scholarly journals Balance Performance in Collegiate Athletes: A Comparison of Balance Error Scoring System Measures

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Dabbs ◽  
Nicole Sauls ◽  
Alice Zayer ◽  
Harish Chander
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Balance Error Scoring System ◽  
Balance Error

Concussion History and Time Since Concussion Do not Influence Static and Dynamic Balance in Collegiate Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 518-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Merritt ◽  
Cathleen N. Brown ◽  
Robin M. Queen ◽  
Kathy J. Simpson ◽  
Julianne D. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Balance Deficits ◽  
Balance Error Scoring System ◽  
Balance Error

Context:Dynamic balance deficits exist following a concussion, sometimes years after injury. However, clinicians lack practical tools for assessing dynamic balance.Objectives:To determine if there are significant differences in static and dynamic balance performance between individuals with and without a history of concussion.Design:Cross sectional.Setting:Clinical research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:45 collegiate student-athletes with a history of concussion (23 males, 22 females; age = 20.0 ± 1.4 y; height = 175.8 ± 11.6 cm; mass = 76.4 ± 19.2 kg) and 45 matched controls with no history of concussion (23 males, 22 females; age = 20.0 ± 1.3 y; height = 178.8 ± 13.2 cm; mass = 75.7 ± 18.2 kg).Interventions:Participants completed a static (Balance Error Scoring System) and dynamic (Y Balance Test-Lower Quarter) balance assessment.Main Outcome Measures:A composite score was calculated from the mean normalized Y Balance Test-Lower Quarter reach distances. Firm, foam, and overall errors were counted during the Balance Error Scoring System by a single reliable rater. One-way ANOVAs were used to compare balance performance between groups. Pearson’s correlations were performed to determine the relationship between the time since the most recent concussion and balance performance. A Bonferonni adjusted a priori α < 0.025 was used for all analyses.Results:Static and dynamic balance performance did not significantly differ between groups. No significant correlation was found between the time since the most recent concussion and balance performance.Conclusions:Collegiate athletes with a history of concussion do not present with static or dynamic balance deficits when measured using clinical assessments. More research is needed to determine whether the Y Balance Test-Lower Quarter is sensitive to acute balance deficits following concussion.

The effect of fatiguing exercise on balance performance as measured by the balance error scoring system

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurtekin Erkmen ◽  
Halil Taşkın ◽  
Turgut Kaplan ◽  
Ahmet Sanioǧlu
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Fatiguing Exercise ◽  
Balance Error Scoring System ◽  
Balance Error

scholarly journals Balance performance in sedentary and active healthy young individuals – a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
Radu Petroman ◽  
Andreea Luciana Rata
Keyword(s):  
Postural Balance ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sedentary Group ◽  
Balance Error Scoring System ◽  
Balance Error

Background and Study aim. Balance ability has a fundamental role in many activities of daily living, as well in athletic activities. The Balance Error Scoring System is a valid and reliable test used to evaluate postural balance. The aim of this study was to assess the postural balance in active and sedentary healthy young individuals. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the balance performance in forty-four healthy young individuals (mean age 21.69±4.87 years), based on their physical activity level. Balance was assessed using the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), and the total number of errors was scored, for the non-dominant limb (the left leg for both groups). The errors were counted for each of the six situations (double leg stance, single leg stance and tandem stance, on hard and soft surface). Results. Group 1 consisted of twenty-two active subjects (mean age 21.18±2.32 years, 59.09% females), with a BESS score of 9.87±1.6. The sedentary group (group 2), with twenty-two young subjects (mean age 22.22±6.61 years, 59.09% females), scored a significantly higher BESS score for the sedentary group (15.48±2.24) (p<0.001). No gender differences were recorded. Conclusions. Physically active young people have a better postural balance than do the sedentary ones, as scored with the BESS.

scholarly journals Normative Performance on the Balance Error Scoring System by Youth, High School, and Collegiate Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 636-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Ozinga ◽  
Susan M. Linder ◽  
Mandy Miller Koop ◽  
Tanujit Dey ◽  
Richard Figler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Balance Error Scoring System ◽  
Balance Error

Context:  Annually, more than 1 million youth athletes in the United States receive or are suspected of receiving a concussion. The Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) is the most commonly used clinical balance evaluation designed to provide a better understanding of the motor-control processes of individuals with concussion. Despite the widespread use of the BESS, a fundamental gap exists in applying this tool to young athletes, as normative values are lacking for this population. Objective:  To determine age- and sex-specific normative values for the BESS in youth, high school, and collegiate athletes. Design:  Cross-sectional study. Setting:  Local youth sport organizations, high schools, and colleges. Patients or Other Participants:  Student-athletes (N = 6762) completed preseason baseline concussion testing as part of a comprehensive concussion-management program. Groups were youth males aged 5 to 13 years (n = 360), high school males aged 14 to 18 years (n = 3743), collegiate males aged 19 to 23 years (n = 497), youth females aged 5 to 13 years (n = 246), high school females aged 14 to 18 years (n = 1673), and collegiate females aged 19 to 23 years (n = 243). Main Outcome Measure(s):  Errors according to the BESS specifications. Results:  Performance on the BESS was worse (P &lt; .01) in youth athletes than in high school and collegiate athletes. In the youth and high school cohorts, females exhibited better scores than males (P &lt; .05). Sex was not a factor for collegiate athletes. Data from the youth cohort were further subdivided into 4-year bins to evaluate potential motor-development differences. The error count was highest for 5- to 9-year-old males and decreased with age. Conclusions:  Performance on the BESS depended on sex and age, particularly in youth athletes. These sex- and age-specific normative values provide a reference to facilitate and unify clinical decision making across multiple providers caring for youth athletes with concussions.

Comparing Computer-Derived and Human-Observed Scores for the Balance Error Scoring System

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn B. Caccese ◽  
Thomas W. Kaminski
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Interclass Correlation ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Balance Error Scoring System ◽  
Balance Error

Context:The Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) is the current standard for assessing postural stability in concussed athletes on the sideline. However, research has questioned the objectivity and validity of the BESS, suggesting that while certain subcategories of the BESS have sufficient reliability to be used in evaluation of postural stability, the total score is not reliable, demonstrating limited interrater and intrarater reliability. Recently, a computerized BESS test was developed to automate scoring.Objective:To compare computerderived BESS scores with those taken from 3 trained human scorers.Design:Interrater reliability study.Setting:Athletic training room.Patients:NCAA Division I student athletes (53 male, 58 female; 19 ± 2 y, 168 ± 41 cm, 69 ± 4 kg).Interventions:Subjects were asked to perform the BESS while standing on the Tekscan (Boston, MA) MobileMat® BESS. The MobileMat BESS software displayed an error score at the end of each trial. Simultaneously, errors were recorded by 3 separate examiners. Errors were counted using the standard BESS scoring criteria.Main Outcome Measures:The number of BESS errors was computed for the 6 stances from the software and each of the 3 human scorers. Interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to compare errors for each stance scored by the MobileMat BESS software with each of 3 raters individually. The ICC values were converted to Fisher Z scores, averaged, and converted back into ICC values.Results:The double-leg, single-leg, and tandem-firm stances resulted in good agreement with human scorers (ICC = .999, .731, and .648). All foam stances resulted in fair agreement.Conclusions:Our results suggest that the MobileMat BESS is suitable for identifying BESS errors involving each of the 6 stances of the BESS protocol. Because the MobileMat BESS scores consistently and reliably, this system can be used with confidence by clinicians as an effective alternative to scoring the BESS.

scholarly journals P124: A new in-skates balance error scoring system for the sideline assessment of concussion in hockey players

CJEM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. S100-S101
Author(s):  
A. Robert ◽  
M. Moroz ◽  
D. Var ◽  
J. Correa ◽  
S. Delaney
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Balance Error Scoring System ◽  
Balance Error

Introduction: During a hockey game, athletes who are suspected of having sustained a concussion are removed from the game and evaluated. The modified balance error scoring system (MBESS) assessment, an essential part of the concussion evaluation, is performed in the dressing room, barefoot on a hard surface after equipment removal. While, players that pass the concussion assessment may re-dress and return to play, the equipment removal and re-dressing delays their return into the game. The objective of our study was to develop and evaluate a new in-skates balance error scoring system (SBESS) to reduce the delay in returning to the game. Methods: A prospective randomized single blinded study was conducted with 80 healthy university hockey players split into two groups. An at-rest group performed the SBESS assessment at rest on two separate occasions. A post-exercise group performed the test once at rest and once after exercise. The SBESS consisted of performing 4 different stances for 20 seconds each without equipment removal. The assessments were video recorded, and 3 independent reviewers scored the videos. For both the at-rest and post-exercise groups, the primary outcome measured was the number of balance errors. The secondary outcome was the number of falls. Statistics: For the primary outcome, both inter-rater and intra-rater reliability were calculated. The concordance between the SBESS and the currently used baseline pre-season balance score (MBESS) was also assessed. Results: The number of cumulative balance errors for all four stances varied between 4 and 7 for both groups without any significant exercise effect. No athletes fell. For inter-rater reliability, the intra-class correlation (ICC) was above 0.86, ranging from 0.86-0.92 for most stances except for the easiest stance, for which it was 0.66. For intra-rater reliability, the ICC ranged from 0.88 to 1 for all stances and raters. There was a lack of concordance between the SBESS and MBESS. Conclusion: The SBESS is a reliable balance test that can be safely performed in healthy athletes wearing their full equipment. The next step will be to evaluate the use of this test on concussed hockey athletes

The Relationship Between Physical Literacy Measures of Balance and the Balance Error Scoring System in Youth Sports Participants

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 270-276
Author(s):  
Hayley J. Root ◽  
Tamara C. Valovich McLeod ◽  
Eleanor Beltz ◽  
Julie Burland ◽  
Lindsay J. DiStefano
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Youth Sports ◽  
Physical Literacy ◽  
Balance Error Scoring System ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Balance Error

scholarly journals How Accurate are Concussed College Athlete’s Self-reported Balance Problems?

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-793
Author(s):  
A DaCosta ◽  
M Fasciana ◽  
A Crane ◽  
A LoGalbo
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Sports Concussion ◽  
Baseline Testing ◽  
Balance Problems ◽  
Balance Error

Abstract Purpose The Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) has been determined to be a reliable and valid measure of balance performance (Bell et al., 2011). Previous research indicates self-reported balance difficulties and postural stability are positively correlated (Broglio et al., 2009). Furthermore, athletes exhibit an increase in errors on the BESS following a concussion (McCrea et al., 2004). Methods 68 collegiate athletes (age 18-23; M=19.62, SD=1.44) received baseline, post-concussion, and follow-up evaluations. Balance performance was measured via the BESS on the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool-5th edition (SCAT5), while symptom reporting was measured by the SCAT5 and ImPACT neurocognitive testing. Results Multiple simple linear regressions were conducted, suggesting that changes in BESS performance from baseline to post-trauma significantly predicted self-report of “balance problems” at post-trauma on ImPACT (F(1, 66)=11.94, p=.001; R2=.15) and SCAT5 (F(1, 66)=5.73, p=.02; R2=.08). While baseline BESS errors were significantly correlated with post-trauma BESS errors (r=.29, p=.02), BESS errors at post-trauma did not significantly predict self-reporting of balance problems on either assessment. Conclusion Results suggest that self-reported balance difficulties following a concussion are an indicator of change in intraindividual balance performance, but not post-trauma balance performance alone. Furthermore, it provides clinical context as the individuals’ perception of change may be greater, impacting the likelihood of self-reporting of balance problems at post-trauma. These results support the clinical utility of examining pre- and post-injury changes in balance by including balance measurements in pre-participation baseline testing.

scholarly journals Baseline profiles of auditory, vestibular, and visual functions in youth tackle football players

Concussion ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. CNC66
Author(s):  
Travis White-Schwoch ◽  
Jennifer Krizman ◽  
Kristi McCracken ◽  
Jamie K Burgess ◽  
Elaine C Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Frequency Following Response ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Concussion Management ◽  
Tackle Football ◽  
Balance Error Scoring System ◽  
Balance Error

Aim: Neurosensory tests have emerged as components of sport-related concussion management. Limited normative data are available in healthy, nonconcussed youth athletes. Patients & methods/results: In 2017 and 2018, we tested 108 youth tackle football players immediately before their seasons on the frequency-following response, Balance Error Scoring System, and King-Devick test. We compared results with published data in older and/or and nonathlete populations. Performance on all tests improved with age. Frequency-following response and Balance Error Scoring System results aligned with socioeconomic status. Performance was not correlated across neurosensory domains. Conclusion: Baseline neurosensory functions in seven 14-year-old male tackle football players are consistent with previously published data. Results reinforce the need for individual baselines or demographic-specific norms and the use of multiple neurosensory measures in sport-related concussion management.

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