scholarly journals The Development of a Personalised Training Framework: Implementation of Emerging Technologies for Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Pickering ◽  
John Kiely
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Information ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Training Stimulus ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Microbiome Analysis ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Training Modality ◽  
Data Capture And Analysis ◽  
Key Questions

Over the last decade, there has been considerable interest in the individualisation of athlete training, including the use of genetic information, alongside more advanced data capture and analysis techniques. Here, we explore the evidence for, and practical use of, a number of these emerging technologies, including the measurement and quantification of epigenetic changes, microbiome analysis and the use of cell-free DNA, along with data mining and machine learning. In doing so, we develop a theoretical model for the use of these technologies in an elite sport setting, allowing the coach to better answer six key questions: (1) To what training will my athlete best respond? (2) How well is my athlete adapting to training? (3) When should I change the training stimulus (i.e., has the athlete reached their adaptive ceiling for this training modality)? (4) How long will it take for a certain adaptation to occur? (5) How well is my athlete tolerating the current training load? (6) What load can my athlete handle today? Special consideration is given to whether such an individualised training framework will outperform current methods as well as the challenges in implementing this approach.

Key questions about the future of laboratory medicine in the next decade of the 21st century: A report from the IFCC-Emerging Technologies Division

2019 ◽  
Vol 495 ◽  
pp. 570-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronda F. Greaves ◽  
Sergio Bernardini ◽  
Maurizio Ferrari ◽  
Paolo Fortina ◽  
Bernard Gouget ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Laboratory Medicine ◽  
The Future ◽  
Key Questions

scholarly journals The potential of epigenetic methods to provide evidence of torture

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-34
Author(s):  
Paula Suárez-López
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
The Body ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Torture Survivors ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Epigenetic Marks ◽  
Ethical Implications

Introduction: The last five decades have wit- nessed a transition from brutal forms of physi- cal torture to other physical and psychological methods that do not leave marks on the body. Providing evidence of these types of torture is often a challenge. Finding biological markers of torture would potentially contribute to solve this problem. Methods: Scientific literature review. Results: Methods to analyse certain biological marks present in the genetic material (the DNA), called epigenetic marks, have been developed in recent years. These marks can change in response to environmental factors, but these changes do not alter the genetic information contained in the DNA. Changes in epigenetic marks have been correlated with traumatic stress. Given that torture is an extreme form of trauma, this article argues that torture may also be associated with epigenetic changes. Discussion: Epigenetic methods offer a new tool that might be useful for the medico-legal documentation of cases of torture. Given that these methods have not been used for this purpose yet, they should be tested. Whether they have potential to contribute to determine the severity of suffering, establish a severity threshold or design strategies for the rehabilitation of torture survivors is discussed. The advantages and limitations of these methods, as well as ethical implications, must be taken into account.

scholarly journals Epigenetic adaptations of the masticatory mucosa to periodontal inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gesa M. Richter ◽  
Jochen Kruppa ◽  
H. Gencay Keceli ◽  
Emel Tuğba Ataman-Duruel ◽  
Christian Graetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation

Abstract Background In mucosal barrier interfaces, flexible responses of gene expression to long-term environmental changes allow adaptation and fine-tuning for the balance of host defense and uncontrolled not-resolving inflammation. Epigenetic modifications of the chromatin confer plasticity to the genetic information and give insight into how tissues use the genetic information to adapt to environmental factors. The oral mucosa is particularly exposed to environmental stressors such as a variable microbiota. Likewise, persistent oral inflammation is the most important intrinsic risk factor for the oral inflammatory disease periodontitis and has strong potential to alter DNA-methylation patterns. The aim of the current study was to identify epigenetic changes of the oral masticatory mucosa in response to long-term inflammation that resulted in periodontitis. Methods and results Genome-wide CpG methylation of both inflamed and clinically uninflamed solid gingival tissue biopsies of 60 periodontitis cases was analyzed using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. We validated and performed cell-type deconvolution for infiltrated immune cells using the EpiDish algorithm. Effect sizes of DMPs in gingival epithelial and fibroblast cells were estimated and adjusted for confounding factors using our recently developed “intercept-method”. In the current EWAS, we identified various genes that showed significantly different methylation between periodontitis-inflamed and uninflamed oral mucosa in periodontitis patients. The strongest differences were observed for genes with roles in wound healing (ROBO2, PTP4A3), cell adhesion (LPXN) and innate immune response (CCL26, DNAJC1, BPI). Enrichment analyses implied a role of epigenetic changes for vesicle trafficking gene sets. Conclusions Our results imply specific adaptations of the oral mucosa to a persistent inflammatory environment that involve wound repair, barrier integrity, and innate immune defense.

scholarly journals RSC Mobilizes Nucleosomes To Improve Accessibility of Repair Machinery to the Damaged Chromatin

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1602-1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Yong Shim ◽  
Soo Jin Hong ◽  
Ji-Hyun Oum ◽  
Yvonne Yanez ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Genome Integrity ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Dsb Repair ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Key Questions

ABSTRACT Repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) protects cells and organisms, as well as their genome integrity. Since DSB repair occurs in the context of chromatin, chromatin must be modified to prevent it from inhibiting DSB repair. Evidence supports the role of histone modifications and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling in repair and signaling of chromosome DSBs. The key questions are, then, what the nature of chromatin altered by DSBs is and how remodeling of chromatin facilitates DSB repair. Here we report a chromatin alteration caused by a single HO endonuclease-generated DSB at the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MAT locus. The break induces rapid nucleosome migration to form histone-free DNA of a few hundred base pairs immediately adjacent to the break. The DSB-induced nucleosome repositioning appears independent of end processing, since it still occurs when the 5′-to-3′ degradation of the DNA end is markedly reduced. The tetracycline-controlled depletion of Sth1, the ATPase of RSC, or deletion of RSC2 severely reduces chromatin remodeling and loading of Mre11 and Yku proteins at the DSB. Depletion of Sth1 also reduces phosphorylation of H2A, processing, and joining of DSBs. We propose that RSC-mediated chromatin remodeling at the DSB prepares chromatin to allow repair machinery to access the break and is vital for efficient DSB repair.

scholarly journals Potential of Using Cell-Free DNA and miRNA in Breast Milk to Screen Early Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghe Song ◽  
Yingying Zhang ◽  
Hongtao Liu ◽  
Yuguang Du
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Early Breast Cancer ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Free Dna

Objective. An ideal sample source is critical for more reliable and sensitive early detection of nucleic acid changes associated with breast cancer. Breast milk (BM) is a good noninvasive origin for genetic testing of early breast cancer, but cells in BM are easily disintegrated. So we investigate here whether cell-free nucleic acid (cfNA) exists in BM in a more stable form and whether the quality of BM cfNA is good enough for genetic testing. Methods. A self-designed qRT-PCR method was used to measure the existence and abundance of cfDNA. Quality of cfDNA and cfRNA were detected by capillary electrophoresis. Whole genome bisulfite sequencing and miRNA sequencing were used to explore the sources of cfDNA and cell-free miRNA in BM. The copy number analysis and z-test based on whole genome sequencing data were used to determine the integrity of genetic information in BM cfNA. Results. We found that cell-free DNA and miRNA exist in the studied breast milk samples in a stable form that can tolerate incubation of BM at room temperature for at least 7 days. These cell-free nucleic acids come mainly from breast-derived cells and contain genetic information as good integrity as in BM cells. We further listed some candidate miRNAs as potential biomarkers for research of early breast cancer screening by analysis of previous reports and our data. Conclusions. Our results suggest that cfDNA and cell-free miRNA in BM might be new noninvasive sample sources for finding early alterations of nucleic acid associated with the initiation and progression of breast cancer.

Fake news, technology and ethics: Can AI and blockchains restore integrity?

2021 ◽  
pp. 204388692199906
Author(s):  
Mary C Lacity
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Teaching Case ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Key Questions

This teaching case explores the advantages and disadvantages of battling fake news with advanced information technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchains. Students will explore the purposes of, proliferation of, susceptibility to, and consequences of fake news and assess the efficacy of new interventions that rely on emerging technologies. Key questions students will explore: How can we properly balance freedom of speech and the prevention of fake news? What ethical guidelines should be applied to the use of AI and blockchains to ensure they do more good than harm? Will technology be enough to stop fake news?

scholarly journals Cell-free DNA (cfDNA): Clinical Significance and Utility in Cancer Shaped By Emerging Technologies

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 898-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Volik ◽  
Miguel Alcaide ◽  
Ryan D. Morin ◽  
Colin Collins
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Free Dna

scholarly journals Deskripsi Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Pada Materi Yang Menerapkan Perhitungan Kimia Dengan Menggunakan Modul Berbasis Guided Inquiry

EduKimia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 026-030
Author(s):  
Ruci Aditya Rushiana ◽  
Iryani Iryani
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Chemical Equilibrium ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Guided Inquiry ◽  
Journal Review ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Buffer Solutions ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Practice Questions ◽  
Key Questions

This study aims to describe the learning outcomes of students on materials of chemical calculations using guided inquiry-based modules. The materials for chemical calculations include chemical equilibrium, salt hydrolysis, and buffer solutions. The type of this research is literature research with a semi-systematic approach. The data source is in the form of secondary data from reputable and non-reputable scientific journals. The data were collected using the documentation method and analysed using content analysis techniques. Based on the results of the journal review that has been done, it can be concluded that the learning outcomes of students in learning using guided inquiry-based modules have increased significantly in materials of chemical calculations, namely chemical equilibrium and salt hydrolysis and buffer solutions. The use of guided inquiry-based modules can encourage students to be active during the learning process and there are models and key questions that can make help students to find concepts and the existence of practice questions at the application stage that can strengthen students understanding.

Researching Long-Term Orientation

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith H. Brigham ◽  
G. T. Lumpkin ◽  
G. Tyge Payne ◽  
Miles A. Zachary
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Business Research ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Key Questions

Assumptions about the long-term orientation (LTO) of family firms are common in family business research. Drawing on prior conceptualizations, this article further develops and validates the LTO construct using content analysis techniques on two separate samples of data. Validation comes through empirical analysis of content validity, external validity, dimensionality, and concurrent validity. We find that family firms are higher than nonfamily firms on all three dimensions of LTO. We also discuss how future research can use this now-validated construct to address key questions in family business research, as well as inform the broader business literature.

Variable inertia training: Optimization of explosive-power exercises with robotic-resistance strength machines

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Biscarini ◽  
Samuele Contemori
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Training Stimulus ◽  
Inertial Force ◽  
Rate Of Force Development ◽  
External Resistance ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Force Development ◽  
Explosive Power ◽  
Training Modality ◽  
Different Levels

Strength training machines with computer-adjustable resistance mechanisms can simulate external resistance of different kinds (i.e. gravitational, elastic, and viscous) and magnitude R, and different levels of inertial force (the product of the resistance mass m and its acceleration). Notably, the simulated levels of R and m can be freely adjusted, during movement, independently of each other. In this study, the authors have performed a numerical simulation of exercises for explosive power to analyze the kinematic and kinetic effects of resistances that combine different levels of R and m (i.e. different levels of external resistance and inertial force). A progressive increase in m gradually enhances the peak user’s force and reduces the peak acceleration at all resistances R, enhances and shifts later in time the peak power at low resistances, and reduces the mean power at high resistances. The mass m also induces a rate of force development at the beginning of movement in a time frame which becomes progressively longer with higher values of m. Complete lack of mass m would be needed in the final phase of the movement to attain an effective training stimulus for high-velocity strength. In light of this evidence, the authors have devised a new training modality for explosive power (the “Variable Inertia Training”) with strength machines that use a motor and an electronic management system to simulate mass m variations in response to the kinematic parameters (position, velocity, and acceleration) of movement. This training modality can be designed to closely reproduce the kinematic and kinetic patterns occurring during ballistic or explosive sport movements, such as those occurring during throwing, hitting, rowing, and pushing activities. In addition, it may potentially enable the integrated development of the main neuromuscular components (force, rate of force development, and high-velocity strength) that contribute to the expression of explosive power for sports performance.

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