scholarly journals Sex Comparisons for Very Short-Term Dynamic Constant External Resistance Training

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
M. Byrd ◽  
Taylor Dinyer ◽  
Haley Bergstrom
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
External Resistance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Body Dynamic

This study compared sex responses for strength and barbell velocity from very short-term resistance training (VST, consisting of 2–3 training sessions) for an upper body dynamic constant external resistance (DCER) exercise (bench press [BP]). Ten females (mean ± standard deviation (SD) age: 21.3 ± 3 years, height: 166.2 ± 6 cm, body mass: 71.4 ± 10.7 kg) and 10 males (mean ± SD age: 24.6 ± 4 years, height: 179.5 ± 8 cm, body mass: 88.6 ± 11 kg) completed a pre-test visit to determine the BP 1 repetition maximum (1RM) as well as the mean (BPMV) and peak (BPPV) barbell velocities from the BP 1RM. The VST involved three training visits where the participants performed 5 sets of 6 repetitions, at 65% of the 1RM. The post-test followed the same procedures as the pre-test visit. There were significant increases in 1RM strength for both the males (5.1%) and females (5.4%) between pre-test and post-test. There were no significance differences between sex for mean (BPMV) and peak (BPPV); however, overall there was a 32.7% increase in BPMV and a 29.8% increase in BPPV. These findings indicated an increase in strength and barbell velocity for both males and females as a result of VST upper body DCER exercise in untrained subjects.

scholarly journals The Effects of 24 weeks of Resistance Training with Simultaneous Elastic and Free Weight Loading on Muscular Performance of Novice Lifters

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Shoepe ◽  
David Ramirez ◽  
Robert Rovetti ◽  
David Kohler ◽  
Hawley Almstedt
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Elastic Band ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Muscular Performance ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Weight Groups

The Effects of 24 weeks of Resistance Training with Simultaneous Elastic and Free Weight Loading on Muscular Performance of Novice LiftersThe purpose of this investigation was to assess the effectiveness of variable resistance as provided through elastic plus free weight techniques in college aged males and females. Twenty novice lifters were randomly assigned to a traditional free weight only (6 males and 5 females) or elastic band plus free weight group (5 males and 5 females) and 9 more normally active controls (5 males and 4 females), were recruited to maintain normal activity for the duration of the study. No differences existed between control, free weight and elastic band at baseline for age, body height, body mass, body mass index, and body fat percentage. One-repetition maximums were performed for squat and bench press while both strength and power were assessed using isokinetic dynamometry. Elastic groups and free-weight groups completed 24 weeks of whole body, periodized, high intensity resistance (65-95% of one-repetition maximum) training three times/week. Training programs were identical except that the elastic group trained the barbell squat, bench press and stiff-legged deadlift with 20-35% of their total prescribed training loads coming from band resistance (assessed at the top of the range of motion) with the remainder from free weight resistance. A mixed-model analysis revealed that peak torque, average power and one-repetition maximums for squat were significantly greater after training for the elastic group compared to the control (p<0.05). In addition, the free weight group also showed significantly greater improvements over the control in peak torque and one-repetition maximums for squat and bench press. No significant differences were observed between the elastic band and free weight groups. Combined variable elastic band plus free weight exercises are effective at increasing strength and power similar to free-weights alone in novice college aged males and females. However, due to complexity in set-up and load assignment elastic adoption by novice lifters in an unsupervised situation is not advised.

Comparison of CrossFit Barbara and classic resistance trainings for the protection of strength performance during off-season in kickboxers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Cebrail Gençoğlu ◽  
İlhan Şen
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Push Up

BACKGROUND: The inability of athletes to train or the decrease in the intensity and frequency of training may cause athletes to lose performance. Particularly in view of the current COVID-19 pandemic, maintaining strength outside the normal framework provides an advantage to athletes for the next competitions. OBJECTIVE: To compare the CrossFit Barbara which can be applied easily at home during the off-season or some situations such as the epidemic limitation to classic resistance training methods used to maintain the strength performance of national kickboxers. METHODS: Forty-three national kickboxers, CrossFit (CF, n= 22), and resistance training (RT, n= 21), participated in this study. While CF performed 20 pull-ups, 30 push-ups, 40 sit-ups, and 50 squat exercises, RT performed bench press, lat pull down, leg press, biceps curl, and triceps extension exercises twice per week for six weeks. Before and after the six weeks, the following variables were measured; body mass (BM) and body fat percentage (FP), VO2max, bench press (BP), squat (SQ), leg strength (LS), hand grip strength (HGS), pull-up, push-up and counter movement jump (CMJ). RESULTS: BP (p< 0.001, F= 41.125, ηp2= 0.501), SQ (p< 0.001, F= 26.604, ηp2= 0.394), LS (p< 0.001, F= 15.234, ηp2= 0.271), push-up (p< 0.001, F= 31.978, ηp2= 0.438) and pull-up (p< 0.001, F= 24.410, ηp2= 0.373) values changed significantly in group-time interaction between CF and RT groups, while there was no significant difference for the BM (p= 0.198, F= 1.715, ηp2= 0.040), Fat (p= 0.265, F= 1.279, ηp2= 0.030), HGS (p= 0.665, F= 0.190, ηp2= 0.005, CMJ (p= 0.054, F= 3.946, ηp2= 0.088) and VO2max (p=0.747, F= 0.106, ηp2= 0.003). Furthermore, according to the before and after study values, BP, SQ, LS, and CMJ decreased significantly (p< 0.05) while BM, FP, HGS, VO2max, pull-up and push-up variables did not in the CF (p> 0.05). In the RT, the pull-up and push-up variables decreased significantly (p< 0.05) while there was no significant difference for BP, SQ, LS, HGS, VO2max, body mass, body fat percentage and CMJ (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: CF Barbara workout was more effective in maintaining strength endurance performances, and RT in maintaining maximum strength performances. According to the individual performance needs of athletes, reasonable training method can be used to prevent performance decrement in the strength domain.

scholarly journals Effects of Single versus Multiple Bouts of Resistance Training on Maximal Strength and Anaerobic Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Shiau ◽  
Te Hung Tsao ◽  
Chang Bin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Before And After

Abstract This study examined the effects of one single bout daily versus triple bouts of resistance exercise for 12 weeks on muscular strength and anaerobic performance of the upper body. Twenty young male adults (age: 22.0 ± 1.0 years, bench press: 44.0 ± 10.3 kg) were randomly assigned to a single bout (SB) or triple bouts (TB) of resistance exercise group. Maximal strength and anaerobic performance of the upper body using the bench press (one-repetition maximum) and the modified 30 s Wingate test were determined before and after the intervention. Additionally, changes in lactate levels before and after the Wingate test were measured. Although the SB and TB groups showed a significant increase in maximal strength (post-intervention, SB: 67.2 ± 9.2 and TB: 67.6 ± 7.6 kg, respectively) compared with the values at pre-intervention (SB: 44.6 ± 11.4 and TB: 43.9 ± 8.7 kg, respectively), there was no significant difference for this variable between the two groups post-intervention (p > 0.05). The anaerobic performance of the upper body in the SB and TB groups also displayed improvements without significant difference between the two groups after the completion of different training regimes. On the basis of the same training volume, multiple bouts of resistance training showed similar improvements in maximal strength and anaerobic performance to one bout of resistance training in young adult men without prior experience in resistance training

Prediction of the Maximum Number of Repetitions and Repetitions in Reserve From Barbell Velocity

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amador García-Ramos ◽  
Alejandro Torrejón ◽  
Belén Feriche ◽  
Antonio J. Morales-Artacho ◽  
Alejandro Pérez-Castilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
General Equation ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Acceptable Reliability

Purpose: To provide 2 general equations to estimate the maximum possible number of repetitions (XRM) from the mean velocity (MV) of the barbell and the MV associated with a given number of repetitions in reserve, as well as to determine the between-sessions reliability of the MV associated with each XRM. Methods: After determination of the bench-press 1-repetition maximum (1RM; 1.15 ± 0.21 kg/kg body mass), 21 men (age 23.0 ± 2.7 y, body mass 72.7 ± 8.3 kg, body height 1.77 ± 0.07 m) completed 4 sets of as many repetitions as possible against relative loads of 60%1RM, 70%1RM, 80%1RM, and 90%1RM over 2 separate sessions. The different loads were tested in a randomized order with 10 min of rest between them. All repetitions were performed at the maximum intended velocity. Results: Both the general equation to predict the XRM from the fastest MV of the set (CV = 15.8–18.5%) and the general equation to predict MV associated with a given number of repetitions in reserve (CV = 14.6–28.8%) failed to provide data with acceptable between-subjects variability. However, a strong relationship (median r2 = .984) and acceptable reliability (CV < 10% and ICC > .85) were observed between the fastest MV of the set and the XRM when considering individual data. Conclusions: These results indicate that generalized group equations are not acceptable methods for estimating the XRM–MV relationship or the number of repetitions in reserve. When attempting to estimate the XRM–MV relationship, one must use individualized relationships to objectively estimate the exact number of repetitions that can be performed in a training set.

scholarly journals Hubungan besar sudut sit up dengan perubahan lingkar perut pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja T. Todingan ◽  
Maya Moningka ◽  
Vennetia Danes
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Medical Faculty ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences

Abstract: Abdomen is the central part of human body. Abdomen (waist) circumference >90cm in men and >85cm in women are a state of person in low health quality (obese). Sit up is one of physical activity-resistance training to abdomen muscles by lifting the upper body from lie back position then creating 90° of sit up angle. There are variations by changing the 90° of sit up angle to 45° and 120°. There are also moderately strong evidences that prove sit up changes the abdomen adiposity, so it wills benefits health quality. The goals of this study are not only to understand the correlation between sit up angles and changes of waist circumference but also to compare the changes of waist circumference between sit up angle 45°, 90° and 120°. 25 Students of Medical Faculty of Sam Ratulangi University were divided into 3 groups of sit up angle (45°,90°and 120°), each sample instructed to do 50 sit ups a day within 15 days of study. Before the first day of training and the last day after training, waist circumference was measured. Then, data were analyzed by IBM SPSS version 20 with the univariate analysis test. IBM SPSS version 20 with the univariate analysis test (α= 0, 05) shows the mean differences of waist circumference in group 45° sit up angle is 10 mm (p= 0,015), in group 90° sit up angle is 12,22 mm (p= 0,005), and in group 120° sit up angle is 13,75 (p= 0,045). Conclusion: There’s significant correlation between sit ups angle (45°, 90°, 120°) and waist circumference changes (p<α=0,05). The most significant correlation shown in group of 90° sit up angle. Keywords: sit up, waist circumference, sit up angle, waist circumference changesAbstrak: Perut adalah bagian sentral dari tubuh manusia. Ukuran lingkar perut >90cm bagi pria dan >85cm bagi wanita adalah tanda rendahnya kualitas kesehatan seseorang (obesitas). Sit up merupakan salah satu aktivitas fisik-latihan resistensi yang gerakannya melatih otot-otot perut mengangkat beban tubuh sampai membentuk sudut 90° dari posisi berbaring. Variasi dari sit up antara lain dengan mengubah sudut sit up dari 90° menjadi sudut 45° dan 120°. Sit up memiliki bukti cukup kuat mengurangi ukuran lingkar perut yang akhirnya meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan sudut sit up dengan perubahan lingkar perut dan juga mengetahui perbandingan perubahan lingkar perut pada sudut sit up 45°, 90° dan 120°. 25 mahasiswa fakultas kedokteran UNSRAT dibagi dalam tiga kelompok sudut sit up (45°,90°dan 120°), tiap sampel diinstruksikan untuk 50 kali sit up sehari selama 15 hari penelitian. Sebelum latihan hari pertama dan setelah latihan hari ke-15 dilakukan pengukuran lingkar perut. Kemudian data dianalisa dengan uji analisis univariat menggunakan aplikasi pengolah data statistik IBM SPSS version 20. Uji analisis univariat IBM SPSS version 20 dengan α= 0,05 didapatkan perbandingan rata-rata perubahan lingkar perut pada sudut sit up 45° adalah 10 mm (p = 0,015), pada sudut sit up 90° adalah 12,22 mm (p = 0,005), sedangkan pada sudut sit up 120° adalah 13,75 mm (p = 0,045). Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara sudut sit up dengan perubahan lingkar perut (p<α=0,05). Hubungan sangat signifikan didapat pada sudut sit up 90°. Kata kunci: sit up, lingkar perut, sudut sit up, perubahan lingkar perut

scholarly journals Range of motion of resistance exercise affects the number of performed repetitions but not a time under tension

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Krzysztofik ◽  
Patryk Matykiewicz ◽  
Aleksandra Filip-Stachnik ◽  
Kinga Humińska-Lisowska ◽  
Agata Rzeszutko-Bełzowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Load Displacement

AbstractThe resistance training volume along with the exercise range of motion has a significant impact on the training outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to examine differences in training volume assessed by a number of performed repetitions, time under tension, and load–displacement as well as peak barbell velocity between the cambered and standard barbell bench press training session. The participants performed 3 sets to muscular failure of bench press exercise with the cambered or standard barbell at 50% of one-repetition maximum (1RM). Eighteen healthy men volunteered for the study (age = 25 ± 2 years; body mass = 92.1 ± 9.9 kg; experience in resistance training 7.3 ± 2.1 years; standard and cambered barbell bench press 1RM > 120% body mass). The t-test indicated a significantly higher mean range of motion for the cambered barbell in comparison to the standard (p < 0.0001; ES =  −2.24). Moreover, there was a significantly greater number of performed repetitions during the standard barbell bench press than cambered barbell (p < 0.0001) in a whole training session, while no difference was found in total time under tension (p = 0.22) and total load–displacement (p = 0.913). The two-way repeated-measures ANOVA indicated a significant barbell × set interaction effect for peak velocity (p = 0.01) and a number of repetitions (p = 0.015). The post-hoc analysis showed a significantly higher number of repetitions for standard than cambered barbell bench press in set 1 (p < 0.0001), set 3 (p < 0.0001) but not in set 2 (p = 0.066). Moreover, there was a significantly higher peak velocity during the cambered than standard barbell bench press in set 1 (p < 0.0001), and set 2 (p = 0.049), but not in set 3 (p = 0.063). No significant differences between corresponding sets of the standard and cambered barbell bench press in time under tension and load–displacement were found. However, concentric time under tension was significantly higher during cambered barbell bench press in all sets (p < 0.05) when compared to the standard barbell bench press, while eccentric time under tension was significantly lower during the cambered than standard barbell bench presses only in the set 3 (p = 0.001). In summary, this study briefly showed that measuring training volume by the number of performed repetitions is not reliable when different exercise range of motion is used.

scholarly journals Effects of 7-week Resistance Training on Handcycle Performance in Able-bodied Males

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulric Sena Abonie ◽  
Tryntje Albada ◽  
Floor Morrien ◽  
Lucas van der Woude ◽  
Florentina Hettinga
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Body Resistance

AbstractThe effect of an upper body resistance training program on maximal and submaximal handcycling performance in able-bodied males was explored. Eighteen able-bodied men were randomly assigned to a training group (TG: n=10) and a control group (CG: n=8). TG received 7 weeks of upper body resistance training (60% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), 3×10 repetitions, 6 exercise stations, 2 times per week). CG received no training. Peak values for oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak), power output (POpeak), heart rate (HRpeak), minute ventilation (V˙OEpeak) and respiratory exchange ratio (RERpeak), submaximal values (HR, V˙O2, RER, PO, and gross mechanical efficiency (GE)), and time to exhaustion (TTE) were determined in an incremental test pre- and post-training. Maximal isokinetic arm strength and 1RM tests were conducted. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc comparisons were performed to examine the effect of time, group and its interaction (p<0.05). TG improved on POpeak (8.55%), TTE (10.73%), and 1RM (12.28–38.98%). RPE at the same stage during pre- and post-test was lower during the post-test (8.17%). Despite no improvements in V˙O2peak, training improved POpeak, muscular strength, and TTE. Upper body resistance training has the potential to improve handcycling performance.

scholarly journals Comparison of Kinematics and Muscle Activation between Push-up and Bench Press

2019 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. E74-E81
Author(s):  
Roland van den Tillaar
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Linear Encoder ◽  
Time Average ◽  
Push Up

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the similarity in kinematics and upper-body muscle activation between push-up and bench press exercises over a range of loads. Twenty resistance-trained subjects (age 22.5±5.24 yrs, body mass 83.7±10.7 kg, height 1.80±0.06 m) executed bench presses and push-ups with 4 different loads. Bench press was executed at 50–80% of their assumed 1 repetition max in steps of 10 kg, while push-ups were executed without a weight vest and with a 10–20–30 kg weight vest. A linear encoder measured kinematics (displacement, time, average and peak velocity) during the exercises at each load, together with mean and maximal muscle activation of 8 upper body muscles and their timing for each exercise and each load. The main findings of this study demonstrate no differences in kinematics and muscle activation between the two exercises and that the different loads had the same effect upon both push-up and bench press in experienced resistance-trained men. For coaches and athletes, push-ups and bench presses for strength training can be used interchangeably. By using a weight vest, push-ups can mimic different loads that are similar to different intensities in the bench press that can be used to train strength demands.

The Neuromuscular Qualities of Higher- and Lower-Level Mixed-Martial-Arts Competitors

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 612-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lachlan P. James ◽  
Emma M. Beckman ◽  
Vincent G. Kelly ◽  
G. Gregory Haff
Keyword(s):  
Martial Arts ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Body Dynamic

Purpose:To determine whether the maximal strength, impulse, and power characteristics of competitive mixed-martial-arts (MMA) athletes differ according to competition level.Methods:Twenty-nine male semiprofessional and amateur MMA competitors were stratified into either higher-level (HL) or lower-level (LL) performers on the basis of competition grade and success. The 1-repetition-maximum (1RM) squat was used to assess lower-body dynamic strength, and a spectrum of impulse, power, force, and velocity variables were evaluated during an incremental-load jump squat. In addition, participants performed an isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) and 1RM bench press to determine whole-body isometric force and upper-body dynamic strength capabilities, respectively. All force and power variables were expressed relative to body mass (BM).Results:The HL competitors produced significantly superior values across a multitude of measures. These included 1RM squat strength (1.84 ± 0.23 vs 1.56 ± 0.24 kg BM; P = .003), in addition to performance in the incremental-load jump squat that revealed greater peak power (P = .005–.002), force (P = .002–.004), and velocity (P = .002–.03) at each load. Higher measures of impulse (P = .01–.04) were noted in a number of conditions. Average power (P = .002–.02) and velocity (P = .01–.04) at all loads in addition to a series of rate-dependent measures were also superior in the HL group (P = .005–.02). The HL competitors’ 1RM bench-press values approached significantly greater levels (P = .056) than the LL group’s, but IMTP performance did not differ between groups.Conclusions:Maximal lower-body neuromuscular capabilities are key attributes distinguishing HL from LL MMA competitors. This information can be used to inform evidenced-based training and performance-monitoring practices.

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