test was performed using manual exercise to activate the muscle and allow for regional specificity. A rate constant (Rc) was generated from the mitochondrial capacity data. Results: Overall, piano players (Rc = 1.76 ± 0.6) and controls (Rc = 1.17 ± 0.3) have significant differences for the last two fingers (p = 0.01). While controls have significant differences between the index (Rc = 1.86 ± 0.5) and last two fingers (Rc = 1.17 ± 0.3) (p = 0.001), this difference was not observed in piano players. Overall, piano players (EI = 75.7 ± 12.3) and controls (EI = 73.0 ± 17.3) had no differences in endurance index values (p = 0.71). Conclusions: Piano players have significant differences in the mitochondrial capacity of the finger flexors that control the last two fingers compared to controls. The lack of difference between groups in the index fingers and overall endurance test suggests playing the piano produces training adaptations to the finger flexor muscles of the last two digits, which are rarely used by control subjects.

scholarly journals Comparative NMR and NIRS analysis of oxygen-dependent metabolism in exercising finger flexor muscles

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (6) ◽  
pp. R740-R753 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bendahan ◽  
Benjamin Chatel ◽  
Thomas Jue
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Lactate Formation ◽  
Nirs Signal ◽  
Finger Flexor Muscles

Muscle contraction requires the physiology to adapt rapidly to meet the surge in energy demand. To investigate the shift in metabolic control, especially between oxygen and metabolism, researchers often depend on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure noninvasively the tissue O2. Because NIRS detects the overlapping myoglobin (Mb) and hemoglobin (Hb) signals in muscle, interpreting the data as an index of cellular or vascular O2 requires deconvoluting the relative contribution. Currently, many in the NIRS field ascribe the signal to Hb. In contrast, 1H NMR has only detected the Mb signal in contracting muscle, and comparative NIRS and NMR experiments indicate a predominant Mb contribution. The present study has examined the question of the NIRS signal origin by measuring simultaneously the 1H NMR, 31P NMR, and NIRS signals in finger flexor muscles during the transition from rest to contraction, recovery, ischemia, and reperfusion. The experiment results confirm a predominant Mb contribution to the NIRS signal from muscle. Given the NMR and NIRS corroborated changes in the intracellular O2, the analysis shows that at the onset of muscle contraction, O2 declines immediately and reaches new steady states as contraction intensity rises. Moreover, lactate formation increases even under quite aerobic condition.

scholarly journals Influence of exercise training with resveratrol supplementation on skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine R. Polley ◽  
Nathan Jenkins ◽  
Patrick O’Connor ◽  
Kevin McCully
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Wrist Flexor ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise ◽  
Mitochondrial Capacity

Physical inactivity reduces, and exercise training increases, mitochondrial capacity. In rodents, exercise training effects can be augmented by large doses of resveratrol supplementation but whether this can occur in humans with a smaller dose is unclear. This study sought to determine the effects of resveratrol supplementation in combination with exercise training on skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity. Sixteen healthy young adults were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to consume either placebo or 500 mg of resveratrol plus 10 mg of piperine, a bioenhancer to increase bioavailibilty and bioefficacy of resveratrol. Participants ingested the pills daily for 4 weeks and completed 3 sessions per week of submaximal endurance training of the wrist flexor muscles of the nondominant arm. The contralateral arm served as an untrained control. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy. Changes in mitochondrial capacity from baseline to post-testing indicated significant differences between the resveratrol+piperine-trained arm and the placebo-trained arm (p = 0.02), with the resveratrol+piperine group increasing about 40% from baseline (Δk = 0.58), while the placebo group increased about 10% from baseline (Δk = 0.13). Neither the placebo group nor the resveratrol+piperine group exhibited changes in mitochondrial capacity in the untrained arm. In conclusion, low-intensity exercise training can increase forearm skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity when combined with resveratrol and piperine supplementation.

scholarly journals Muscle Mitochondrial Capacity and Endurance in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riley A. Hewgley ◽  
Bethany T. Moore ◽  
T. Bradley Willingham ◽  
Nathan T. Jenkins ◽  
Kevin K. McCully
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reperfusion Rate ◽  
Mitochondrial Capacity

ABSTRACTThe impact of type 1 diabetes (T1D) on muscle endurance and oxidative capacity is currently unknown.PurposeMeasure muscle endurance and oxidative capacity of adults with T1D compared to controls.MethodsA cross-sectional study design with a control group was used. Subjects (19-37 years old) with T1D (n=17) and controls (n=17) were assessed with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and casual glucose. Muscle endurance was measured with an accelerometer at stimulation frequencies of 2, 4, and 6 Hz for a total of nine minutes. Mitochondrial capacity was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy after exercise as the rate constant of the rate of recovery of oxygen consumption.ResultsT1D and control groups were similar in age, sex, height, and race. The T1D group had slightly higher BMI values and adipose tissue thickness over the forearm muscles. Casual glucose was 150±70 mg/dL for T1D and 98±16 mg/dL for controls (P=0.006). HbA1c of T1D subjects was 7.1±0.9% and 5.0±0.4% for controls (P<0.01). Endurance indexes at 2, 4, and 6 Hz were 94.5±5.2%, 81.8±8.4%, and 68.6±13.5% for T1D and 94.6±4.1%, 85.9±6.3%, and 68.7±15.4% for controls (p = 0.97, 0.12, 0.99, respectively). There were no differences between groups in mitochondrial capacity (T1D= 1.9±0.5 min−1 and control=1.8±0.4 min−1, P=0.29) or reperfusion rate (T1D= 8.8±2.8s and control=10.3±3.0s, P=0.88). There were no significant correlations between HbA1c and either muscle endurance, mitochondrial capacity or reperfusion rate.ConclusionsAdults with T1D did not have reduced oxidative capacity, muscle endurance or muscle reperfusion rates compared to controls. HbA1c also did not correlate with muscle endurance, mitochondrial capacity or reperfusion rates. Future studies should extend these measurements to older people or people with poorly-controlled T1D.

scholarly journals Is there evidence that phonophoresis is more effective than ultrasound in treating pain associated with lateral epicondylitis?

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri Hoppenrath ◽  
Charles D Ciccone
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Epicondylitis ◽  
Lateral Epicondyle ◽  
Wrist Extensor ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Wrist Extensor Muscles ◽  
The Right ◽  
Past Summer ◽  
Finger Flexor Muscles

Abstract A48-year-old woman was referred to our clinic with pain in the lateral epicondyle region of her right elbow. She is right-hand dominant. This pain started about 1 year ago, and the pain gradually increased throughout the past summer. During the warmer months she rides a motorcycle almost every day. The right hand is responsible for controlling the throttle of her motorcycle, and the wrist extensor muscles must contract to maintain active wrist extension for long periods of time. The right hand also controls the front brake lever, which is squeezed to apply the brake. This action also requires that the wrist extensor muscles contract to stabilize the wrist as the finger flexor muscles contract to squeeze the lever. The patient, therefore, uses her right wrist extensors continuously when riding a motorcycle, and these muscles might be overused during frequent or lengthy rides.

scholarly journals Demographic, Social, Economic, and Regional Factors Affecting the Diffusion of Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Japan

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2130
Author(s):  
Ken’ichi Matsumoto ◽  
Yui Nakamine ◽  
Sunyong Eom ◽  
Hideki Kato
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Alternative Fuel Vehicles ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
The Right

The transportation sector is a major contributor to carbon dioxide emissions, and the resulting climate change. The diffusion of alternative fuel vehicles, including hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), is an important solution for these issues. This study aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the ownership ratio of HEVs, particularly passenger vehicles, and the regional differences in the purchase of HEVs in Japan. This study performed a fixed-effects regression analysis with panel data for 47 prefectures during the period 2005–2015 to evaluate the factors affecting the HEV ownership ratio and conducted three cluster analyses to investigate the regional differences in diffusion in terms of price categories, body types, and drive systems of HEVs. Some demographic and social factors were found to affect the ownership ratio in Japan, whereas economic factors, including prefecture-level subsidies for purchasing HEVs, were not. Regarding regional differences, prefectures in urban areas with higher income levels tend to purchase more expensive and large-sized HEVs. These results suggest that a strategy to sell the right vehicle to the right person and region is essential for further promoting HEVs in Japan.

Fiber Type and Regional Differences in Oxidative Capacity and Glycogen Content in the Hamster Diaphragm

1992 ◽  
Vol 146 (5_pt_1) ◽  
pp. 1266-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Darlene Reid ◽  
Barry R. Wiggs ◽  
Peter D. Paré ◽  
Richard L. Pardy
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Oxidative Capacity

scholarly journals Force–Length Relationship Modeling of Wrist and Finger Flexor Muscles

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2311-2321 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUGO HAURAIX ◽  
BENJAMIN GOISLARD DE MONSABERT ◽  
ALEXIS HERBAUT ◽  
ERIC BERTON ◽  
LAURENT VIGOUROUX
Keyword(s):  
Length Relationship ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Finger Flexor Muscles

Changes in prefrontal cortex near infrared spectroscopy activity as a function of difficulty in a visual P300 paradigm

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Rizer ◽  
Jacob S Aday ◽  
Joshua M Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
Oddball Task ◽  
The Right ◽  
Visual P300 ◽  
P300 Event Related Potential

The P300 event-related potential is an index of attentional resources related to target detection. Source localization and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research has indicated that, among other regions, the prefrontal cortex contributes to the generation of the P300. Similar to fMRI, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy measures change in blood oxygen levels, but offers several advantages including portability, low expense, and superior temporal resolution. No studies to date have examined the extent to which prefrontal cortex NIR spectroscopy measures are active during the P300 paradigm. To address this knowledge gap, participants completed a two-difficulty visual oddball task in which NIR spectroscopy and P300 data were collected in a counterbalanced order. Confirmatory results indicate that the P300 event-related potential is attenuated as a function of task difficulty. Similarly, NIR spectroscopy measures of oxygenated hemoglobin in the right medial prefrontal cortex are attenuated as a function of task difficulty. The results suggest that prefrontal cortex NIR spectroscopy measures are sensitive to task difficulty in a visual P300 oddball task.

The neural correlates of inhibitory control in 10-month-old infants: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Fiske ◽  
Carina de Klerk ◽  
Katie Y. K. Lui ◽  
Liam H Collins-Jones ◽  
Alexandra Hendry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Inhibition Performance ◽  
The Right

Inhibitory control, a core executive function, emerges in infancy and develops rapidly across childhood. Methodological limitations have meant that studies investigating the neural correlates underlying inhibitory control in infancy are rare. Employing functional near-infrared spectroscopy alongside a novel touchscreen task that measures response inhibition, this study aimed to uncover the neural underpinnings of inhibitory control in 10-month-old infants (N = 135). We found that when inhibition is required, the right prefrontal and parietal cortices were more activated than when there is no inhibitory demand. Further, activation in right prefrontal areas was associated with individual differences in response inhibition performance. This demonstrates that inhibitory control in infants as young as 10 months of age is supported by similar brain areas as in older children and adults. With this study we have lowered the age-boundary for localising the neural substrates of response inhibition to the first year of life.

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