scholarly journals Effect of Overnight Fasted Exercise on Weight Loss and Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hackett ◽  
Amanda Hagstrom
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals European Guidelines for Obesity Management in Adults with a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-245
Author(s):  
Giovanna Muscogiuri ◽  
Marwan El Ghoch ◽  
Annamaria Colao ◽  
Maria Hassapidou ◽  
Volkan Yumuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Obesity Management ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) has been recently proposed as an appealing nutritional strategy for obesity management. The VLCKD is characterized by a low carbohydrate content (&#x3c;50 g/day), 1–1.5 g of protein/kg of ideal body weight, 15–30 g of fat/day, and a daily intake of about 500–800 calories. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of the current document is to suggest a common protocol for VLCKD and to summarize the existing literature on its efficacy in weight management and weight-related comorbidities, as well as the possible side effects. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This document has been prepared in adherence with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Literature searches, study selection, methodology development, and quality appraisal were performed independently by 2 authors and the data were collated by means of a meta-analysis and narrative synthesis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 645 articles retrieved, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed, revealing 4 main findings. First, the VLCKD was shown to result in a significant weight loss in the short, intermediate, and long terms and improvement in body composition parameters as well as glycemic and lipid profiles. Second, when compared with other weight loss interventions of the same duration, the VLCKD showed a major effect on reduction of body weight, fat mass, waist circumference, total cholesterol and triglyceridemia as well as improved insulin resistance. Third, although the VLCKD also resulted in a significant reduction of glycemia, HbA1c, and LDL cholesterol, these changes were similar to those obtained with other weight loss interventions. Finally, the VLCKD can be considered a safe nutritional approach under a health professional’s supervision since the most common side effects are usually clinically mild and easily to manage and recovery is often spontaneous. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The VLCKD can be recommended as an effective dietary treatment for individuals with obesity after considering potential contra-indications and keeping in mind that any dietary treatment has to be personalized. <b><i>Prospero Registry:</i></b> The assessment of the efficacy of VLCKD on body weight, body composition, glycemic and lipid parameters in overweight and obese subjects: a meta-analysis (CRD42020205189).

The effectiveness of technology-based distance weight loss interventions on body composition in health care: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heli Lahtio
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions

BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity are major problems worldwide and they lead to an increased risk for several diseases. The use of technology in the treatment of obesity is promising, but there is considerable uncertainty regarding its efficacy in the current literature. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to study the effectiveness of technology-based distance weight loss interventions in health care on body composition in comparison to control groups that do not use technology. The aim of the meta-regression was to evaluate the factors associated with the changes in body composition outcomes in a comprehensive PICOS -framework. METHODS Studies were searched from eight databases. The inclusion criteria were developed based on the PICOS-framework (population: 18-65 years; intervention: technology-based distance weight loss interventions; comparison: control groups without technology; outcome: BMI, waist circumference or body fat percentage; study design: randomized controlled trial). Meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 30 studies. The quality of the studies was moderate (7/13). A statistically significant difference was observed in BMI (MD 0.83; 95% CI 0.51 to 1.15; P < .0001), waist circumference (MD 2.45; 95% CI 1.83 to 3.07; P < .0001), and body fat percentage (MD 1.07; 95% CI 0.74 to 1.41; P < .0001) in favor of the weight loss groups using technology. According to the findings of the meta-regression, interventions with personal feedback and higher quality of the studies may have been associated with a reduction in waist circumference and lower body fat percentage. CONCLUSIONS Technology-based distance weight loss interventions significantly reduced BMI, waist circumference, and body fat percentage. Future studies should focus on the comparability of the intervention content but also on the relations between the type of technology, behavioral change models, and biopsychosocial factors. CLINICALTRIAL This systematic review is registered in Prospero (CRD42016035831).

Effects of gradual weight loss v. rapid weight loss on body composition and RMR: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (11) ◽  
pp. 1121-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damoon Ashtary-Larky ◽  
Reza Bagheri ◽  
Amir Abbasnezhad ◽  
Grant M. Tinsley ◽  
Meysam Alipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Image Position

scholarly journals Effects of dietary protein intake on body composition changes after weight loss in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Eun Kim ◽  
Lauren E. O’Connor ◽  
Laura P. Sands ◽  
Mary B. Slebodnik ◽  
Wayne W. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Composition Changes

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of low and very low carbohydrate diets for type 2 diabetes remission: systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished randomized trial data

BMJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. m4743
Author(s):  
Joshua Z Goldenberg ◽  
Andrew Day ◽  
Grant D Brinkworth ◽  
Junko Sato ◽  
Satoru Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Remission Of Diabetes

Abstract Objective To determine the efficacy and safety of low carbohydrate diets (LCDs) and very low carbohydrate diets (VLCDs) for people with type 2 diabetes. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Searches of CENTRAL, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, CAB, and grey literature sources from inception to 25 August 2020. Study selection Randomized clinical trials evaluating LCDs (<130 g/day or <26% of a 2000 kcal/day diet) and VLCDs (<10% calories from carbohydrates) for at least 12 weeks in adults with type 2 diabetes were eligible. Data extraction Primary outcomes were remission of diabetes (HbA 1c <6.5% or fasting glucose <7.0 mmol/L, with or without the use of diabetes medication), weight loss, HbA 1c , fasting glucose, and adverse events. Secondary outcomes included health related quality of life and biochemical laboratory data. All articles and outcomes were independently screened, extracted, and assessed for risk of bias and GRADE certainty of evidence at six and 12 month follow-up. Risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random effects meta-analysis. Outcomes were assessed according to a priori determined minimal important differences to determine clinical importance, and heterogeneity was investigated on the basis of risk of bias and seven a priori subgroups. Any subgroup effects with a statistically significant test of interaction were subjected to a five point credibility checklist. Results Searches identified 14 759 citations yielding 23 trials (1357 participants), and 40.6% of outcomes were judged to be at low risk of bias. At six months, compared with control diets, LCDs achieved higher rates of diabetes remission (defined as HbA 1c <6.5%) (76/133 (57%) v 41/131 (31%); risk difference 0.32, 95% confidence interval 0.17 to 0.47; 8 studies, n=264, I 2 =58%). Conversely, smaller, non-significant effect sizes occurred when a remission definition of HbA 1c <6.5% without medication was used. Subgroup assessments determined as meeting credibility criteria indicated that remission with LCDs markedly decreased in studies that included patients using insulin. At 12 months, data on remission were sparse, ranging from a small effect to a trivial increased risk of diabetes. Large clinically important improvements were seen in weight loss, triglycerides, and insulin sensitivity at six months, which diminished at 12 months. On the basis of subgroup assessments deemed credible, VLCDs were less effective than less restrictive LCDs for weight loss at six months. However, this effect was explained by diet adherence. That is, among highly adherent patients on VLCDs, a clinically important reduction in weight was seen compared with studies with less adherent patients on VLCDs. Participants experienced no significant difference in quality of life at six months but did experience clinically important, but not statistically significant, worsening of quality of life and low density lipoprotein cholesterol at 12 months. Otherwise, no significant or clinically important between group differences were found in terms of adverse events or blood lipids at six and 12 months. Conclusions On the basis of moderate to low certainty evidence, patients adhering to an LCD for six months may experience remission of diabetes without adverse consequences. Limitations include continued debate around what constitutes remission of diabetes, as well as the efficacy, safety, and dietary satisfaction of longer term LCDs. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42020161795.

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