scholarly journals Maternal Transcripts of Hox Genes Are Found in Oocytes of Platynereis dumerilii (Annelida, Nereididae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Georgy P. Maslakov ◽  
Nikita S. Kulishkin ◽  
Alina A. Surkova ◽  
Milana A. Kulakova
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Platynereis Dumerilii ◽  
Maternal Transcripts ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Bivalent State

Hox genes are some of the best studied developmental control genes. In the overwhelming majority of bilateral animals, these genes are sequentially activated along the main body axis during the establishment of the ground plane, i.e., at the moment of gastrulation. Their activation is necessary for the correct differentiation of cell lines, but at the same time it reduces the level of stemness. That is why the chromatin of Hox loci in the pre-gastrulating embryo is in a bivalent state. It carries both repressive and permissive epigenetic markers at H3 histone residues, leading to transcriptional repression. There is a paradox that maternal RNAs, and in some cases the proteins of the Hox genes, are present in oocytes and preimplantation embryos in mammals. Their functions should be different from the zygotic ones and have not been studied to date. Our object is the errant annelid Platynereis dumerilii. This model is convenient for studying new functions and mechanisms of regulation of Hox genes, because it is incomparably simpler than laboratory vertebrates. Using a standard RT-PCR on cDNA template which was obtained by reverse transcription using random primers, we found that maternal transcripts of almost all Hox genes are present in unfertilized oocytes of worm. We assessed the localization of these transcripts using WMISH.

scholarly journals Russian Landscape Linocut, 1910-1970

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Taras Bocharov ◽  
Petr Kozorezenko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Graphic Art ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Landscape Art ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Almost All

The article examines the origin and development of Russian graphic landscape art, performed in the technique of engraving on linoleum. It covers the period from the early 20th century, the moment the first masters of this direction of graphic art appeared in Russia, until the late 1960s when linocut, the landscape, in particular, reached its prime and acquired its completely individual, unlike any other graphic technique, characteristic. The authors analyze the linocut landscapes of notable artists of the period described starting with the founder, N.Sheverdyaev, and the leading propagandist of linocut in Russia, I.Pavlov. The article describes the distinctive features of engraving and making prints by famous artists of the 20th century, graphic artists, and not only. This is M.Dobuzhinsky, B.Kustodiev, V.Falileev, K.Kostenko, N.Piskarev, later I.Sokolov, P.Staronosov, and many other not so famous artists. The Soviet period is represented by A.Kravchenko, M.Matorin, I.Sokolov, S.Yudovin, and, of course, A.Zyryanov, one of the well-known printers of the 1960s. The linocut technique is well established in almost all types of landscape. These were industrial, agitational works, glorifying the work of Soviet people, colorful sheets, and lyrical, delicate, and poetic works. The architectural and rural landscape occupied an important place in the work of the letterpress masters: in the urban landscape, of course, the images of the two capitals prevailed, which is not surprising since most of the artists studied and worked in Moscow and Leningrad. The authors of the article drew attention to the creative work of N.Lapshin, F.Smirnov, N.Novoselskaya, A.Smirnov, and others. In the article, the authors try to show how versatile and complex the linocut technique, especially colored, is. The authors want to show that the art of engraving on linoleum helped to view the landscape genre in graphics differently and, possibly, influenced the development of the landscape in other types of prints and painting. The authors are trying to prove that linoleum engraving rightfully takes an equal position with woodcut and etching. The works of masters working in this technique are exhibited in all museums in the country.

scholarly journals The effect of light factor on the development of thallus and generative organs in Chara vulgaris L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Maszewski
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Chara Vulgaris ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Effect Of Light ◽  
Generative Organs

During long-term axenic culture of Chara continuous illumination (L=24) increases mitotic activity of almost all types of cells. In such conditions only initiation of oogonia is inhibited, leading into a strong predomination of male generative organs. Prolonged darkness (L:D=1:23) exerts a mitodepressing effect. Oogonia and antheridia are especially susceptible to the reduction of the light period. Modifications of the elongating growth in various photoperiods are different in the polyploid regions of the vegetative thallus and in haploid cells of the antheridial filaments. Segments of both axial internodes and lateral pleuridia increase their dimensions at L:D=1:23, whereas at L=24 their growth is significantly inhibited. Different reaction is noted in the cells of antheridial filaments: at L=24 they are about 10% longer than in the control (L:D=14:10). The duration of the antheridium aevelopment, from the stage of unicellular filaments to the moment of antheridium opening, is 1.5 days shorter at L=24 as compared with the control. This shortening includes proportionally both the period of divisions within antheridial filaments and the period of spermatozoid differentiation.

Limits of proof in criminal proceedings

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Aleksei Marochkin ◽  
Viktoriya Slyvnaya
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Reasonable Doubt ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Evidence Collection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
European Standards ◽  
The Moment

Problem setting. Proving in criminal proceedings is evidence collection and research activity of special subjects of criminal proceedings. The specific purpose of prooving is to obtain knowledge that is close to reality. To achieve this purpose, the theory of criminal procedure operates with the concept of “limits of proof”. In view of the above, it is important to study this phenomenon, because, firstly, there is no legislative regulation, and secondly, there is no unity in the theory of criminal procedure on this issue. Target research. The aim of the work is to define the concept of the limits of proof; to find out the moment of reaching the limits of proof and cases of narrowing and expanding the limits of proof; to analyze case law on this issue. Analysis of recent research and publication. The question of determining the limits of proof, their relationship with the subject of prooving has been the subject of scientific research. In particular, the works of such researchers in the field of criminal procedure as A.R. Belkin, V.V. Vapnarchuk, G.F. Gorsky, Yu.M. Groshev, V.S. Zelenetsky, E.G. Kovalenko, L.D. Kokorev, R.V. Kostenko, R.D. Rakhunov, В.В. Rozhnov, V.G. Tanasovich, F.N. Fatkullin, A.A. Khmirov deserve attention. Article’s main body. The article discusses the concept and significance of the limits of proof in criminal proceedings, analyzes the differences between them and other procedural categories, and analyzes doctrinal developments regarding the criteria for reaching boundaries and judicial practice in cases of expanding or narrowing the limits of proof. Conclusions and prospect of development. Thus, the study allows us to state that the concept of the limits of proof in criminal proceedings is multifaceted and important because it aims to achieve fair trial. The limits of proof are individual for each specific criminal proceeding, and an important criterion for determining it is the standard of proof of guilt “beyond a reasonable doubt”. That is why the future study of this phenomenon in criminal proceedings becomes relevant due to the need to bring national criminal proceedings closer to European standards of justice.

IX.—The Structure and Function of the Alimentary Canal of Æolid Molluscs, with a Discussion on their Nematocysts

1938 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair Graham
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Gastropod Mollusc ◽  
Food And Feeding ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Function ◽  
Great Advance

During recent years there has been a very great advance in our knowledge of the minute structure and function of the various regions and glands of the alimentary canal of the prosobranch and pulmonate gastropods, without any corresponding increase in our understanding of the opisthobranch and, in particular, of the nudibranch gut. That the emphasis should be laid on the streptoneurous and the land-living forms is obviously due to their abundance and to the fact that they include almost all the familiar types of gastropod mollusc, but it is disappointing that, at the moment of writing, there exists only one account of the histology and function of the digestive system of either a dorid or an æolid—to confine attention to the two main types of nudibranch molluscs which occur in British waters—that of Millott (1937b). This is perhaps more noticeable when it is recalled that the nudibranchs have specialised along distinctly unusual lines, many of which are intimately associated with the food and feeding habits which the animals have adopted. The æolids, it is true, have attracted a lively interest in connexion with their possession of nematocysts, but the majority of investigators have apparently been content to trace these into the cnidosacs without concerning themselves over the other constituents of the animal's food.

A Report on 25 Cases of Post-Irradiated Lesions of the Brachial Nervous Plexus and their Treatment

1976 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sante Basso Ricci ◽  
Vittorio Ventafridda ◽  
Rita Zanolla ◽  
Lia Cassani ◽  
Roberto Spreafico
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Postoperative Radiotherapy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Therapeutic Treatment ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Ionizing Radiations

A study was carried out on a series of 25 patients who were operated on for breast cancer and who submitted to postoperative radiotherapy, in which lesions of the brachial nervous plexus from ionizing radiations were obtained. In almost all the cases, 24 out of 25, various symptoms such as paresthesiae, pain, and motorial disturbances, were observed even one year after the completion of the treatment. Motorial troubles, which in 13 cases were not detected at the moment of the diagnosis of the other lesions, always occurred later. Etiopathogenesis and diagnosis of these lesions have been considered, as well as the possibility of lowering the incidence of such troubles. The conclusion can be drawn that useful results can be obtained, to a certain extent, only if therapeutic treatment is performed early: in most cases, however, the lesions showed a progressive evolution.

Directivity enhancement by layered radomes

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 444-451
Author(s):  
R. Zhou ◽  
L. Shafai
Keyword(s):  
Ground Plane ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Image Theory ◽  
Antenna Design ◽  
Optimum Length ◽  
Integral Equation Methods ◽  
Antenna Directivity ◽  
Layered Dielectrics ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Low Permittivity

Single and layered radomes are often used to protect radiating elements. A two-dimensional analysis is used to investigate their influence on the antenna directivity and radiation patterns. Image-theory and integral-equation methods are used to formulate the problem for a line source and layered dielectrics of finite length over a ground plane, and solved numerically using the moment method. It is shown that, for a sufficiently long single-layer slab, the directivity enhancement is approximately equal to the square root of its relative permittivity. Properly truncating the slab can even improve the directivity. The optimum length of a finite dielectric slab is determined to maximize the directivity. For multilayer slabs, the directivity enhancement is much greater and they can be used with low-permittivity dielectrics to simulate a single-layer one of higher permittivity. Frequency dependency of the enhanced gain is also studied. Useful information for how to incorporate the radome parameters into the antenna design and use it for gain or directivity enhancement is provided.

scholarly journals Greek Council of State

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panos Kapotas
Keyword(s):  
Public Works ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
National Courts ◽  
The Face ◽  
National Attitudes ◽  
The Moment ◽  
National Constitution ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Council Of State

Ever since the days of Van Gend en Loos and Costa, national attitudes to the unilaterally proclaimed supremacy of EU law have invariably captured a great deal of academic and political attention. Since the mid-1990s most national constitutional courts have converged to the interpretative orthodoxy of a qualified acceptance of primacy, couched in a pluralist vision of the relationship between the EU and its Member States. As things stand at the moment, and especially against the backdrop of Declaration 17 of the Lisbon Treaty, primacy is expected to be the constitutionally recognised conflict resolution norm that national courts shall turn to in almost all circumstances.The Greek Council of State in its Judgment 3470/2011 does not break this pattern, even in the face of a politically sensitive issue. When considering whether an irrebuttable presumption of incompatibility between tenderers for public works contracts and owners or main shareholders of media corporations is permissible under EU law, the Greek court unequivocally accepts the relevant ECJ preliminary ruling in Michaniki and recalibrates its interpretation of the national constitution accordingly. In doing so, however, the Council of State reads an obligation for consistent interpretation into the constitution itself, thus turning the doctrine of indirect effect into a pragmatic tool for constitutional pluralism in action.

The Most Severe Somatic Disorders Treated with Excitaloprim

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
S. Kaludjerovic
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
List Type ◽  
Weak Inhibitor ◽  
Liver Cytochrome ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Persistent Depression ◽  
Somatic Disorders ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Almost All

Almost all of patients treated for cancers, experience episodes of persistent depression. Which moment is the most terrible? The moment patients hear their diagnosis,or time suffer while getting chemotherapy?The time on controls tumor markers or when their relatives give up on them? When mirror reflects damaged body and face. Or felt useless in the presence of their children?•diagnosis of cancers C00,E05 are difficult to accept, and go hand in hand with major depression F33/ according to ICD-10.•why excitaloprim as choice?Patients age 27 to 37 need antidepressant with pharmacokinetic superiority. Excitaloprim works faster than any other antidepressant, and it is strong, thanks to its dual serotonergic bonding on primar part as well as alosteric part bonding. It is weak inhibitor of the well defined liver cytochrome P450 isoenzym, CYP2D6., EEg .EKG is ok, so its safe drug/.In this study, I followed the results of excitaloprim treatment on 30 patients (20 females, 10 males).During 2 months, 20 patients were diagnosed with cancer (mostly colon and breast). All this patients have already been operated. Some have anus praeternaturalis.Other patients have AIDSinitial phase, and autoimmune dg/On Hamilton scale, 45, points, MADRS on 10 items, 40, on Becks scale 65.Zung self rating index o,6. In this project, patients without children were much more suicidal.Cancer patients got 20 mg excitaloprim pro die, other 10 mg pro die. After 2 mothsscales showed statistically important improvements despite severity.

scholarly journals A Romanian Jew in Hollywood: Edward G. Robinson

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-62
Author(s):  
Raluca Moldovan
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Main Body ◽  
American Film ◽  
Introductory Section ◽  
Gangster Films ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Key Largo ◽  
Double Indemnity ◽  
American Film Industry

Abstract The present study aims to investigate the contribution that actor Edward G. Robinson brought to the American film industry, beginning with his iconic role as gangster Little Caesar in Mervyn Le Roy’s 1931 production, and continuing with widely-acclaimed parts in classic film noirs such as Double Indemnity, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street. Edward G. Robinson was actually a Romanian Jew, born Emmanuel Goldenberg in Bucharest, in 1893, a relatively little known fact nowadays. By examining his biography, filmography and his best-known, most successful films (mentioned above), I show that Edward G. Robinson was one of classical Hollywood’s most influential actors; for instance, traits of his portrayal of Little Caesar (one of the very first American gangster films) can be found in almost all subsequent cinematic gangster figures, from Scarface to Vito Corleone. In the same vein, the doomed noir characters he played in Fritz Lang’s The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street are still considered by film critics today to be some of the finest, most nuanced examples of noir heroes. Therefore, the main body of my article will be dedicated to a more detailed analysis of these films, while the introductory section will trace his biography and discuss some of his better-known films, such as Confessions of a Nazi Spy and Key Largo. The present study highlights Edward G. Robinson’s merits and impact on the cinema industry, proving that this diminutive Romanian Jew of humble origins was indeed something of a giant during Hollywood’s classical era.

scholarly journals Developmental series of gene expression clarifies maternal mRNA provisioning and maternal-to-zygotic transition in a reef-building coral

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Chille ◽  
Emma Strand ◽  
Mayaan Neder ◽  
Valeria Schmidt ◽  
Madeleine Sherman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Peptide Transport ◽  
Maternal Mrna ◽  
Maternal To Zygotic Transition ◽  
Maternal Transcripts ◽  
Baseline Information

Abstract Background Maternal mRNA provisioning of oocytes regulates early embryogenesis. Maternal transcripts are degraded as zygotic genome activation (ZGA) intensifies, a phenomenon known as the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT). Here, we examine gene expression over nine developmental stages in the Pacific rice coral, Montipora capitata, from eggs and embryos at 1, 4, 9, 14, 22, and 36 h-post-fertilization (hpf), as well as swimming larvae (9d), and adult colonies. Results Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis revealed four expression peaks, identifying the maternal complement, two waves of the MZT, and adult expression. Gene ontology enrichment revealed maternal mRNAs are dominated by cell division, methylation, biosynthesis, metabolism, and protein/RNA processing and transport functions. The first MZT wave occurs from ~4-14 hpf and is enriched in terms related to biosynthesis, methylation, cell division, and transcription. In contrast, functional enrichment in the second MZT wave, or ZGA, from 22 hpf-9dpf, includes ion/peptide transport and cell signaling. Finally, adult expression is enriched for functions related to signaling, metabolism, and ion/peptide transport. Our proposed MZT timing is further supported by expression of enzymes involved in zygotic transcriptional repression (Kaiso) and activation (Sox2), which peak at 14 hpf and 22 hpf, respectively. Further, DNA methylation writing (DNMT3a) and removing (TET1) enzymes peak and remain stable past ~4 hpf, suggesting that methylome programming occurs before 4 hpf. Conclusions Our high-resolution insight into the coral maternal mRNA and MZT provides essential baseline information to understand parental carryover effects and the sensitivity of developmental success under increasing environmental stress.

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